Surfactants-aided syntheses of different sizes and triangular shape of gold nanoparticles using trisodium citrate in environmentally friendly and photoinduced methods

We prepared gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by only using trisodium citrate as the stabilizer. The detailed reaction mechanisms of S(N)1 and E1 reactions are examined and evidenced in this study by FTIR data. Citric acid is a kind of tertiary substrate. In aqueous solution, the substitution nucleophile path 1 (S(N)1) reaction and Elimination path 1 (E1) reaction usually occur simultaneously. Chloride ions, the substitution nucleophile, play a very important role to launch the mechanisms of S(N)1 and E1 reactions. Controlling the concentration of the chloride ions with the addition of HCl(aq) according to Le Chatelier theory, the average particle size of Au NPs (5.5 nm) was achieved to overcome the minimum limited size (approximately 10 nm). Two stages of the photoinduced method, aggregation into triangular conglomerates and growth into triangular particles, were determined form TEM observations. This preparation of Au NPs has potential in tuning the size, shape, and mechanism of Au NP formation by using only environmentally friendly trisodium citrate and the photoinduced method.     

纳米氮化钛粉体的制备及其影响因素

以纳米TiO₂为原料,采用氨气氮化法制备了纳米TiN粉体。研究了制备过程中的影响因素。实验结果表明:在800℃下,氮化反应5h,纳米TiO₂全部转化成纳米TiN,制备的纳米TiN粉体的粒径为20nm左右,采用化学分析法分析了纳米TiN的纯度,采用DTA-TG技术研究了纳米TiN的热稳定性。     

改性纳米氧化钛电流变液的制备及其特性

利用水解法与溶液沉积法, 合成了丙烯酰胺、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS) 改性氧化钛纳米电流变颗粒。经XRD 测定颗粒为无定形态, 用TEM 观察了粒子的形貌, 粒度分析表明颗粒粒径分布为70～300 nm , FTIR 图谱显示氧化钛上修饰有丙烯酰胺、SDBS。SDBS 的加入影响了颗粒的尺寸、表面性质及颗粒与硅油的润湿性, 最终引起电流变液介电性质的改善。丙烯酰胺的加入量也会影响电流变效应。电流变性能测试表明, 当SDBS/ 水质量比为1. 875 % , 丙烯酰胺/ 水质量比为0. 750 %时, 材料呈现最佳的电流变效应, 5 kV/ mm 直流电场下的静态剪切应力可达90 kPa , 电流变液具有极好的抗沉淀稳定性。这种优异的电流变效应源于颗粒界面极化的增强。      

Studies on Ag/Polypyrrole composite deposited on the surface of styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer microparticles and their electrical and electrochemical properties

The colloidal dispersion of silver nano particles with different concentration (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) were synthesized by chemical reduction method using citrate as reducing agent. Colloidal dispersion of Poly (Styrene-co-methylacrylate) (SMA) was synthesized by mini emulsion polymerization technique. The SMA micro particles were used as template for the polymerization of pyrrole in presence of dispersion of silver nano particles by oxidative coupling method. The Ag nano particles and the final core–shell composite particles were characterized by UV–visible, FTIR, SEM, EDX and TEM analysis. The thermal analysis revealed that the SMA-PPy-Ag core–shell particles possesses better thermal stability in comparision with bare PPy-Ag nano composite. The dc conductivity and the electro chemical behaviour of the particles were studied by using a standard four-probe method. The dependence of electrical conductivity of the composites on the concentration of silver in the polypyrrole shell and the methyl acrylate content in SMA copolymer were also investigated The core–shell particles show reversible electrochemical response as revealed by the cyclic voltammetry study.     

丙烯酸功能化纳米氧化石墨烯/丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备及性能

以烯丙基磺酸钠（ALS）为可聚合乳化剂,采用种子乳液聚合法制备丙烯酸功能化纳米氧化石墨烯（FAGO）/丙烯酸酯复合乳液。通过红外光谱、XRD表征GO、FAGO的结构,通过SEM和TEM观察GO、FAGO、纳米FAGO/丙烯酸酯复合乳液的形貌。结果表明,丙烯酸上的羧基与GO羟基反应生成了酯键;FAGO的边缘发生扭曲变形,局部产生较多褶皱,体系的不规整度显著增加;纳米FAGO/丙烯酸酯乳胶粒子呈规则的球形。纳米粒径电位分析表明,纳米FAGO/丙烯酸酯复合乳液粒径大小均一,分散性良好,随着ALS加入量的增加,纳米FAGO/丙烯酸酯乳胶粒子的粒径逐渐减小,其分散性指数（PDI）先减小后增大,相应的Zeta电位逐渐升高,乳液的黏度逐渐增大,乳胶膜耐水性变差,当ALS用量为0.8wt%时,纳米FAGO/丙烯酸酯复合乳液综合性能最佳。      

