支持顾客细分策略的用户需求分析方法研究

通过对产品的使用过程进行分析 ,提出了用户需求可表示为用户、环境及操作的函数 ,并且指出全面地获取用户需求的关键在于从用户、环境、操作三个维度扩展需求空间。这种方法能够有效地支持新兴的规模定制生产模式所要求的顾客细分策略 ,并对需求分析阶段的产品建模具有重要的意义。     

Solving the multiple platforms configuration problem

The focus of manufacturing has been shifting from mass production to mass customization and producers are seeking ways to reduce production costs, still offering a competitive basket of products. One approach for implementing mass customization is to develop or produce products based on platform architecture. Variant products make use of the product platform as the starting point and then add or remove components to change features of the base product. This allows the manufacturer to offer the variety of products that meet market demands without developing each product independently. In this paper, we propose multiple platforms for the production of a given product family while minimizing the overall production cost. The methodology considers the demand for each product variant, with the decision variables as the optimal number of platforms, optimal configuration of each platform, and assignment of the products to the platforms. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer program, and both the optimal formulation and an evolutionary strategy based on Genetic Algorithm are presented. The approach is illustrated with an example from a family of cordless drills.     

MC程度的量化及关键定制技术的矩阵模型

分别从概念层面和技术层面对大规模定制的程度及定制生产的关键技术进行了量化分析.通过对定制产品功能属性的相关指标进行量化,设定"大规模"与"定制"程度的衡量标准,为确定"大规模"与"定制"的最佳契合水平提供了量化依据;针对产品设计建立矩阵模型,可在定制过程中有效地利用顾客要求得到个性化的设计方案.     

Impact analysis of customized demand information sharing on supply chain performance

In today's dynamic market environment, rapidly changing customer preferences increase the customization of products and the diversification of demand mix. Companies should understand how the demand mix influences supply chain performance and react properly to fulfil customer satisfaction as to what the customers want. This paper investigated the impact of information sharing of the demand mix on the supply chain performance, under increasing product customization, by changing customer demand pattern and production capacity. The results of simulation analysis demonstrated that a demand mix can be determined that produces the best supply chain performance. A real multi-echelon automotive supply chain was analysed for each of six performance measures and the demand mix information significantly influenced five of them. Demand variation and production capacity also resulted in significant impact on the performance measures.     

支持大批量定制的Web2．0技术

大批量定制正在成为制造业的主流生产模式．本文研究表明Web2．0技术特点与大批量定制的需求能够较好的吻合,例如,Web2．0技术能够帮助企业提高客户需求获取能力,以便为客户提供更好的个性化服务;Web2．0技术能够更有效地支持企业间的零部件资源共享,以便降低产品成本,缩短交货期;Web2．0技术能够支持标准协同建设,提高企业的协同能力,促进产品的模块化．     

基于优化的产品平台参数规划方法

 为满足客户化和全球竞争的需求,企业要实现大规模定制(mass customization,MC).基于公共产品平台的产品族设计是实现大规模定制的一种有效方式,而平台规划是面向产品族设计方法学的核心内容,也是目前研究中的一个热点问题.基于模型参数的平台设计是其方法之一.针对基于一系列标准可变参数的产品平台,用优化方法对产品平台参数进行规划,以满足各种客户需求.该规划方法无需事先人为指定,而是在满足客户需求的前提下,尽可能提高产品族中设计变量的共性,从而确定最好的产品平台的公共参数及其最优值,以及个性参数及其变化值,并以带式输送机为例验证了该方法.     

面向DLM模式的商品族架构和商品配置管理模型

为解决制造商主导的在线大规模定制模式无法满足顾客在线比较不同品牌商品功能和结构各类属性等问题。提出了经销商主导的在线大规模定制模式,从探讨顾客表达需求的方式和习惯入手,引入了功能配置元和结构配置元的概念,搭建顾客需求与产品功能结构之间的信息依赖模型。基于经销商视角构建商品族架构模型和客户化商品配置管理模型,定义出经销商商品配置模型和在线配置过程之间的依赖关系,构建出在线配置过程模型。通过案例证明了模型的可行性和有效性。     

