折叠翼弹跳机器人机构设计及运动性能分析

为提高弹跳机器人的弹跳性能,解决弹跳机器人姿态调节和弹跳距离的问题,设计一种折叠翼弹跳机器人.通过调节多链弹跳机构的空间开链机构姿态实现对机器人弹跳朝向和起跳角的控制,研究折叠翼的滑翔下落特性增加机器人的弹跳距离.进行了姿态调整仿真和运动轨迹仿真,并在研制的折叠翼弹跳机器人样机上进行了弹跳运动实验.结果该样机显示出较高的弹跳性能.当起跳角度为80?时,弹跳高度约为0.98 m.当起跳角度为60?时,弹跳距离约为3 m,弹跳距离约为对比试验中无折叠翼弹跳机器人的1.7倍,但弹跳高度略低于无折叠翼弹跳机器人.折叠翼弹跳机器人具有良好的弹跳性能,能够完成地面上任何姿态的弹跳运动.     

可折叠轮式弹跳机器人FoldJumper的运动性能研究

可折叠轮式弹跳机器人FoldJumper采用滚动和弹跳两种运动方式,分别用于通过平坦路面以及越过障碍物.该机器人设计有2条可折叠的腿,其末端安装1根拉伸弹簧.弹跳模式下,电机-齿轮-凸轮系统驱动两条腿展开,弹簧拉开存储弹性势能;弹簧释放后,两腿迅速折叠,弹簧弹性势能转化为机器人动能,实现弹跳运动;轮式模式下,两腿处于伸展状态,通过安装于足端的轮子实现前行.进行了运动学和动力学建模,通过数值仿真分析了机器人的运动性能.并制作了机器人实验样机,质量约215g,折叠后长度小于7cm.实验结果表明,FoldJumper可以实现高度约为20cm、水平距离约为10cm的弹跳运动和速度为6.5cm/s的轮式运动.     

面向侦察机器人的气动弹跳机构建模与分析

为提高侦察机器人的运动和生存能力,本文将弹跳运动与轮式运动相结合,建立了一种新型侦察机器 人．本文以一种新颖的气动弹跳机构实现了机器人的弹跳运动,介绍了气动弹跳机构的特性,推导了气动弹跳过程 中各耦合参量之间的关系,分析了弹跳高度的影响因素,并进一步提出调整换向气阀开关时间从而控制机器人弹跳 高度的控制方案．最后,对所设计的气动弹跳机器人进行了越障分析和实验验证．结果表明了该侦察机器人气动弹 跳机构的合理性和实用性．     

基于光电成像技术的运动员垂直弹跳高度测试

针对运动员弹跳过程持续时间短,弹跳位置相对不固定,弹跳高度测试操作复杂的问题,提出一种基于线阵光电成像技术的运动员垂直弹跳高度测试方法;首先构建大视场垂直弹跳高度测试系统,线阵CCD相机进行实时获取,得到目标弹跳轨迹图像;然后对目标弹跳轨迹图像进行图像分析和处理,高精度提取弹跳特征点,从而获得运动员垂直弹跳的运动时间;最后依据运动学公式,实现运动员垂直弹跳高度的准确测试;进行多组实验并分析实验数据,结果表明在1500mm的弹跳测试范围内,实验相对误差范围在3%以内,证明了该方法的可行性。     

星面探测仿生弹跳机器人设计、仿真及实验

基于袋鼠的跳跃运动机理和齿轮—五杆组合机构,设计了一种用于星面探测的小型间歇式弹跳机器 人．提出了仿袋鼠结构、运动形态及产生非线性弹跳动力的闭链机构的弹跳模型．采用D-H 法建立了机器人运动方 程,并对其跳跃运动步态、仿生运动特性和弹跳效率进行了分析,给出了该机器人设计的整体结构．运用ADAMS 软件对机器人进行动力学建模与全过程运动仿真,验证了该闭链仿生弹跳机构及其运动的有效性,较大幅度提高了 弹跳机构对能量的利用率,其效率可达70%,避免了弹跳机器人提前起跳．最后设计制作了弹跳机器人原理样机, 并进行跳跃试验．试验结果表明：样机试验与仿真结果基本是一致的;1.4 kg 的弹跳机器人跳远度为813 mm,跳高 度为471 mm,从而解决了利用微小电机驱动机器人实现弹跳运动的问题．     