微波辐射原位合成纳米银/聚苯乙烯复合乳液

在微波辐射下先还原金属前躯体AgNO3制备出纳米银胶体,再于水介质中原位聚合制备纳米银聚苯乙烯复合乳液,并对其进行了表征。紫外-可见吸收光谱、透射电镜结果表明,所制备出的纳米银大多为球形粒子,粒径为20~30nm,粒径分布窄,且分散性较好;红外分析表明,纳米银和过渡层PVP之间并非只是简单的物理混合,它们之间存在一定的化学键合;热失重分析表明,纳米银对聚合物的分解可能起催化作用,从而使得纳米银/聚苯乙烯复合粉末的分解温度比纯聚苯乙烯低。     

原位氮化法制备纳米TiN-Al2O3复合粉体

以化学共沉淀法制备的纳米ＴｉＯ_２－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３复合粉体为原料,采用原位选择性氮化的方法制备了纳米ＴｉＮ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３复合粉体．应用化学热力学原理分析、计算了氮化反应的条件和机理,研究了氮化条件对氮化反应的影响．实验结果表明,氮化反应在７００℃时开始进行,在９００℃保温５ｈ,氮化反应进行完全,ＴＥＭ照片显示纳米ＴｉＮ 颗粒均匀分布于Ａｌ_２Ｏ₃基体中,粒径为５０～７０ｕｍ．     

氧化铜纳米粉体的制备新方法

首次以铝箔代替恒电位/电流仪惰性电极作为基体,采用辅助电极电沉积法成功制备了氧化铜纳米颗粒。用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜对所制备的纳米粉体进行了表征,结果表明:氧化铜纳米颗粒为球形,粒径为50nm左右,颗粒大小均匀,形态稳定。并且与氧化还原法和研究电极电沉积法进行了比较。     

An eco friendly and solvent free method for the synthesis of Zinc oxide nano particles using glycerol as organic dispersant

Zinc oxide nano particles can be synthesized using a simple solvent free, economic and eco friendly combustion method. The structural characterization of synthesized nano particles are carried out using XRD and SEM. The optical characterization was carried out using UV and Photoluminescence spectrofluorimeter. The XRD result shows that the nano particles are of hexagonal shape and the average crystal size of the Zinc oxide nano particle is in the range of 70 nm. The SEM analysis shows that the shape of the nano particles is of nano rods. The quality and purity of the Zinc oxide nano particles are confirmed using XRD and EDAX spectral analysis.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Tb-incorporated Apatite Nano-scale Powders

Nano-scale Tb-incorporated apatite (nano-Tb-AP) particles with different Tb contents (Tb/(Tb+Ca)) of 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% were synthesized through a simple wet chemical method in this study. The crystal structure, thermal stabilities, chemical groups, crystal morphologies and crystal sizes of the nano-Tb-AP particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. It was found that lattice constants, particle sizes, crystalline and thermal stability varied with the doped Tb contents. With the increasing of Tb content, the lattice constants, particle size, length/diameter ratio, crystalline and thermal stability of nano-Tb-AP gradually decrease. Especially, almost all the 20%Tb-AP nano particles had been decomposed at 1200 C while only a few of the decomposed products (β-TCP) were detected in the Tb-free nano apatite powders. This kind of nano-scale Tb-incorporated apatite exhibits an extremely potential clinic application because it integrates both the excellent biological functions of Tb element and apatite in human body.     

Analysis of multi-scale Ni particles generated by ultrasonic aided electrical discharge erosion in pure water

Electrical discharge erosion is widely applied in the fabrication process of the metallic particles in liquids. The Ultrasonic aided electrical discharge erosion is based on the spark discharge in pure water. The synthesized colloids were classified in accordance with the nano size and micron size. The higher magnifications of morphology, chemical compositions, the crystal structure of the multi-scale particles were observed and analyzed by SEM, TEM, EDS, and XRD. It is verified that ultrasonic wave influenced the morphology of micro/nanoparticles and the roughness of inner and external surfaces of hollow micro-particles. Besides, based on results of EDS, XRD, and Quantitative phase analysis, it is confirmed that nickel oxide was detected only on the surface of microparticles but the nickel oxide was easily obtained when nanoparticles were formed. In addition, ultrasound wave affected the oxidation reaction in both scales but the reaction was remarkably enhanced on nanoparticles. The DLS and LPSA were used to measure the size distributions for the nano and micron scale, respectively. The D-Values of both conditions shown that the ultrasound has an enhanced effect on decreasing the size distribution in both scales.     

