大视场线结构光视觉传感器的现场标定

针对大视场线结构光视觉传感器的现场标定,提出了一种基于自由组合一维靶标的标定方法。自由组合多个一维靶标并固定,其中每个一维靶标至少包含3个共线特征点。靶标在传感器测量空间内自由摆放至少两次。以一维靶标两两之间夹角恒定为约束求解摄像机内部参数;由一维靶标消影点性质和特征点之间距离约束,求解各特征点在摄像机坐标系下的空间坐标;根据交比不变计算光平面与各一维靶标交点的摄像机坐标,拟合出光平面方程。实验表明,该方法可获得与平面靶标相当的标定精度,具有靶标加工容易、精度高、摆放次数少的特点,适合大视场线结构光视觉传感器的现场标定。     

标定十字结构光传感器的新方法

建立了基于十字结构光的视觉传感器的数学模型,提出了一种基于自由移动平面靶标的十字结构光传感器参数的简易标定方法。在自由移动的平面靶标上建立局部世界坐标系,将通过交比不变方法获得的两个光平面上特征点的局部世界坐标,变换到摄像机坐标系,从而获得已知三维的标定特征点。利用构建的分别位于两个光平面上标定特征点,可以实现工作状态的十字结构光传感器参数的优化估计。该标定方法降低了标定设备的成本,简化了标定过程,为十字结构光传感器的工程化应用奠定了基础。通过对圆的直径和中心坐标的测量实验,结果表明,该方法切实可行。     

线结构光视觉传感器机器人手眼关系标定

为实现对工业机器人手眼关系的标定,提出一种基于线结构光视觉传感器的手眼关系标定方法。该方法在标定时,将一个平面靶标作为参考物固定在工业机器人工作空间内,控制工业机器人末端运动以带动线结构光视觉传感器作多组变位姿运动,获取在不同位姿状态下的平面靶标图像并对其进行图像处理。通过对图像上固定特征点的测量,以及建立线结构光视觉传感器模型和手眼关系模型实现对线结构光内参数和手眼关系的标定。用棋盘格标定板进行测量实验验证,实验结果表明该方法准确度为0.036 mm,即优于40μm,可用于工业机器人的测量应用。     

利用齿形靶标标定线结构光传感器结构参数的新方法

本文建立了线结构光传感器数学模型，并在基础上提出了一种新的、高准确度的线结构光传感器结构参数的标定方法，该方法利用简单的齿形靶标的一维移动，以确定交平面与摄像机间的位置关系。     

面激光测量传感器快速标定方法

本文提出了一种基于平面靶标的结构光系统参数快速标定方法。该方法基于摄影测量技术,使用编码点制作的平面靶标,由相机获取靶标平面光条图像,根据编码点的图像坐标以及靶标坐标,经过仿射变换和后方交会等处理,可以快速方便的得到光平面标定点的相机坐标,将标定点进行拟合即可完成标定。实验表明,该方法的光平面拟合中误差优于0.07 mm,系统测量精度的平均相对误差优于0.33%,具有较高的标定精度。同时该方法可以实现点、线、面等模式的结构光参数标定,通用性较强,标定效率较高,方法灵活,适合现场标定。     

机器人激光扫描式焊缝跟踪测量系统研究

提出了机器人激光扫描式焊缝跟踪系统参数的标定方法和基于数字图像处理的焊缝特征点识别方法.采用中值滤波、自适应阈值分割和孤点滤波法等对激光图像进行预处理,以数字形态学方法获得焊缝特征点坐标;然后以一组平行线为靶标,获得激光平面上无穷远处一点在摄像机中的投影,实现结构光参数的标定;最后以多个机器人位姿对固定目标点进行检测,求解出机器人的手眼矩阵.整个系统标定过程简单,精度可靠,可用于空间曲面的U型焊缝检测.     

基于彩色编码相移条纹的相机标定

针对传统标定方法对靶标特征点模糊噪声适应性低的问题,提出一种基于彩色编码相移条纹的标定方法.以液晶显示面板为标定靶,依次显示水平和垂直彩色编码相移条纹;通过颜色通道分离,得到正交相移条纹;结合相移理论,以正交相位截断线的交点为特征点;多次改变靶标位姿,提取特征点,结合基于平面二维靶标的标定理论,实现单相机与双目立体视觉...     

基于线结构光传感器的工业机器人运动学参数标定

针对工业机器人绝对定位精度较低问题,提出一种基于线结构光传感器的工业机器人运动学参数标定方法.首先,将线结构光传感器固定安装在机器人末端,建立传感器测量模型,然后建立机器人运动学模型,通过手眼关系将传感器模型与机器人模型连接组成完整的标定系统模型.其次,使线结构光传感器在不同位姿下对某一固定点进行测量,得到该点在机器人...     

线激光扫略的白车身装配特征机器人在线检测技术研究

为实现白车身装配特征位置参数的在线检测,监控和保障白车身焊接尺寸质量,研制了一种基于线激光摆动扫略的白车身装配特征机器人在线检测系统.提出了摆动式线激光单目视觉传感器的测量系统方案和传感器参数标定方法及传感器摆动运动标定方法;分析了传感器摆动采集光刀图像的特点,进而提出了面向孔槽、柱状类装配特征的光刀点云提取算法及位置参数计算方法;进行了系统集成,开发了在线检测系统,并展开工程应用验证.验证结果表明:本技术实现了对白车身各类装配特征快速、精密、稳定的检测.     

交比投影不变原理在结构光平面拟合中的应用

文中简介了机器视觉研究中的一种编码结构光投影系统，在它的编码模板上具有很多的编码特征点，它们在模板的水平和垂直方向上分别构成多组共线的点，经投影后，这些点分别形成了纵向和横向的若干光平面，而这些光平面相对于投影系统三维坐标系的位置关系需要事先标定。在标定过程中需要若干组位于各光平面上的三维空间特征点，将这些点与光平面共同成像于CCD像平面上，再从图像中提取出它们的图像坐标，由共线投影不变性可知，三维特征点所在的直线与光平面所在的直线在CCD像平面上相交于若干点，然后利用代数射影几何中的交比不变原理就可将结构光平面与三维空间点建立对应关系，从而标定出各光平面的参数。文中给出了详细的实验步骤，列出了一些数据及图表，并对实验结果进行了说明。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.