面向助力膝关节外骨骼的弹性驱动器研制及实验研究

为满足下肢助力外骨骼不同行走模式下有效驱动的需求,提出了一种弹性驱动器,通过电机带动丝杠螺母串联弹簧,结合相应的刹车片,实现弹性驱动器对不同行走模式下的助力膝关节外骨骼的驱动.对弹性驱动器进行工作模式分析及刹车装置的动力学研究.为优选出合适的刹车片材料及弹簧,进行了弹性驱动器的刹车力及弹跳冲击实验.在建立的Solid Works、ADAMS虚拟样机联合仿真平台上对弹性驱动器驱动的膝关节外骨骼进行运动仿真,考察弹簧刚度及等效质量对弹性驱动器工作性能的影响,为下肢助力机器人弹性驱动器的设计提供理论依据.     

轮腿式机器人越障动力学建模与影响因素分析

研究了一种具有多种驱动模式的轮腿式机器人的越障动力学问题．首先描述了机器人爬越垂直障碍的 过程,进而构建了越障过程的动力学模型．该模型可以体现各电机输出转矩之间的关系以及运动状态、重心分布等 影响因素．通过对整个过程的分析,确定了驱动系统中两种电机输出力矩的极限状态,并分析各因素对其最大输出 力矩的影响,最后给出了机器人最大越障高度的计算方法．上述结果可为提高机器人的复杂环境适应能力提供理论 依据．     

基于柔性铰链支承的热驱动硅微机械手的力学模型及性能分析

微机械手是一种典型的微型执行器,是微型机电系统(MEMS)的重要研究内容之一.以基于柔性铰链的电热驱动硅微机械手为研究对象,建立了微夹钳的二次超静定力学模型,导出了钳口处输出位移的解析式,并在此基础上对硅微机械手的性能进行了分析.分析表明,微夹钳的输出位移与柔性铰链切割半径成正比,切割半径越大,输出位移越大;对各加载电压下的微夹钳输出位移,其试验和理论结果的变化趋势一致,即微夹钳输出位移随输入电压的增加基本呈线性增加.     

功率管高频驱动回路参数优化研究

高频、大功率一直是功率电路的发展方向。提高工作频率的主要方法,一是通过功率管的更新迭代,减小输入电容及增强其耐压、耐应力能力;二是适度增强驱动电路的驱动性能。通过分析功率管有源等效驱动回路,对驱动回路参数进行理想化建模、分析和仿真。在此基础上,提出在不改变功率管及驱动电压的情况下,通过优化驱动回路参数和提升驱动电路性能,提升驱动电路输出电流,减小驱动电路延时和完善驱动电路电磁兼容(EMC)设计的方法。该设计可有效提高功率管工作频率及其可靠性。选取Infineon的FS75R12KT3模块有源等效模型参数为例,进行PLECS仿真对比试验。试验结果表明,在保证驱动电路输出电流足够的前提下,相比传统驱动回路参数,优化的驱动回路参数可有效提高绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)的工作频率,且在大功率工作条件下可靠性较高。该研究进一步拓宽了驱动电路的普适性。     

跳跑式微型弹跳机器人的设计与实现

微型弹跳机器人在不规则环境中作业如地震救灾中有着特殊重要作用.设计了一种新颖的跳跑式微型弹跳机器人,提出了一种实用有效的储能-驱动机构.储能-驱动机构以舵机为驱动器,带动不完全齿轮,齿轮拉动钢丝绳作用于弹簧钢片来实现机器人的储能-弹跳.机器人通过电机驱动小车轮实现快速跑动.详细介绍了整个机器人的机械结构设计以及弹跳运动和跑动运动的实现.经测试,该机器人的弹跳运动灵活,与轮式快速跑动结合,提高了适应环境的能力和运动效率.该机器人结构简单、易于控制、稳定可靠,具有良好的应用前景.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.