Synthesis and characterization of nanodispersed molecular aggregates of Prussian blue in aerosol OT reverse micelle

Prussian Blue (PB) nanomolecular aggregates were prepared in a well-characterized, monodispersed biomimicking nanocavities formed by Aerosol OT (AOT) reverse micelle in H2O/AOT/heptane at different omega ([H2O]/[Surfactant]) employing coprecipitation technique. The formed nanomolecular aggregates of PB have been characterized by the UV-visible, Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as well as by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Cyclic Voltammetric methods. Visible and FTIR spectroscopic measurements confirm the formation of PB nano aggregates. Experimental results reveal that the molar extinction coefficient of PB nanomolecular aggregates is different for two different regimes of omega of reverse micelles. TEM measurements show that the size of these reverse micellar entrapped nano aggregrates varied with hydration (omega). Studies on these nano sized particles indicate that Fe is present in a single mixed valence state along the Fe-C-N-Fe skeleton in PB and the half wave potential (E1/2) becomes more positive with increase in the size of the nano aggregates.     

晶核生长法制备纳米铜粒子

使用晶核控制生长的方法制备纳米铜粒子,用NaBH4还原出小粒径的纳米铜作为晶核,用抗坏血酸还原Cu2+在晶核上快速生长,制备出纳米铜粒子。经SEM观察纳米粒子直径为80～90nm,纳米粒子粒径均匀。     

Needle-like nano hydroxyapatite/poly(l-lactide acid) composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering application

In this paper, a new nano-hydroxyapatite / poly (l-lactide acid) (nHAP/PLLA) composite scaffold comprising needle-like nHAP particles was prepared. In the first step, the identification and morphology of chemically synthesized HAP particles were determined by XRD, EDX, FTIR and SEM analyses. The needle-like nHAP particles with an average size of approximately 30–60 nm in width and 100–400 nm in length were found similar to needle-like bone nano apatites in terms of chemical composition and morphology. In the second step, nHAP and micro-sized HAP (mHAP) particles were used to fabricate HAP filled PLLA (HAP/PLLA) composites scaffolds using solid–liquid phase separation method. The porosity of scaffolds was up to 85%, and their average macropore diameter was in the range of 64–175 µm. FTIR and XRD analyses showed the presence of molecular interactions and chemical linkages between HAP particles and PLLA matrix. The compressive strength of nanocomposite scaffolds could high up to 8.46 MPa while those of pure PLLA and microcomposite scaffolds were 1.79 and 4.61 MPa, respectively. The cell affinity and cytocompatibility of the nanocomposite scaffold were found to be higher than those of pure PLLA and microcomposite scaffolds. Based on the results, the newly developed nHAP/PLLA composite scaffold is comparable with cancellous bone in terms of microstructure and mechanical strength, so it may be a suitable alternative for bone tissue engineering applications.     

纳米ZnO/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的介电特性

为探讨纳米ZnO/低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）复合材料的介电特性,首先,采用硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂对纳米ZnO进行改性,并利用两步法制备了不同纳米ZnO质量分数、不同纳米ZnO粒径、不同纳米ZnO表面修饰方式和不同冷却方式的纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料;然后,通过FTIR、SEM、DSC和热激电流（TSC）测试了纳米ZnO在基体中的分散情况、复合材料的等温结晶过程参数变化及陷阱密度;最后,在不同实验温度下分别进行了交流击穿、绝缘电导率、介电常数和空间电荷实验。结果表明:纳米ZnO的加入使纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料内部陷阱深度和密度均有所增加;当纳米ZnO的粒径为40 nm且质量分数为3%时,复合材料的结晶速度最快,纳米ZnO在基体中的分散性较好,击穿场强达到最高值133.3 kV/mm,电导率及介电常数也相对较低,加压时复合材料内部空间电荷少,短路时释放电荷速度快,介电性能较好;由于纳米粒子增加了材料内部的热传导速率,降低了复合材料随着温度升高而降解的速度,因而相对于纯LDPE,随着实验温度的提高,纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料的击穿场强下降幅度及电导率上升幅度均较小。      