关于产品批量化定制的思考

区分了完全定制和批量化定制的概念,澄清了笼统的定制概念在产品功能设计和制作成本上的混乱局面,指出完全定制和批量化定制在产品设计与生产组织方式上均有本质的区别,批量化定制通过减小客户工程,同时扩大标准件和容易实现定制的零件比例来降低成本,从而使产品有较大变化时,其成本基本保持不变或仅有小幅增长,还分析了影响批量化定制产品成本的因素,为控制成本提供了依据。     

大规模定制模式下定制程度的优选分析

大规模定制运用于生产时,定制程度可作为功能的个性化程度.从制造设计的角度来看,定制化产品的类设计参数与类功能需求间存在映射关系,而类功能需求可由定制程度予以表达后进行加权评分;从顾客认可和销售利润来看,顾客对定制化产品的认可可借以顾客满意度来反应,如果针对具体的产品,顾客满意度和产品销售利润均可找到以定制程度为变量的拟合函数.因此,在追求类功能需求评分、顾客满意度和利润函数值尽可能高的目的下,可以求出定制程度的最优解.     

面向在线大规模定制的产品配置元类型识别方法

产品在线大规模定制模式已经成为可能和未来发展的趋势.从顾客产品需求分类入手,探讨了各类配置元的识别方法和模型.给出产品配置元类型结构的几何解释,并综合考虑产品类型和企业在线大规模定制综合能力的影响,提出了在线定制服务提供商的产品配置元结构优化策略.最后以一款摩托车产品为例,详细探讨了产品各类配置元的识别过程,证明了所述...     

Effective relational database approach to represent bills-of-materials

Today's production systems are under the pressure of mass customization where customer orders may result in an explosive number of product variations. Handling information related to materials and components becomes a complex issue with the increasing variability. This paper presents an effective approach to handle product information in a relational database environment for multi-product and multi-process production systems. The approach presented in this paper aims to reduce the efforts when defining products to the production systems for the purpose of generating bills-of-materials (BOMs) and executing material requirements planning (MRP). Two algorithms are presented in this paper. The first algorithm is to retrieve information from the relational database environment to generate the BOMs. The second algorithm calculates the material requirements for all products in a customer order list. Examples are chosen from textiles since complications related to the MRP issues are at a greater extent in this branch of the industry.     

面向客户的产品规模定制设计及其应用

讨论产品设计过程中的基本模块，并提出规模定制设计的概念。面向客户的产品设计的核心是开发面向规模定制的产品族结构，实现与统一的产品开发和送货机制的后期集成。介绍了产品族结构的特点，以及明确产品族结构的步骤。同时给出了一个规模定制设计的研究实例。     

Control of a manufacturing system with random product yield and downward substitutability

We consider a manufacturing system where the quality of the end product is uncertain and is graded into one of several quality levels after production. We assume stochastic demand for each quality level, stochastic production times, and random quality yields. We also assume downward substitutability (i.e., customers who require a given product will be satisfied by a higher quality product at the same price). The firm produces to stock and has the option to refuse satisfying customers even when it has items in stock. We formulate this problem as a Markov Decision Process in the context of a simple M/M/1 make-to-stock queue with multiple customer classes to gain insight into the following questions: (i) how does the firm decide when to produce more units (i.e., what is the optimal production policy?) and (ii) how does the firm decide when to accept/reject orders and when to satisfy customers demanding lower quality products using higher quality products? In the case of two product classes, we completely characterize the structure of the optimal production and acceptance/substitution policies. However, the structure of the optimal policy is complicated and we therefore develop a simple heuristic policy for any number of classes which performs very well. We finally extend our heuristic to the system where production occurs in batches of size of larger than one, the system where there is a setup cost for initiating production, and the case where processing time distribution is Erlang.     

基于价值-成本模型的大规模定制生产模式

基于客户满意度的价值指数和学习曲线的成本指数等概念,构建了价值-成本模型,以此对不同程度的大规模定制生产模式进行了定量分析,并与其他生产模式进行了比较;用定量的方法揭示了大规模定制生产模式的本质.     

