融合Gabor小波和双层LLE的人耳图像识别

针对局部线性嵌入(LLE)算法易受偏转角度和近邻选取的影响,提出了一种双层LLE(DLLE)的人耳图像识别方法,并结合Gabor小波和DLLE提出了GDLLE。DLLE首先计算各样本与每类样本中心的欧氏距离,再把欧氏距离最小的K类所有样本作为LLE的近邻,提取出鉴别特征,最后由最近近邻分类器对鉴别特征进行分类。在USTB3人耳图像库上的实验结果表明,本文提出DLLE能够减小偏转角度和近邻对LLE算法的影响,结合Gabor小波后进一步改善了算法的识别率。     

粗略不相似度量及其在层次聚类中的应用

局部结构特征在数据分析过程中具有重要的作用.为获得简单有效的数据集局部结构化特征检测方法,本文结合重采样误差分析和传统的近邻选择方法提出了一种检测局部结构特征的方向一致性度量—粗略不相似性度量.该度量是一种优化的近邻选择方法,不仅考虑了传统的欧氏距离排序,而且考虑了局部方向结构特征.因其计算和存储复杂度小以及具有优越的结构检测性能,可应用于无监督学习形成一种层次化的子图聚类算法—RDClust,与经典聚类算法相比,其优势在于:一是计算复杂度较小,是近似线性算法;二是无需对类的形状和分布形式做任何的假设,可自动体现数据集的局部结构;三是有一个近邻参数,且该参数对结果较鲁棒.在人工和真实数据集上的实验显示了新的度量方式应用于新算法的优越性能.     

流形核与LPP相结合的毛杆折痕识别方法

针对毛杆折痕难以检测问题,将非线性流形的思想引入到折痕识别领域。提出运用流形核函数与局部保持投影相结合的方法进行毛杆特征提取。首先基于区域图像构造协方差矩阵作为图像特征,利用仿射不变度量作为样本点的距离测度。然后通过定义的黎曼核函数选择流形上的近邻点,使得近邻点的选择符合数据呈非线性流形的假设,并结合数据类别信息构造相应的核矩阵。最后利用局部保持投影算法对毛杆图像进行降维。实验结果表明,本文算法能够有效克服光照不均和残余绒毛等外部因素影响,具有较好的稳健性和较高的识别率。     

基于信息特征耦合夹角一致性规则的图像匹配算法

目的针对当前基于灰度特征的图像匹配算法在遇到匹配图像存在较大的光照变换时,会引起较多的误匹配和漏匹配等问题,提出一种基于信息特征耦合夹角一致性规则的图像匹配算法。方法首先,利用Forstner算子来检测图像的特征点,接着用Hessian矩阵最大特征值与其最小的特征值做比值计算,优化Forstner算子的检测特征点。然后,以特征点为原点,构建极坐标系,将特征点的邻域进行分割。再利用信息熵模型求取每个分割块中的信息特征,以生成特征描述子。最后,利用特征描述子构造距离模型,搜索指定特征点的最近邻特征点和次近邻特征点,并通过距离比值方法完成特征点的匹配。通过匹配特征点之间形成的夹角,建立夹角一致性规则,对匹配特征点的可靠性进行度量,剔除错误匹配特征点,从而完成图像匹配。结果实验结果显示,与当前图像匹配算法相比,所提图像匹配算法图像在旋转角度10?~100?范围内,识别率为94.6%~88%,平均识别时间为5.48 s,具有更高的匹配精度与鲁棒性。结论所提算法具有较高的检测精度,在印刷防伪与信息安全等领域具有较好的应用价值。     

相关流形距离在转子故障数据集分类中的应用方法

针对故障特征属性值域之间存在着一定相关性导致准确分类困难的问题,提出一种能够考虑相关系数影响作用的转子故障数据集分类方法;该方法是将相关流形距离的边界Fisher分析(Correlation Manifold Distance Marginal Fisher Analysis,CDMFA)与相关流形距离的K-近邻(Correlation Manifold Distance K-Nearest Neighbor,CDKNN)分类器概念相结合在一起的结果。首先,将振动信号集合转换成多域、多通道高维故障特征数据集;然后,通过CDMFA将融合相关系数的相关流形距离用于度量数据样本间的近邻与权值,据此能更好地反映高维数据间的相似性关系,提取出能使类间距离趋大的低维特征子集;最后,将得到的低维特征子集输入到CDKNN分类器中进行故障模式辨识。用一个双跨度转子系统数据集与仿真数据集对所提出的方法进行了验证。结果表明:本方法降维效果良好,可获得更高的故障分类准确率。研究发现,采用相关流形距离作为信息测度的故障数据分类方法能更真实地揭示出高维特征间的几何结构关系;该方法可为高维故障数据集的特征属性约简与分类,提供降低数据规模的理论参考依据。     