Fe_3O_4-壳聚糖-胶原-纳米羟基磷灰石原位复合支架的仿生制备及表征

为了制备具有磁热效应的多相杂化纳米复合材料,以可溶性钙盐和磷酸盐作为纳米羟基磷灰石(nHAP)的前驱体、可溶性铁盐和亚铁盐作为纳米Fe_3O_4的前驱体,并结合壳聚糖(CS)和胶原(Col)两种有机基体的优越特性,通过原位复合和冷冻干燥技术,制备了纳米Fe_3O_4-CS-Col-nHAP复合支架材料。通过FTIR、XRD、SEM、物理性能测试仪(PPMS)等方法对复合支架的组成、结构、形貌和磁性等方面进行表征。结果表明:纳米Fe_3O_4-CS-Col-nHAP复合支架具有多级孔径结构,孔径尺寸约为100~150μm,孔隙率约为95%;低结晶度的nHAP晶体和纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒均匀分布在有机基体上;通过原位复合技术制备的纳米Fe_3O_4具有超顺磁性,随着磁性粒子含量的不断增加,磁饱和强度不断增强,饱和磁化强度为0.025emu/g。通过原位复合和冷冻干燥技术制备的多相杂化的纳米Fe_3O_4-CS-Col-nHAP复合材料具有良好的磁热效应,有望在骨修复组织工程中得到广泛应用。     

Microwave dielectric properties of nanostructured nickel ferrite

Nickel ferrite is one of the important ferrites used in microwave devices. In the present work, we have synthesized nanoparticles of nickel ferrite using chemical precipitation technique. The crystal structure and grain size of the particles are studied using XRD. The microwave dielectric properties of nanostructured nickel ferrite samples of three different average grain sizes and those of two sintered samples were studied. The parameters like dielectric constant, dielectric loss and heating coefficient of the nanoparticles samples are studied in the frequency range from 2·4 to 4 GHz. The values of these parameters are compared with those of sintered pellets of the same samples. All these parameters show size dependent variations.     

无机纳米ZnO或蒙脱土颗粒掺杂对低密度聚乙烯介电性能的影响

选择在低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）中掺杂无机纳米ZnO和蒙脱土（MMT）颗粒,探讨不同形态无机纳米颗粒对LDPE介电性能的影响。利用熔融共混法配合不同冷却方式制备不同结晶形态的纳米ZnO/LDPE和MMT/LDPE复合材料。通过FTIR、偏光显微镜（PLM）、SEM、DSC和热刺激电流（TSC）对试样进行表征,并。研究了纳米ZnO/LDPE和MMT/LDPE复合材料的交流击穿特性,结果表明：掺杂适当质量分数并经表面修饰的无机纳米颗粒可有效的避免其团聚现象,提高纳米ZnO/LDPE和MMT/LDPE复合材料的结晶速率,使结晶结构更完善,同时无机纳米颗粒掺杂使LDPE的陷阱密度和深度均有所增加,载流子入陷在试样内部形成界面"局域态"。经油冷却方式制备的纳米ZnO/LDPE和MMT/LDPE复合材料击穿场强比空气自然冷却分别高13.6%和14.4%,当掺杂纳米粒子质量分数为3wt%时,复合材料击穿场强出现最大值,其中纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料比MMT/LDPE复合材料的击穿场强值高0.68%;电导率试验结果表明：纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料电导率比MMT/LDPE复合材料低。介电性能测试表明,在1~10⁵ Hz的测试频率范围内,纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料和MMT/LDPE复合材料介电常数降低,介质损耗角正切值有所提高。     

Alternative method for preparation of CdS/epoxy resin nanocomposite

Hybrid composites of CdS nanoparticles embedded in epoxy resin matrixes have been prepared by co-precipitate method and characterized. Epoxy resin acted as the matrix for the formation of nano CdS particles in the reaction system and kept them from agglomerating. The resulting viscous orange liquid could be cured with normal curing agent. The result of XRD, UV and TEM analysis reveals that the CdS particles are in nano size and dispersed in epoxy resin matrix homogeneously.     

纳米颗粒分散方法对电刷镀复合镀层组织及性能的影响

为了解决镀液中纳米颗粒的团聚问题,采用高能机械化学法对纳米颗粒进行了分散,在扫描电镜、显微硬度计、球-盘式磨损试验机上对比考察了机械搅拌法和高能机械化学分散法对电刷镀液中纳米颗粒分布和复合镀层组织、显微硬度及含磨料油润滑条件下磨损性能的影响.结果表明,高能机械化学分散法较好地解决了纳米颗粒分散的难题,与机械搅拌法相比,高能机械化学分散法制备的电刷镀液中纳米颗粒分散均匀、团聚少、稳定悬浮时间长,复合镀层中纳米颗粒含量高,镀层组织细小、致密,显微硬度高,含磨料油润滑条件下的耐磨性能好.