生鲜肉保鲜技术的发展与应用现状

肉类保鲜技术随着科学技术的发展,其领域也在不断扩展,到目前为止已经有了多种肉类保鲜技术,本文主要综述了鲜肉保鲜技术中的气调包装与真空包装的应用及研究现状后,提出今后研究的方向和现实意义,也是鲜肉保鲜发展的趋势。     

加强宣传引导 促进肉类消费革命——让“冷却肉”早日摆上大众的餐桌

多少年来,人们吃肉只知有鲜、冻之分,岂不知如今又有一种肉,既能保留鲜肉的色、香、味及营养价值,又能在一定条件下有较长保存期。这种既扬鲜肉、冻肉之长,又避鲜肉、冻肉之短的肉,就叫“冷却肉”。 肉类的消费,与社会的发展、科学技术的进步、人们消费质量的提高和消费观念的变化,都有着非常密切的关系。纵观我国几十年来肉类消费的变化,大体上经历了三个阶段,即“冷冻肉”“热鲜肉”和刚刚兴起的“冷却肉”。 新中国建立后的较长一段时期,生猪饲养方式落后,出栏率低,肉类产量不能满足人们消费的需要,直到     

浅议中国肉制品的发展趋势

肉类产业的发展方向 冷却肉被看好。近几年,我国肉类消费发生了明显的结构性变化,呈现从冷冻肉到热鲜肉,再从热鲜肉到冷却肉的过程。形成“热鲜肉广天下、冷冻肉争天下、冷却肉甲天下的”三足鼎立局面。冷却肉吸取了热鲜肉和冷冻肉的优点,又排除了两者的缺陷。保持了肉品新鲜度,肉嫩味美、营养价值较高。冷却肉的问世,被称     

壳聚糖及其在肉类保鲜中的应用研究

综述了壳聚糖的结构、性质、来源和防腐机理,以及在鲜肉、冷却肉和肉制品等肉类防腐保鲜中的应用现状、存在问题及发展前景,以期能为肉类的防腐研究有所帮助。     

21世纪的健康首选:冷却肉

近几年，我国肉类消费结构发生了明显的变化，呈现出从热鲜肉到冷冻肉，再从冷冻肉到冷却肉的发展趋势，形成了“热鲜肉广天下，冷冻肉争天下，冷却肉甲天下”的格局。冷却肉安全卫牛、风味佳、营养好，具有了鲜肉和冻肉的优点，又排除了两者的缺陷，深受消费者的欢迎，有放心肉之称，市场反映强烈，发展势头迅猛，有关专家断言，冷却肉将成为21世纪中国生肉消费的主流。     

真空热缩包装技术在我国鲜肉保鲜工业中的发展

肉类的真空热缩包装技术就是将整理好的分割肉放入袋内,抽掉空气,然后真空包装,接着放进热水中或吹热风,使包装袋受热收缩,紧贴于肉面。成为肉的“第二层皮”。本文就我国鲜肉行业的现状、鲜肉的变质机理、真空热缩包装技术的特点。国内外该技术在鲜肉保鲜中的应用分析,预测在不久的将来真空热缩包装技术在我国鲜肉保鲜工业中将被广泛推广和应用。     

冷却肉将成为我国未来生肉消费主流

近几年,伴随着冷却肉在广州、北京、上海等大中城市的出现,我国肉类消费结构形成了“热鲜肉广天下,冷冻肉争天下,冷却肉甲天下”的三分天下的格局,但在食品安全日益受人瞩目的今天,冷却肉一枝独秀,已吸引了越来越多的消费者的青     

步入WTO的中国冷却肉

近几年,伴随着冷却肉在广州、北京、上海等大中城市的出现,我国肉类消费结构形成了“热鲜肉广天下,冷冻肉争天下,冷却肉甲天下”的三分天下的格局。但在食品安全日益受人瞩目的今天,冷却肉一枝独秀,已吸引了越来越多消费者的青睐。2004年的一项行业研究结果显示,在我国收入较高的发达城市,冷却肉已占到人均年消费肉量的10％～15％。冷却肉的问世曾被称为“肉类消费的革命”。     

气调包装(MAP)在冷却肉保鲜中的应用

相比热鲜肉、冷冻肉,冷却肉具有安全系数高,营养价值高,保质期长的特点,是目前国外广泛应用的生鲜肉类销售形式,气调包装应用于冷却肉保鲜,能大大延长肉的保质期,并能很好地保持肉的色泽,本文阐述了气调包装保鲜机理及气体组分的研究进展,论述了气调包装的工艺要点及其设备发展现状,分析并提出了气调包装应用于冷却肉保鲜的关键技术和应用前景。     

再论冷却肉

再论冷却肉王英若（中国肉类食品综合研究中心，北京１０００７５）笔者从１９７８年开始撰写文章向国人介绍冷却肉，并与有关科研人员一起进行了“热鲜肉直接上市”、“热鲜肉、冷却肉和冻结肉保水能力的研究”以及“肉的成熟”等课题的试验研究工作。１９８２年开展了用...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the