A review of mass customization across marketing, engineering and distribution domains toward development of a process framework

Introduced nearly 25 years ago, the paradigm of mass customization (MC) has largely not lived up to its promise. Despite great strides in information technology, engineering design practice and manufacturing production, the necessary process innovations that can produce products and systems with sufficient customization and economic efficiency have yet to be found in wide application. In this paper, the state-of-the-art in MC is explored in the context of an envisioned MC development process for both the firm and the customer. Specifically, 130 references are reviewed within the process frameworks (Sect. 3) and/or to highlight opportunities for future development in MC (Sect. 4) based on the review. This review yields opportunities in four primary areas that challenge MC development: (1) customer needs and preference assessment tools, (2) approaches for requirement specification and conceptual design, (3) insights from methodologies focused on the development of durable MC goods and (4) enhancements in information mapping and handling.     

Optimal production plan for a multi-products manufacturing system with production rate dependent failure rate

This study deals with the problem of dependence between production and failure rates in the context of a multi-product manufacturing system. It provides an answer about how to produce (i.e. the production rates) and what to produce (i.e. which product) over a finite horizon of H periods of equal length. We consider a single randomly failing and repairable manufacturing system producing two products P_a and P_b . The product P_a is produced to supply the strategic demand d(k) of the principal customer via a buffer stock S over k periods (k?=?1,?2,?…?,?H). The second product P_b is produced to meet a secondary but very profitable demand. It is produced during a given interval at the end of each period k. We develop a genetic algorithm to determine simultaneously the optimal production rate of the first product during each period k and the optimal duration of the production interval of the second product, maximising the total expected profit.     

Fuzzy scheduling of a build-to-order supply chain

The overwhelming majority of the literature in the area of supply chain planning and scheduling considers the traditional make-to-stock (MTS) environment. However, manufacturers of assembled products such as cars, computers, furniture, etc. adopt the build-to-order supply chain (BOSC) to become agile in a mass customization process in order to meet diversified customer requirements. In this paper we propose an integrated production–distribution planning model for a multi-echelon, multi-plant and multi-product supply chain operating in a build-to-order (BTO) environment. The uncertainties associated with estimation of the various operational cost parameters are represented by fuzzy numbers. The BOSC scheduling model is thus constructed as a mixed-integer fuzzy programming (MIFP) problem with the goal of reducing the overall operating costs related to component fabrication, procurement, assembling, inspection, logistics and inventory, while improving customer satisfaction by allowing product customization and meeting delivery promise dates at each market outlet. An efficient compromise solution approach by transforming the problem into an auxiliary multi-objective linear programming model is also suggested.     

基于大批量定制生产的产品生成模式与优化模型

有关大批量定制生产的研究大多数还处于基本概念、基本原理和方法论阶段。为了给企业提供真正有效的解决方案,依照离散型制造系统生产机理,从对象维和过程维的二维角度,提出了基于大批量定制生产的通用结构模式,探讨了产品全寿命周期的业务流程优化方向,构建了大批量定制生产的优化数学模型。该模型对于离散型制造业具有普遍适用性。     

基于用户画像与协同过滤的大规模定制智能推荐算法研究

大规模定制模式的兴起与发展有效缓解了用户对差异化、个性化产品的需求与追求定制化产品成本高昂之间的矛盾。为更高效地辅助用户在大规模定制过程中做出满意的产品定制决策,对传统面向大规模定制的推荐算法进行相应改进,并结合大规模定制的特征,提出基于用户画像的定制方案推荐算法。选用基于物品的协同过滤算法作为基础推荐算法,引入大数据工具——用户画像模型对初始推荐结果进行二次过滤,以改善传统协同过滤推荐算法易忽视用户自身兴趣偏好特征的问题,提高用户定制体验与推荐精准性。给出手机产品定制案例,对产生最终推荐结果的整个过程进行模拟与分析,验证该推荐算法的有效性和可行性。     

面向大规模定制的外圆磨床定制设计

随着市场全球化的发展和竞争程度的不断加剧，原有的大批量生产模式逐渐被大规模定制模式所代替，面向大规模定制的产品族设计成为研究的重点，本文对基于Internet面向大规模定制模式下的外圆磨床设计方法进行了探讨，其实现过程主要包括两步：产品族模型的建立和产品实例的生成，并对该网络系统的实现进行了理论研究。