阴极电流密度对酸性液电镀Zn—Ni合金质量的影响

复合电镀是制造复合材料的一种新方法,在过去30多年里取得了极大的发展,关于电镀工艺和镀层性能的研究也较为深入．锌镍合金是近20多年发展起来的一种新型防护性镀层,具有极高的耐腐蚀性、低氢脆性、可焊性和机械加工性等优良特性,极具发展前景．锌镍合金镀层具有优良的耐腐蚀性,可以满足不断提高的防护性能要求．文章介绍了一种酸性锌镍合金电镀工艺．研究了电流密度的增加,镀层中的镍含量增加;获得了最佳工艺参数：100—120g／LNiSO4·H2O,60～80g/L ZnCl2,200～220g／LNH4Cl,20～35g/L硼酸,0．05～0．5g／L十二烷基硫酸钠,0．3g／L香草醛,pH=5,温度／．C=20—25,电流密度／（A／dm^2）=1．     

铜钴合金单膜电化学溶解造液试验研究

在酸性条件下H2O2／O2及Fe^3＋／Fe^2＋的平衡电位远正于H^＋／H2和Cu^2＋／Cu。采用阴离子膜分隔阴、阳极室,以空气作氧化剂,使氧在阴极放电或氧化二价铁离子成三价,三价铁离子在阴极表面放电,实现铜钻合金单膜低压电溶解。实验确定的工艺条件为：槽电压0．32～0．55V,温度为60℃,相邻两极表面间距3cm,阴极室H2SO4浓度35g/L,FeSO4浓度76g/L,鼓氧充足,阳极室H2SO4浓度25g/L,实验电流密度可达300—500A/m^2,电流效率达98．7％。     

桑杆吸附剂的改性及其对Cd~(2+)吸附性能的研究

研究了NaOH法、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)法和磷酸活化法对桑杆生物质吸附剂的改性及改性后桑杆吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能,优化了改性条件和吸附工艺条件,考察了改性后的桑杆吸附剂对废水中Cd~(2+)的吸附效果。结果表明:1)NaOH法、SDBS法和H3PO4活化法对桑杆吸附剂进行改性均能提高桑杆吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的吸附能力;相同条件下,3种改性方法的改性效果排序为NaOH法SDBS法H3PO4法,改性后吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的吸附率分别达98.15%、96.81%和88.62%。2)NaOH法优化改性条件:NaOH质量浓度50g/L,温度25℃,时间3h;SDBS法优化改性条件:SDBS质量浓度30g/L,温度25℃,时间3h;H3PO4活化法的优化改性条件:浸渍比1∶2,H3PO4浓度1mol/L,活化温度150℃,活化时间5h。3)吸附时间、温度、吸附剂用量、溶液pH及Cd~(2+)初始浓度对改性吸附剂吸附Cd~(2+)效果有不同程度影响:NaOH法改性吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的适宜吸附条件为吸附剂用量5g/L,吸附温度35℃,吸附时间3h,溶液pH=6;SDBS法改性吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的适宜吸附条件为吸附剂用量7.5g/L,吸附温度35℃,吸附时间3h,溶液pH=6;H3PO4法改性吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的适宜吸附条件为吸附剂用量7.5g/L,吸附温度35℃,吸附时间3h,溶液pH=5。3种方法改性所得桑杆吸附剂对低浓度Cd~(2+)的吸附效果不佳,Cd~(2+)初始质量浓度大于15mg/L时吸附效果明显。     

钒（Ⅴ）一次磷酸钠-偶氮胂Ⅲ体系催化动力学光度法测定痕量钒

基于0．016mol／L的H2SO4介质中，痕量钒(Ⅴ)对次磷酸钠(NaH2PO2)还原偶氮肿Ⅲ(AsAⅢ)的褪色反应有明显的阻抑作用，建立了测定痕量钒（Ⅳ）的动力学光度法。钒（Ⅴ）质量浓度在0～4．0μ／L范围内服从比尔定律，方法检出限为0．058μg／L。在25mL溶液中，测定0．1μg钒(Ⅴ)的相对标准偏差为1．5％(n=11)。讨论了酸度、反应物浓度、温度、反应时间、干扰离子等因素的影响，研究了反应的最佳条件，并测定了一些动力学参数，催化反应的表观活化能为46．80kJ／mol。用于测定人发和茶叶样品中痕量钒(Ⅴ)，相对标准偏差为3．0％～4．2％，标准加入回收率为98．2％～101．4％。     

