道路勘测实习教学实践思考

在分析目前道路勘测实习教学条件的基础上,对目前该实践教学普遍存在的几个教学问题在实践中的解决方式、方法进行了阐述,以期在宽口径、厚基础的教学计划设置条件下,满足重能力、求创新的培养目标,为道路勘测实习教学提供新思路和新方法。     

Rationalist Practice

Max Dudler's buildings, conceived as apparently autonomous and self-referential objects, nonetheless demonstrate a reciprocal relationship with the city and have, over the past two decades, presented a consistent Rationalist approach. Born in 1949 in Switzerland, Max Dudler studied architecture in Frankfurt/Main and Berlin. From 1981 to 1986 he worked in the office of OM Ungers on the projects for the Frankfurt trade fair, and has run his own practice, with offices in Berlin, Frankfurt and Zurich, since 1992. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“跨专业”“融合式”跟岗实习的管理与实践

跟岗实习作为职业院校实践教学的一种重要方式,在开展过程中存在一系列的问题。本文基于对商科类专业学生跟岗实习方面的共性的探讨,提出"跨专业""融合式"跟岗实习的思路,并通过严格遴选合作企业、学生跟岗志愿填报、企业一对一跟岗指导、跟踪回访与座谈等方式保障跟岗实习工作的顺利开展。     

Practice world

Vytantas Stankevi?ius, Head of the Laboratory of the Lithuanian Scientific Research Institute of Architecture and Construction, at Kaunas and his colleagues, J. Karbauskaité and G. Dapkus, report on the studies they have carried out on the microclimate of special services spaces which are distinguished by higher air temperatures and relative humidity of up to 80%. The authors confirm that higher thermotechnical standards should be set for such spaces.     

Practice world

Life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) is used to assign energy values to product flows in each phase of an activity's life cycle. In the case of a residential building, this usually comprises energy embodied in the manufacture of building materials, energy used in the building's operation, and in periodic maintenance. In order to place these amounts of energy in a national context, the energy embodied in other goods and services consumed by householders also needs to be considered. This paper uses LCEA to demonstrate the need for considering not only the life cycle energy of the building but also the life cycle energy attributable to activities being undertaken by actual users of the building. The life cycle energy of an Australian residential building as well as common activities of households are analysed and simulated over a 30 year period using a worked example of a two bedroom, brick-veneer, semi-detached unit. The importance of considering the energy embodied in the initial construction of a residential building as well as the consumption of goods and services by householders is demonstrated as having long-term implications. In order to encourage sustainable living practices it is suggested that architects more closely consider the activities of householders when designing residential buildings, especially in temperate climates. The paper concludes by identifying future areas of research for LCEA in the residential sector.

Les études de cycle de vie antérieures à: la construction ont tendance à omettre les phases situées après la démolition. Si le recyclage n'a pas été prévu, il n'est donc pas possible d'en évaluer les bénéfices. Une étude paramétrique portant sur une maison individuelle fait le point sur les économies d'énergie potentielles après la démolition rendues possibles par la réutilisation des divers matériaux de construction. Les résultats indiquent qu'il est peut être plus important de concevoir un bâtiment en vue de son recyclage que d'employer des matériaux exigeant peu d'énergie lors de la fabrication, ce qui fait que la mise au point d'un recyclage efficace dépend de sa prise en compte et de son intégration lors de la phase de conception; de cette façon la réutilisation et l'adaptation des éléments de base existants sont des composantes importantes de ce recyclage.     

图解的实践应用

建筑师在设计过程中会遇到两个关键性阶段.第一个阶段是接到设计任务后,面对众多杂乱的信息.如何理清思路？第二个阶段是确立了设计目标后,如何用具体的空间形式语言达到设计目标？     

Practice world

Despite the market significance of the ‘mobile home’ — which is in fact a factory-made dwelling that can be transported as a complete unit for permanent location on a site — the technology involved has attracted little interest from the orthodox building industry. A research and development project in America, ‘Project Manufactured Housing Industry’ (PMHI), suggests that such disinterest is misplaced.

We invited the author to explain some of the possible lessons to be drawn from the project. He discusses here how alternative materials and different structural concepts — such as post and beam, stressed skin and monolithic volumetric components — are compatible with the already cost-effective technology and offer potential for the use of these factory-made units in higher-density and high-rise forms.

Professor Bernhardt is President of the consultancy firm PIIHS which is responsible for the R &; D project described.     

Practice world

ABSTRACT

Heritage buildings are valuable assets to the community. Thus, they require continuous monitoring to preserve their values. But, in many cases, these values are influenced negatively due to improper interventions. Cultural heritage significance is a core value that should be preserved. Therefore, this study focuses on examining the impact of physical alterations on this value to detect the failures in conservation practice in Khartoum. Through this research, three selected cases of the colonial era are evaluated according to the cultural heritage criteria. Conservation experts of architectural, archaeological, and civil engineering backgrounds are interviewed for this evaluation. Then, the outcomes are analysed to diagnose intervention problems. They reveal that the most negatively impacted values are architectural, aesthetic, and technical. Failures are the results of legislative problems, the lack of awareness, end users’ interference, the unqualified workmanship, political interests, and community exclusion. Hence, this paper provides suggestions to enhance future practice.