黄曲霉毒素分解酶基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

通过GenBank公布的黄曲霉毒素分解酶基因序列,合成ADTZ基因引物。从发霉的玉米样品中提取混合菌液,经菌液PCR扩增,筛选ADTZ基因片段,构建表达载体,将目的基因转化到大肠杆菌中,并进行诱导表达。通过SDS-PAGE检测表达产物大小和浓度。通过酶解试验检测表达产物对AFB1的降解能力。结果成功从发霉玉米混菌悬液中扩增到ADTZ基因,该基因序列全长2 088 bp,与已报道的ADTZ基因相似度达到99%。该基因可在大肠杆菌中进行融合表达,表达产物蛋白大小为118.5 kDa。重组大肠杆菌培养后获得的粗酶液可降解发霉玉米中的AFB1,降解率达到77.69%。     

Activity of two histidine decarboxylases from Photobacterium phosphoreum at different temperatures, pHs, and NaCl concentrations

The major causative agent of scombroid poisoning is histamine formed by bacterial decarboxylation of histidine. The authors reported previously that histamine was exclusively formed by the psychrotrophic halophilic bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum in scombroid fish during storage at or below 10 degrees C. Moreover, histamine-forming ability was affected by two histidine decarboxylases: constitutive and inducible enzymes. This article reports the effect of various growth and reaction conditions, such as temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration, on the activity of two histidine decarboxylases that were isolated and separated by gel chromatography from cell-free extracts of P. phosphoreum. The histidine decarboxylase activity of the cell-free extracts was highest in 7 degrees C culture; in 5% NaCl, culture growth was inhibited, and growth was best in the culture grown at pH 6.0. Moreover, percent activity of the constitutive and inducible enzymes was highest for the inducible enzyme in cultures grown at 7 degrees C and pH 7.5 and in 5% NaCl. The temperature and pH dependences of histidine decarboxylase differed between the constitutive and inducible enzymes; that is, the activity of histidine decarboxylases was optimum at 30 degrees C and pH 6.5 for the inducible enzyme and 40 degrees C and pH 6.0 for the constitutive enzyme. The differences in the temperature and pH dependences between the two enzymes extended the activity range of histidine decarboxylase under reaction conditions. On the other hand, histidine decarboxylase activity was optimum in 0% NaCl for the two enzymes. Additionally, the effects of reaction temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration on the constitutive enzyme activity of the cell-free extracts were almost the same as those on the whole histidine decarboxylase activity of the cell-free extracts, suggesting that the constitutive enzyme activity reflected the whole histidine decarboxylase activity.     

康氏木霉纤维素酶CBHI基因克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

将康氏木霉(Trichoderma koningii)总RNA反转录成cDNA第一链,并以之为模板进行RT-PCR,合成约1.5kb的纤维二糖水解酶Ⅰ(cbh I)基因.cbhI基因经测序确认后克降到表达载体pET-30a(+)上,PCR和双酶切鉴定筛选阳性重组子;将阳性质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)plysS,并用0.4mmol/L的IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白.实验结果:cbhI基因在BL21(DE3)plysS中胞内融合表达,重组蛋白pNPC酶活为15.6U/L,最适反应温度为45℃,最适pH值为5.0,Mn2+对酶活力有明显的促进作用,SDS-PAGE表明重组蛋白分子量约为70kDa.     

海洋细菌低温葡萄糖氧化酶基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

为解决细菌葡萄糖氧化酶(glucose oxidase,GOD)活力较低的问题,提取和纯化了实验室保藏海洋细菌Citrobacters sp. 8-III的基因组DNA,并与现存GOD基因比对获得目的序列,以此序列为模板获得GOD基因。将人工合成并密码子优化的GOD基因亚克隆至载体p ET28a(+),构建重组表达载体p ET28a(+)-GOD并转化到E. coli BL21(DE3)中实现表达。经镍柱亲和层析得到较纯的重组GOD,并对其进行酶学性质研究。实验成功构建了产GOD的E. coli BL21(DE3)/p ET-28a(+)-GOD,目的蛋白约46 k Da。重组GOD酶活为2. 04 U/m L,该酶最适作用温度为25℃;最适作用p H为6. 0; K~+、Ni~(2+)对GOD的活性有明显促进作用;重组GOD添加至饲料中可加快雏鸡生长,且具备一定防腐功效。该研究首次将海洋细菌GOD基因导入大肠杆菌中,开拓GOD外源表达新的宿主。同时重组GOD具备低温酶特性,为其在饲料添加剂和低温领域应用奠定了基础。     

Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression in Escherichia coli of gene encoding N-Benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase from Geotrichum capitatum

The gene encoding N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession no. AB294179), a useful biocatalyst for producing (S)-N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol, was cloned from the genomic DNA of Geotrichum capitatum JCM 3908. The gene contained an open reading frame consisting of 1023 nucleotides corresponding to 340 amino acid residues. The subunit molecular weight was calculated to be 39,000. The predicted amino acid sequence did not have significant similarity to those of N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinone reductases reported previously. From 30 mM N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinone, (S)-N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol was obtained with a yield >99.9% and an enantiomeric excess >99.9% in 1-h and 2-h reactions without NADH addition by the resting cells of Escherichia coli HB 101 strains harboring the expression plasmids pSG-POBS and pSF-POBS that possess the glucose dehydrogenase gene and formate dehydrogenase gene as an NADH-reproducing system, respectively, besides the N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase gene. N-Benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol dehydrogenase activity (0.56 U/mg) was observed in E. coli (pSG-POBS), which was 17-fold the specific activity observed in G. capitatum JCM 3908.     

Cloning of a thermostable xylanase from Actinomadura sp. S14 and its expression in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris

A thermophilic xylan-degrading Actinomadura sp. S14 was isolated from compost in Thailand. Hemicellulase activities such as endo-1,4-β-xylanase, β-xylosidase and α-arabinofuranosidase were induced with xylan-containing agriculture wastes and oat spelt xylan. The gene encoding xylanase consisting of 687bp was cloned from Actinomadura sp. S14. The deduced amino acid sequence contained a signal peptide of 41 amino acids and a probable mature xylanase of 188 amino acids. An open reading frame (xynS14) corresponding to a mature xylanase was expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. The specific activity of purified XynS14 (P. pastoris) was 2.4-fold higher than XynS14 (E. coli). Both XynS14s showed the same basic properties such as optimal pH and temperature (pH 6.0 and 80°C) and stability in a broad pH range (pH 5.0-11.0) and at high temperatures up to 80°C. Both XynS14s showed approximately the same substrate specificity and K(m) values toward various xylans, but XynS14 (P. pastoris) showed higher V(max) and K(cat) than XynS14 (E. coli). Higher specific activities of XynS14 (P. pastoris) may be due to protein-folding in the host. Purified XynS14 showed more endo-1,4-β-xylanase activity on xylan and xylooligosaccharides than on xylotriose.     

兔血清对氧磷酶基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达纯化

利用RT-PCR扩增新西兰大白兔肝脏PON1编码区全长序列,克隆入表达载体pET32a中,构建了重组表达载体pET32a-PON1,转化大肠杆菌获得表达菌株.SDS-PAGE表明该重组表达蛋白具有部分可溶性,酶活测定结果显示该可溶性蛋白具有降解芳香酯酶和内酯酶的活性.该研究实现了兔血清对氧磷酶在大肠杆菌中的功能性表达,并获得了纯化的蛋白,为下一步对氧磷酶PON1的功能研究奠定基础.     

转谷氨酰胺酶酶原在大肠杆菌中的重组优化表达

茂原链霉菌(Streptomyces mobaraensis)转谷氨酰胺酶酶原(pro-transglutaminase,pro-TG)在重组大肠杆菌中的表达量低,限制了其在食品、化妆品、纺织行业中的应用。通过对转谷氨酰胺酶酶原的基因序列进行密码子优化,降低其GC含量,提高了它在大肠杆菌中的表达水平,结果表明经优化后转谷氨酰胺酶原的表达量达到了优化前的4.4倍。为提高转谷氨酰胺酶的比活力,通过基于融合PCR的定点突变技术将转谷氨酰胺酶第二位的丝氨酸突变为脯氨酸,突变后转谷氨酰胺酶的比活力达到了突变前的1.26倍。上述研究结果表明,密码子优化及定点突变技术可以应用于优化转谷氨酰胺酶酶原在大肠杆菌中的表达。     

