An anisotropic thermal-stress model for through-silicon via

A two-dimensional thermal-stress model of through-silicon via (TSV) is proposed considering the anisotropic elastic property of the silicon substrate.By using the complex variable approach,the distribution of thermalstress in the substrate can be characterized more accurately.TCAD 3-D simulations are used to verify the model accuracy and well agree with analytical results (＜ ±5％).The proposed thermal-stress model can be integrated into stress-driven design flow for 3-D IC,leading to the more accurate timing analysis considering the thermal-stress effect.     

双根锥形硅通孔结构的精确RLGC电路模型

A fast RLGC circuit model with analytical expression is proposed for the dual tapered through-silicon via （TSV） structure in three-dimensional integrated circuits under different slope angles at the wide frequency region. By describing the electrical characteristics of the dual tapered TSV structure, the RLGC parameters are extracted based on the numerical integration method. The RLGC model includes metal resistance, metal inductance, substrate resistance, outer inductance with skin effect and eddy effect taken into account. The proposed analytical model is verified to be nearly as accurate as the Q3D extractor but more efficient.     

A Reliable Method of Image Registration Based on Optical Flow Field and Feature Extraction

A novel method for solving the automated registration problems based on the global optical flow field and feature extracted from images is proposed. The method can be preformed with three steps. Firstly, the global optical flow field is computed, which provides a platform of background registration. Secondly, the optical flow field and the edge feature of moving target are integrated to segment the whole target. Finally, the registration of moving targets is finished through the transformation computation of perspective projection model. The simulation experiments for infrared images show that the method proposed is not accurate, but robust to motion of scene, which is ideally suited for the application of automated image registration.     

A collaborative location model for cellular mobile position location

In cellular network, several Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) location algorithms can be applied to mobile position estimation. However, each algorithm has its own limitations and none of them is proved to be the most reliable one in different channel environments. In this paper Kleine-Ostmann‘s data fusion model is modified and a collaborative location model which incorporates position estimate of two TDOA location algorithms is proposed.Analysis and simulation show that more reliable and accurate mobile position estimation can be achieved based on this model.     

A New Fuzzy Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

Multiple genetic algorithms (GAs) need a large population size, which will take a long time for evolution. A new fuzzy adaptive GA is proposed in this paper This algorithm is more effective in global search while keeping the overall population size constant. The simulation results of function optimization show that with the proposed algorithm, the phenomenon of premature convergence can be overcome effectively, and a satisfying optimization result is obtained.     

An Algorithm of Wavelet Image Fusion Based on Visual Saliency

Considering the characteristics of wavelet transform and human visual system saliency, a novel image fusion algorithm was proposed. Based on multi-scale wavelet decomposition, visual saliency model had been introduced into calculating the intensity, direction and texture global integrated saliency of each pixel at each level frequency component. And it adaptively acquired the weighted fusing coefficients. Experiments show that this algorithm can achieve more clear minutia. Comparing with regional feature-based wavelet fusion algorithm, it improves fusion performance of human vision and objective evaluation. It is also benefit to detection and recognition.     

Single tone jamming elimination scheme of multicarrier spread spectrum system

The proposed scheme is based on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) domain processing. The key technology of this scheme is jamming parameters‘ accurate estimation and jamming reconstruction. Compared with the “threshold exciser”scheme.the proposed scheme can eliminate more jamming energy on the whole frequency band with the minimum loss of useful signal energy. As shown in the research and simulation, the proposed scheme is much better than the “threshold exciser” scheme, especially in the case of high power jamming whereas the “threshold exciser” scheme might be invalid.     

On Minimizing Delay with Probabilistic Splitting of Traffic Flow in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

In the paper,we propose a framework to investigate how to effectively perform traffic flow splitting in heterogeneous wireless networks from a queue point.The average packet delay in heterogeneous wireless networks is derived in a probabilistic manner.The basic idea can be understood via treating the integrated heterogeneous wireless networks as different coupled and parallel queuing systems.The integrated network performance can approach that of one queue with maximal the multiplexing gain.For the purpose of illustrating the effectively of our proposed model,the Cellular/WLAN interworking is exploited.To minimize the average delay,a heuristic search algorithm is used to get the optimal probability of splitting traffic flow.Further,a Markov process is applied to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and compare with that of selecting the best network to access in terms of packet mean delay and blocking probability.Numerical results illustrate our proposed framework is effective and the flow splitting transmission can obtain more performance gain in heterogeneous wireless networks.     