近邻概率距离在旋转机械故障集分类中的应用方法

针对多种故障类型的特征属性相互交叉导致故障难以辨识的问题,提出一种考虑相邻点之间成为近邻点概率的新度量函数。将新提出的近邻概率距离(Nearby Probability Distance,NPD)应用于局部保持投影算法(Locality Preserving Projection,LPP)与K-近邻(K-Nearest Neighbor,KNN)分类器中,提出基于近邻概率距离的局部保持投影算法(Nearby Probability Distance Locality Preserving Projection,NPDLPP)与基于近邻概率距离的K-近邻(Nearby Probability Distance K-Nearest Neighbor,NPDKNN)分类器;首先通过时域、频域特征提取方法,将振动信号转化为高维特征数据集,然后通过NPDLPP将高维数据集降维到低维空间,最后将降维得到的低维敏感特征集输入到NPDKNN中进行模式识别;用一个双跨度转子系统的振动信号集合进行验证,证明了所提出的降维算法效果明显,它能够达到各个故障类型更好分离。研究表明,新提出的近邻概率距离较传统的欧式距离测度更能最小化类内散度,最大化类间分离度。     

多个激活度量相结合的小波图像融合方法

在小波分解的基础上,将小波系数绝对值与局部能量二个激活度量相结合,提出了一种新的小波图像融合算法.根据二幅源图像在同一分解层及同一方向上相同位置的小波系数绝对值之间和局部能量之间出现的4种不同组态,采取选择和加权平均方法确定融合图像的小波系数.实验结果表明新算法具有较好的融合效果.     

基于局部质心均值最小距离鉴别投影的旋转机械故障数据降维分析研究

针对旋转机械故障特征集非线性强、维数过高导致分类困难的问题,提出一种基于局部质心均值最小距离鉴别投影（Local Centroid Mean Minimum?distance Discriminant Projection,LCMMDP）的故障数据集降维算法。该算法在考虑样本的内聚性和分离性的同时,能够保持样本局部几何结构信息,反映样本与局部质心均值之间的近邻关系。从多个角度提取机械振动信号的混合特征,构建原始高维特征集,通过 LCMMDP 提取出低维敏感特征子集,利用改进的基于局部均值与类均值的 k?近质心近邻分类算法（k?nearest Centroid Neighbor Classification Based on Local Mean and Class Mean,KNCNCM）进行故障模式识别。所提方法集成了 LCMMDP 在维数约简和 KNCNCM在模式识别的优势,可得到较高的故障识别准确率。分别使用一个双转子系统数据集和仿真数据集验证了该方法的有效性。     

Shi-Tomasi角点区域的拷贝图像检测

针对由于裁剪、翻转和旋转等产生的图像拷贝问题,提出一种Shi-Tomasi角点的拷贝检测算法.先使用Shi-Tomasi角点检测算法提取图像的局部角点;然后在以Shi-Tomasi角点为中心的圆环区域内计算特征向量的协方差描述子(多特征融合);最后通过协方差描述子的相似性度量来检测圆环区域的相似性,并以此判断检测图像是否为原图像的拷贝.实验结果证明,该检测算法对图像的裁剪、旋转等攻击具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于最近邻搜索耦合近邻损耗聚类的图像伪造检测算法

目的为了解决当前图像伪造检测算法在对图像进行伪造检测时,主要依靠全局搜索的方式来完成特征点匹配,导致其检测效率较低,且在对复杂伪造图像进行检测时,易出现检测精度不高和检测错误的不足。方法提出基于最近邻搜索耦合近邻损耗聚类的图像伪造检测算法。首先引入积分图像的方法,对图像进行预处理,借助Hessian矩阵行列式来提取特征点。利用特征点构建圆形区域,通过求取圆形区域内Haar小波响应获取特征点的特征描述符。然后通过特征描述符建立KD树索引,利用最近邻搜索方法代替SURF中全局搜索的方法,对SURF进行改进,完成特征点的匹配。最后,利用特征点间的近邻关系求取近邻函数值,通过近邻函数值对特征点进行聚类,完成图像的伪造检测。结果实验结果显示,与当前图像伪造检测算法相比,所提算法具有更高的检测效率以及更高的检测正确度。结论所提算法具备较高的检测精度,在印刷防伪与信息安全等领域具有较好的应用价值。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to