Cloning and sequencing of the malate synthase gene from Hansenula polymorpha

We have cloned the MAS gene, encoding the microbody matrix enzyme malate synthase (EC 4.1.3.2.) from the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. The gene was isolated by screening of a genomic library with a mixed-sequence probe, based on the partial amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.4-kilobase stretch of DNA covering the MAS gene was determined. The gene contains an open reading frame of 555 amino acids, amounting to a calculated molecular mass of 63,254 for the encoded protein. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with the malate synthase sequences of Escherichia coli, Brassica napus L. and Cucumis sativus L. clearly establishes the homology of all four proteins. Compared to the soluble enzyme from E. coli, the malate synthases from H. polymorpha and both plant species, which are located in the microbodies, have a short carboxy-terminal extension. In the plant malate synthases, the extension is probably involved in routing to the microbodies, since it contains the potential peroxisomal targeting signal, Ser-Arg/Lys-Leu, at the carboxy terminus. The H. polymorpha enzyme terminates with similar amino acids, but their sequence, Ser-Leu-Lys, does not conform to any of the known peroxisomal targeting signals.     

Cloning and sequencing of the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene from Pachysolen tannophilus

A fragment of DNA from a yeast Pachysolen tannophilus, bearing the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene (OCTase, EC 2.1.3.3) has been cloned from a genomic library by functional complementation of the Escherichia coli OCT-negative mutant. The gene was located within the cloned segment of DNA and its coding sequence identified by DNA sequencing. This has indicated that P. tannophilus OCT gene encodes a 347 amino acid polypeptide, which shows 60% identity to the homologous Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein. The amino acid composition of its N-terminus indicates that this protein is translocated across the mitochondrial membrane. The gene can be expressed in E. coli as well as in S. cerevisiae. Comparison with other OCTases confirms a high degree of conservation among these proteins.     

耐热纤维素酶在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及酶学特性分析

将来源于热纤梭菌(Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405)的编码内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶的结构基因(celD)分别插入到pHsh和pET两个表达系统,分别得到质粒pHsh-celD和pET-20b-celD。将重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIL中表达,在pET系统表达时形成包涵体,采用热激表达系统pHsh在大肠杆菌表达时实现了纤维素酶的可溶性表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示,该重组酶的分子质量为66kD,与理论值相符。纯化的纤维素酶的最适反应pH为5.4,在特性不同的pH条件下60℃保温30 min,重组纤维素酶在5.4~7.8的pH范围内比较稳定,在75℃下酶的半衰期约为1 h,Ca2+可以增强酶活,而EDTA则会抑制酶的活性。基于热激载体pHsh的重组表达系统具有诱导表达简便、诱导方式廉价的优点,且重组酶热稳定性非常好,这对该酶的大规模发酵应用具有重要意义。     

Cloning and sequencing of an exoglucanase gene from Streptomyces sp. M 23, and its expression in Streptomyces lividans TK-24

A gene encoding exoglucanase (CBHII) of Streptomyces sp. M 23 was cloned and sequenced. The cbhII gene consisted of 1359 bp capable of encoding a polypeptide of 453 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 45,175 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence showed homology with those of cellulases belonging to family 6 of the glycosyl hydrolases. The cbhII gene was subcloned into the plasmid pSEV1 and expressed in Streptomyces lividans TK-24. The transformed cells were able to secrete the enzyme efficiently in an active form. The CBHII expressed by S. lividans TK-24 was purified to homogeneity by SDS-polyacrylamide gel and characterized. The recombinant CBHII was stable up to 50 degrees C and more than 30% of the original activity remained after heating at 100 degrees C for 10 min. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the recombinant CBHII was identified as GPAAPTARVD. These results agreed well with the properties of the authentic CBHII.     

Molecular cloning and expression of uricase gene from Arthrobacter globiformis in Escherichia coli and characterization of the gene product

Arthrobacter globiformis FERM BP-360 produces uricase (urate oxidase; EC 1.7.3.3) intracellularly. A genomic library of the bacterium, prepared in the plasmid vector pUC118, was screened with probes based on the amino acid sequence of the purified uricase. We found that a chimeric plasmid in the library, designated pUOD1, carries a 2.0-kb DNA insert from the Arthrobacter DNA that hybridizes with the probe. The DNA insert contains an ORF consisting of 302 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 33,858. The protein translated from the ORF displays the highest identity (67%) to uricase from a bacterium, Cellulomonas flavigena. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the Arthrobacter uricase contains copper ion. However, we found that the catalytic activity of uricase is inhibited by the excessive addition of copper ion. Although the production of A. globiformis uricase is induced by the addition of uric acid to the culture medium, Escherichia coli harboring pUOD1 produced 20-fold higher uricase than the original Arthrobacter strain, even without an inducer.     