Operation Strategy of EV Battery Charging and Swapping Station

An operation strategy of the electric vehicle(EV) battery charging and swapping station is proposed in the paper. The strategy is established based on comprehensively consideration of the EV charging behaviors and the possible mutual actions between battery charging and swapping. Three energy management strategies can be used in the station: charging period shifting, energy exchange between EVs, and energy supporting from surplus swapping batteries. Then an optimization model which minimizes the total energy management costs of the station is built. The Monte Carlo simulation is applied to analyze the characteristics of the EV battery charging load, and a heuristic algorithm is used to solve the strategy providing the relevant information of EVs and the battery charging and swapping station. The operation strategy can efficiently reduce battery charging during the high electricity price periods and make more reasonable use of the resources. Simulations prove the feasibility and rationality of the strategy.     

Performance Analysis of RF Spiral Inductor with Gradually Changed Metal Width and Space

To decrease the metal losses of RF spiral inductor,a novel layout structure with gradually reduced metal line width and space from outside to inside is presented.This gradual changed inductor has less eddy-current effect than the conventional inductor of fixed metal width and space.So the series resistance can be reduced and the quality (Q) factor of the inductor relating to metal losses is increased.The obtained experimental results corroborate the validity of the proposed method.For a 6nH inductor on high-resistivity silicon at 2.46GHz,Q factor of 14.25 is 11.3% higher than the conventional inductor with the same layout size.This inductor can be integrated with radio frequency integrated circuits to gain better performance in RF front end of a wireless communication system.     

一种基于目标延迟约束缓冲器插入的互连优化模型

基于分布式RLC传输线,提出在互连延迟满足目标延迟的条件下,利用拉格朗日函数改变插入缓冲器数目与尺寸来减小互连功耗和面积的优化模型. 在65nm CMOS工艺下,对两组不同类型的互连线进行计算比较,验证该模型在改善互连功耗与面积方面的优点. 此模型更适合全局互连线的优化,而且互连线越长,优化效果越明显,能够应用于纳米级SOC的计算机辅助设计和集成电路优化设计.     

时间域电磁勘探数据的模拟退火法反演研究

地电模型的高度非线性和非惟一性限制了模拟退火法反演在电磁勘探领域中的应用。该文采用改进的模拟退火算法,实现了时间域电磁法数据的模拟退火法反演。首先通过双重数字滤波方法简化了正演计算过程,然后将非线性反演问题转化为最优化问题,采用模拟退火算法搜索全局最优解。改进的搜索策略能自适应地调整搜索步长,提高了最优解的搜索效率。与传统反演方法进行对比实验,结果表明该方法能有效获得全局最优解,得到更加准确的地电模型参数。     

高速电路倒装互连结构的不连续性分析

针对倒装互连结构的不连续性,建立了各部分结构的解析式,结合等效电路以及全波仿真模型,利用仿真软件进行电路参数提取,解释了连接器件各个部分的物理意义,研究了封装的寄生参数对器件的影响。对于高速互连结构中普遍的不连续性,如焊点和传输线互连处等的信号特性进行仿真。可以找出有效的模型改进参数,使结构得到优化。应用仿真结果确定实验测试的方法,在保证模型特性的前提下,有效地降低了实验成本。最后对仿真结果进行了实验验证,并且有较好的一致性。     

Signal through-the-silicon via planning and pin assignment for thermal and wire length optimization in 3D ICs

Signal through-the-silicon via (STS-via) planning plays an important role in multi-layer nets which need vertical interconnection between different device layers. Moreover, STS-via can also dissipate heat, which is a much more serious problem in 3D ICs than in 2D ICs. Since the through-the-silicon via is large and can only be inserted into whitespace of the device layer, planning STS-via for thermal optimization may affect the interconnection wire length. Therefore, in order to make STS-via planning more flexible, we integrated STS-via with pin assignment. In this paper, we use min-cost maximum flow algorithm for STS-via planning and pin assignment simultaneously. Experimental results show that our approach can reduce both temperature and wire length effectively with short runtime.     