Al／β-PbO2-WC-ZrO2复合电极材料的制备

研究了电镀液中固体微粒质量浓度及工艺条件对Al／β／-PbO2-WC-ZrO2复合电极材料的表面化学组成及稳态析氧极化曲线的影响规律,对工艺条件进行了优化,优化后的工艺条件如下：WC：50g／L,ZrO2浓度为50g／L,电流密度为3A／dm^2,温度：20℃,电沉积时间：2．5h．该新型电极用于锌电积可使槽电压降低,电流效率提高。     

Zr(HPO4)(C6H5PO3)/Cr2O3选择性催化合成苯酚的研究

报道了以Zr(HPO4)(C6H5PO3)／Cr2O3为苯选择性氧化为苯酚的催化剂，对苯氧化制备苯酚的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明：最佳条件为n(C6H6)：n(H2O2)=1：0．75，催化剂用量为反应反应物料总质量的1．0％，反应时间为12h，反应温度为55℃。在上述条件下，苯的转化率可达到45．1％，苯酚的收率可达到42．8％，催化剂Zr(HPO4)(C6H5POH)／Cr2O3的氧化苯制备苯酚的选择性达到94．9％。     

高锗硫酸锌溶液除锗试验研究

对含锗高的硫酸锌溶液的除锗工艺进行系统的研究,在锌粉用量3g/L、温度85～90℃、时间120min及添加剂用量为CuSO4·5H2O 0.32g/L、Sb2O3 6mg/L的条件下,净化后溶液的含锗<0.03mg/L,能够满足锌电解沉积周期48h时对溶液含锗的要求.     

Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg合金锡盐电解着色工艺及膜性能研究

Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg是一种新型含镁高硅铝合金挤压型材,具有优异的力学性能、加工性能和广阔的市场前景,其表面处理技术亟待研究和开发。选择L25(55)五因素五水平正交实验方案优化电解着色液的组成,得到最佳电解液配方成分为:硫酸亚锡12 g·L-1、硫酸12 g·L-1、硼酸6 g·L-1、稳定剂Ⅰ14 g·L-1和稳定剂Ⅱ1.2 g·L-1。通过单因素实验确定交流电解着色工艺条件为:时间10～15 min,温度20～25℃,交流电压12～25 V。控制电解着色条件,可得到颜色从浅到深的着色膜。微观结构分析(EDS,XRF,XRD)证实着色膜中沉积金属锡,着色膜均匀致密,与铝基材结合良好,厚度约为10～13μm。着色试样400℃恒温1 h后表面无变化。反复将300℃的试样浸入室温下的水中,着色膜表面无变化,表明锡盐着色膜热稳定性和抗热震性良好。耐酸蚀、耐碱蚀实验表明电解着色试样的耐酸蚀、耐碱蚀性能均优于裸样。240 h中性盐雾实验后,电解着色膜的保护评级和外观评级为9级。     

液相沉淀法制备WS2超细粉体

综述了近年来国内外WS2的应用及各种制备技术。以硫化钠与钨酸钠溶液为原料采用液相沉淀法制备WS2超细粉体，通过实验确定最佳工艺条件：采用1．5mol／L的Na2S溶液在85℃下硫化216．56g／L的WO4^2-3～4h，然后加入8mol／L的盐酸反应，可制得粒径分布区间0．1～1．5μm的二硫化钨。产物利用LS800欧美克粒度测试仪进行表征，结果显示：粉体的分散性良好，颗粒分布均匀，粒径D(50)为0．58μm。     

废杂铜氨性蚀刻溶铜工艺研究

研究了在CuCl2-N H3-N H4 Cl和CuCl2-CuSO4-N H3-N H4 Cl体系中蚀刻废杂铜,考察了蚀刻液组成、铜氨溶液中初始离子质量浓度、温度、溶液流动状态、蚀刻液 pH 等因素对铜溶解速率的影响。结果表明：CuCl2-NH3-NH4Cl体系中,在铜质量浓度120～165 g/L、氯质量浓度150～200 g/L、pH 8．0～8．5、温度45℃、强化流动条件下,废杂铜的蚀刻速率为0．25 g/（min · L ）;CuCl2-CuSO4-N H3-N H4 Cl体系中,在铜质量浓度35～75 g/L、氯质量浓度35～80 g/L、p H 10．0～11．0、温度45℃、强化流动条件下,废杂铜的蚀刻速率为0．33 g/（min · L ）。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。