食（药）用蕈菌中高抑菌活性菌株筛选及培养基优化

对4个不同属24株食(药)用蕈菌对11株指示菌抑菌活性进行研究,通过初筛模型,从中筛选出3株功能菌,6株指示菌。对初筛菌株进一步复筛,确定功能菌株H2与枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌为培养基优化的出发菌株和指示菌。通过响应面分析优化培养基配方,结果表明,当麦芽糖40.9g/L、蛋白胨11.2g/L、KH2PO4 2.1g/L、MgSO4 ·7H2O 1.1g/L时,H2对枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性均较理想,其抑菌圈半径分别达到3.513、4.610、8.800mm。     

地衣芽孢杆菌MYS68的鉴定及发酵培养基优化

对筛选出的MYS68菌株进行了16SrDNA序列分析鉴定,确定该菌为地衣芽孢杆菌。为了得到地衣芽孢杆菌MYS68发酵培养基的最佳配方组分,试验采用单因素试验和正交试验优化其摇瓶发酵培养基。结果表明,碳源和氮源对地衣芽孢杆菌发酵影响的显著性次序为:玉米粉豆饼粉蛋白胨酵母膏。发酵培养基的最佳组分和配比为:玉米粉0.5%,蛋白胨1.0%,豆饼粉0.3%,酵母膏0.5%,硫酸锰0.001%,磷酸二氢钾0.1%,硫酸镁0.02%,起始pH值为7.5。此条件下发酵液的菌体浓度可达2.11×109 CFU/ml,经检测芽孢率为96%。说明地衣芽胞杆菌发酵培养基的最佳配比可在一定程度上提高地衣芽孢杆菌发酵液的菌体浓度和芽孢率。     

聚γ-谷氨酸高产突变株的选育及摇瓶发酵条件

对地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslicheniformis)进行亚硝基胍和60Co诱变,获得一株γ PGA的高产菌株C9.γ PGA质量浓度由9.44g/L提高到19.76g/L,提高了109%.突变株传代10次,质量浓度保持基本稳定.通过正交试验和单因素试验对发酵培养基及发酵条件进行了优化.当发酵培养基中含柠檬酸12g/L、甘油80g/L、L 谷氨酸23g/L、氯化铵7g/L,pH7.0,装液量为50mL/250mL三角瓶,接种体积分数为5%时,37℃摇瓶发酵72h,γ PGA达到23.32g/L.     

一株芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其在发酵酱渣研究中的应用

从酱渣中筛选分离出一株芽孢菌株,通过生理生化实验以及16SrDNA鉴定其为地衣芽孢杆菌,将该菌种应用于发酵酱渣研究,表明用液态发酵方式较好,当酱渣与玉米淀粉比例为1∶1时,获得的活菌数较多。对添加辅料元素进行正交实验优化结果表明,当培养基中MgSO₄为3g/L,MnSO₄为2g/L,CaCO₃为3g/L时,培养基中的活菌数最多,为6.55×10⁹cfu/mL。     

地衣芽孢杆菌在麸曲中产中性蛋白酶发酵工艺条件的研究

对地衣芽孢杆菌在细菌麸曲培养过程中的最佳培养基和最佳培养条件进行了研究。结果表明,地衣芽孢杆菌麸曲产中性蛋白酶的最佳培养基为:玉米粉8g/L,黄豆粉2g/L,麸皮10g/L;最佳培养条件为:温度40℃,pH7.0,接种量10%,培养60h时,产中性蛋白酶活力达到最大,为192U/mL。     

嗜热β-葡聚糖酶产生菌的筛选及其培养基优化研究

以大麦β-葡聚糖为唯一碳源,从吐鲁番地区采集的土样中筛选到1株热稳定性β-葡聚糖酶产生菌株XTP-5,经初步鉴定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。对该菌株产酶培养基优化实验结果表明:最佳培养基配方:麦糟粉20g/L、酵母粉4/L、K2HPO41.0g/L、NaCl0.5g/L、FeSO·47H2O0.01g/L、MgSO·47H2O0.5g/L、(NH4)2SO42.0g/L、Tween-800.06%。接种上述液体培养基(pH7.0)中,于37℃、180r/min摇瓶培养60h达到产酶高峰,酶活力可达9.52U/mL。     

地衣芽孢杆菌发酵淀粉产乳酸条件的优化

主要研究地衣芽孢杆菌转化淀粉生产乳酸的发酵条件。从北京郊区土壤中筛选到一株可发酵淀粉等糖质原料生产乳酸的地衣芽孢杆菌WX51,通过单因素及正交试验,确定了其最佳培养基组成为可溶性淀粉40 g/L,硫酸铵0.5 g/L,KH2PO4 1.36 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.2g/L,FeSO4.7H2O 0.01g/L,NaCl 2g/L,玉米浆0.5g/L,CaCO3 20g/L;最佳培养条件为:250mL摇瓶装液10%,50℃、200 r/min培养40h、接种量2%。经优化后,该菌乳酸产量由28.4g/L提高为36.5g/L,淀粉的转化率由71.0%提高为91.2%,产酸速率由0.6g/(L.h)提高为0.9g/(L.h)。     

芽胞杆菌XM-1产酸性淀粉酶发酵条件研究

通过单因素试验及响应面分析,对基础发酵培养基配方进行了优化,确定了枯草芽孢杆菌XM-1产酸性α-淀粉酶液体发酵培养基的最佳配方为:可溶性淀粉8.1g/L,花生饼34.3g/L,NH.4NO3 6g/L,KH2PO4 3g/L,CaCl2·2H2O 2.94g/L,培养基起始pH值为5.0.菌株XM-1在优化后的培养基中发酵产酶达最高为534.2U/mL,约是优化前的2.2倍.     

地衣芽孢杆菌BL-5芽孢生成条件优化

地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）作为微生态制剂在食品或饲料工业中具有广泛的应用前景。通过温度对地衣芽孢杆菌BL-5致死率的影响研究得出无芽孢菌体的致死温度为75 ℃。以芽孢率和芽孢数为评价指标,得到地衣芽孢杆菌BL-5芽孢生成的最佳培养基配方为：蔗糖29.85 g/L、硫酸铵10.00 g/L、酵母膏3.00 g/L、磷酸氢二钾3.42 g/L、硫酸镁1.5 g/L、pH 8.0。最佳培养条件为：接种量5%、发酵时间48 h,发酵温度30 ℃、转速150 r/min。     

γ-氨基丁酸产生菌的筛选及培养基优化

采用纸层析法对南京地区多个不同场所采集的土样进行了菌种分离纯化,筛选到一株产γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）的菌株X-1,经形态特征与16S rDNA序列分析鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌。通过单因素和正交试验对其发酵培养基进行优化,得到最佳培养基成分为葡萄糖30.0 g/L、蛋白胨30.0 g/L、K2HPO4 0.6 g/L、磷酸吡哆醇0.3 g/L、L-谷氨酸钠10.0 g/L、NaNO3 3.0 g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g/L、FeSO4·7H2O 0.01 g/L。在此条件下,GABA浓度可达21.57 mmol/L,比优化前GABA浓度提高了3.83 倍。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the