Power short-term load forecasting based on big data and optimization neural network

With the reduction of the cost of power data acquisition and the interconnection of large scale power systems,the types of data available in the power network are becoming more and more abundant.In the past,the centralized fore-casting method was limited to the analysis of the massive power data.Therefore,a short-term power load forecasting based on large data and particle swarm optimization BP neural network was proposed,and short-term power load fore-casting model was established.The actual load data of the national grid,using the method of prediction,compared with the actual load data and centralized load forecasting results prove that this method is accurate enough,reduce the load forecasting time with feasibility in practical application.     

基于混合遗传算法的SAR图像边缘检测

在研究SAR图像特性的基础上,提出了一种基于混合遗传算法的边缘检测方法。它将边缘检测归结为一个优化问题,利用遗传算法的全局寻优能力,能够搜索到定位准确,更加连续和精确的边缘,并且局部优化算子又能大大加快算法的收敛,因而算法兼有良好的检测效果和快速的处理速度。仿真结果也证明了其有效性。     

Optimization of operational fiber links and interconnections for the merger of two networks

Multiple telecommunication networks create redundancy in fiber resources. Merging two networks can achieve savings in redundant fiber links. In this paper, we investigate the merge of two networks by adding fiber interconnections. A simulation model is developed for the optimization. The overall costs for various topologies are optimized with respect to different interconnection build costs. We show, by simulation and analytical results, that through the merger of two networks, it reduces more than 50% of operational fiber links. We are able to provide routing between any two nodes in the two networks. In all cases after critical interconnection build cost, only two interconnections are needed. The optimization is performed to find a Hamiltonian path that covers all the nodes in each network or to find a path that contains a maximum number of directly connected articulation nodes in different groupings. The proposed simulation model finds the optimal interconnection locations for these topologies.     

一种折叠式共源共栅运算放大器的准确设计方法

传统折叠式共源共栅放大器的人工设计流程只能得到近似的设计结果,优化方法获得的结果较好,但需耗费大量计算。文中针对这类放大器,给出了一种准确设计方法。通过SPICE仿真弥补传统设计流程各性能指标解析近似产生的误差,同时采用基于BSIM模型的器件尺寸计算,反复执行这一设计流程,消除了传统设计过程存在的误差,得到准确的设计结果。文中所提方法相较于传统人工方法更精确,避免了设计时的反复调试;与优化方法相比,虽仍要通过一个迭代过程,但因收敛较快,故计算量较小。文中以0.18μm与90 nm实际工艺库下的电路设计为例,给出了仿真设计结果,证明了所提方法的正确性与有效性。     

A nature-inspired firefly algorithm based approach for nanoscale leakage optimal RTL structure

Optimization of leakage power is essential for nanoscale CMOS (nano-CMOS) technology based integrated circuits for numerous reasons, including improving battery life of the system in which they are used as well as enhancing reliability. Leakage optimization at an early stage of the design cycle such as the register-transfer level (RTL) or architectural level provides more degrees of freedom to design engineers and ensures that the design is optimized at higher levels before proceeding to the next and more detailed phases of the design cycle. In this paper, an RTL optimization approach is presented that targets leakage-power optimization while performing simultaneous scheduling, allocation and binding. The optimization approach uses a nature-inspired firefly algorithm so that large digital integrated circuits can be effectively handled without convergence issues. The firefly algorithm optimizes the cost of leakage delay product (LDP) under various resource constraints. As a specific example, gate-oxide leakage is optimized using a 45 nm CMOS dual-oxide based pre-characterized datapath library. Experimental results over various architectural level benchmark integrated circuits show that average leakage optimization of 90% can be obtained. For a comparative perspective, an integer linear programming (ILP) based algorithm is also presented and it is observed that the firefly algorithm is as accurate as ILP while converging much faster. To the best of the authors׳ knowledge, this is the first ever paper that applies firefly based algorithms for RTL optimization.