橙色红曲菌乳清苷-5'-磷酸脱羧酶基因的克隆

根据已报道的真菌乳清苷-5-磷酸脱羧酶(pyrG)氨基酸序列,采用CODEHOP策略设计简并引物,从橙色红曲菌(Monascus aurantiacus)的基因组DNA中克隆得到pyrG基因片段.然后运用PCR法筛选橙色红曲菌Fosmid文库,获得了pyrG基因全长(GenBank登录号:GU723506).经过blastx比较发现,橙色红曲菌pyrG基因与Aspergillusflaw NRRL3357的氨基酸序列同源性最高,达到81%.该基因能够作为筛选标记应用于橙色红曲菌同源转化系统.     

噬夏孢欧文氏菌(Erwinia uredovora)类胡萝卜素合成相关基因crtE的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

噬夏孢欧文氏菌基因crtE编码GGPP合成酶。通过PCR扩增获得crtE基因,克隆进表达载体,构建表达质粒pET-15bcrtE。重组质粒转化E.coli BL21(DE3),构建工程菌;重组GGPP合成酶在大肠杆菌中实现了高效表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的42%。重组蛋白以包含体形式存在,包含体经洗涤、尿素溶解、复性并经镍离子亲和层析树脂纯化,得到了电泳纯的重组噬夏孢欧文氏菌GGPP合成酶,带有His-tag的该蛋白分子量为34kDa,pI值为6.3。     

Cloning of an epoxide hydrolase-encoding gene from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and functional expression in Yarrowia lipolytica

Epoxide hydrolases (EHs), especially those of fungal origin, have the ability to catalyse the enantioselective hydrolysis of epoxides to their corresponding diols. Recombinant DNA technology has been used extensively to overproduce these catalysts for the efficient hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epoxides, which serve as high-value intermediates in the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries. Degenerate primers, based on data from available EH-encoding gene sequences, in conjunction with inverse PCR, were used to amplify the genomic EH-encoding gene from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The 2347 bp genomic sequence revealed a 1979 bp ORF containing nine introns. The cDNA sequence revealed an 1185 bp EH-encoding gene that translates into a 394 amino acid protein exhibiting low sequence homology towards the known EH proteins. The EH gene from R. mucilaginosa was functionally expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica using a constitutive integrative expression cassette. Whole-cell biotransformation of (2,3-epoxypropyl)benzene, using the recombinant EH, revealed activity and selectivity far superior to any other activity and selectivity reported in literature using wild-type organisms. The GenBank Accession No. for the R. mucilaginosa EH gene is AY627310.     

Cloning and sequencing of the Pz-peptidase gene from Bacillus licheniformis N22

Pz-peptidase is an endopeptidase that cleaves the synthetic substrate Pz-peptide (4-phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Arg), which was originally developed for the assay of collagenase. The Pz-peptidase gene of Bacillus licheniformis N22 was cloned and sequenced. The gene consists of 628 amino acids with a motif for zinc-dependent metalloprotease, and shares 42% amino acid identity with the oligoendopeptidase of Lactococcus lactis. This is the first report on the gene structure of a Pz-peptidase.     

Cloning and sequencing of the deacetylase gene from Vibrio alginolyticus H-8

A gene encoding deacetylase DA1 that is specific for N, N'-diacetylchitobiose was cloned using the shot-gun method with pUC118 and sequenced. The open reading frame encoded a protein of 427 amino acids including the signal peptide. The molecular mass of the mature enzyme estimated from the amino acid sequence data was 44.7 kDa, which is approximately similar to that, estimated by SDS-PAGE (48.0 kDa), of the purified enzyme reported previously. The N-terminal amino acid sequence deduced from the cloned deacetylase gene showed partial sequence homology with the Nod B protein from Rhizobium sp. (37% identity) and chitin deacetylase from Mucor rouxii (28%). It contained a domain, which showed homology with a chitin-binding domain of chitinase A from Bacillus circulans (39%).