实现国企改革和脱困的途径之一引进技术的吸收与创新

1 国企改革和脱困的要素和形势分析 国有企业的改革和脱困,其目标就是要使国有企业扭亏为盈,使国有企业生存和发展.从宏观和微观经济学的角度,分析国有企业的生存和发展要素主要集中在市场与销售,生产与管理,以及研究与开发这三个主要环节.     

供热直埋管线的腐蚀分析及防护

文章主要针对供热直埋管线的腐蚀分析及防护进行分析,结合当下供热行业的发展现状为根据,从供热直埋管线的发展、供热直埋管线的腐蚀分析、供热直埋管线的防腐蚀防护措施等方面进行深入研究与探索,主要目的在于更好的推动供热行业的发展与进步。     

轧制科学与工程的发展

本文主要从材料科学与工程的角度,谈谈对轧制科学与工程发展问题的看法。 1.轧制仍是生产金属材料制品的主要方式大部分传统金属材料制品是用轧制方式生产出来的。在材料科学高速发展的今天,就需要对轧制工程的作用和地位做出预测,     

制造业与服务业融合发展的六大趋势

正随着现代信息技术的快速发展,制造业与服务业融合已经成为现代产业发展的主流趋势,也是推动全球产业升级的主要驱动力量。服务业与制造业之间呈现出融合互动、相互依存的共生态势,不断催生新产业、新业态,从而推动产业结构由产品经济向服务经济转型,由制造化向服务化、现代化的生产体系转型。制造业与服务业融合发展主要体现为六大趋势:     

公路桥梁钢筋锈蚀原因及防治方法

文章主要针对公路桥梁钢筋锈蚀原因及防治方法进行分析,结合当下公路桥梁钢筋的发展现状为根据,从公路桥梁钢筋锈蚀原因、公路桥梁钢筋锈蚀解决措施等方面进行深入研究与探索,主要目的在于更好地推动公路桥梁建设的发展与进步。     

关于促进我国热处理技术发展的几点思考

概括了我国与国外工业发达国家在热处理技术方面的主要差距，分析了形成这些差距的主要原因和社会主义市场经济体制下发展热处理技术的良好条件和机遇，并提出了促进我国热处理技术发展的若干政策性建议。     

浅谈焦炉机械设备

主要介绍了焦炉机械捣固设备中各车的主要结构与功能，给出设计时应考虑的因素，提出了焦炉设备的发展方向。     

金属型制取黑色金属铸件 第一部分

在美国很少采用金属永久型生产黑色金属铸件,而此法正在欧洲和其他地区发展和完善起来。这两部分报道了有关技术发展的现状。据报道,目前用金属永久型生产黑色金属铸件具有很多技术与经济效益。主要是在东欧与加拿大,近十年内,由于冶金学发展的结果,采用金属型生产黑色金属铸件的主要技术难关据说已被克服。     

钛与现有耐蚀材料的竞争状况

钛的工业生产已有三十年历史,其经历美国与日本则截然不同。美国多用于航空和宇宙(主要是Ti合金),而日本主要用于化学工业(主要是纯Ti)。对于“空中金属”而言,“地上金属”也发展起来了。然而今后一定会向“海上金属”方向发展。     

浅谈焦炉机械设备

主要介绍了焦炉机械捣固设备中各种机件的主要结构与功能,给出设计时应考虑的因素,提出了焦炉设备的发展方向.     

清洁生产与水压传动技术

环境、生态、资源已成为全社会人类关注的焦点问题。随着世界各国环境与清洁生产法规的制定,清洁生产已成为各国解决发展与环境、资源问题的根本途径,是2l世纪工业化生产的基本模式,也是世界各国发展新型经济,走新型工业化发展道路,实施可持续发展战略的必然选择。水压传动技术是基于绿色设计和清洁生产技术而发展起来的一门新技术,是清洁生产发展过程中的一个重要里程碑。本文阐述了清洁生产产生的背景以及清洁生产的含义、特点、内容、常用的清洁生产工具及主要的实施途径。简述了水压传动技术发展的历史进程及其清洁生产特征。探讨了水压传动技术在清洁生产中的工业应用以及清洁生产与水压传动技术的相互关系。     

Stress Corrosion Test Methods

Abstract

In the hope that some of the pitfalls may in future be avoided, the paper discusses problems associated with the various methods of stress corrosion testing, without providing a catalogue of test methods. Thus, the use of time to failure as a parameter that measures susceptibility may lead to erroneous conclusions, whilst designers may be misled if they are not aware that K_ISCC values, as sometimes determined from pre-cracked specimen tests, are not as reproducible as those design parameters, such as yield stress or ultimate tensile stress, with which they are more familiar. The effects of specimen surface area, and its relation to solution volume, as well as surface finish, are among other quantities that may cause discrepancies between results from different laboratories. Similarly, in relation to environmental aspects of testing, the dangers in the use of ‘standard’ solutions are indicated and the necessity, in simulating service failures, of precisely reproducing the composition of the environment and the relevant electrode potential are shown, as well as the importance of other factors.     

Corrosion resistance of fuel element steel cladding in a lead coolant

The corrosion resistance of experimental and industrial steels considered as possible materials for fuel element cladding in the BREST reactor is investigated. Static corrosion tests in lead at 750°C lasting up to 1000 h, as well as metallographic and x-ray analysis, have been performed. Data are provided on the composition and relative width of a diffusion barrier in the form of complex oxides arising in the corrosion interaction zone and impeding the diffusion of oxygen into steel, as well as the values of the averaged oxygen diffusion coefficient. The corrosion resistance in lead of the newly developed steel Kh18S2VBFMAYu and steel 16Kh12MVSFBR (ÉP 823) proposed as cladding for fuel elements in the BREST reactor is analyzed.     

淡水介质中筒状设备内壁阴极保护电位分布研究

研究了室温自来水介质中用镁合金牺我阳极保护Ａ３钢时,阴阳极之间的距离阴极保护时间及阳极数量对保护电位的影响。依据实验结果,对辽化某装置实施了阴极保护,取得了较好的效果。     

Phthalocyanines in organized microheterogeneous systems. Review

Supramolecular organization of phthalocyanines (Pc) and the possible techniques of preventing Pc aggregation in an aqueous environment, including the use of surfactants, are analyzed. Peculiarities of the formation of supramolecular aggregates based on Pc and a number of biocompatible surfactants, as well as the prospects of using them in photodynamic therapy, are discussed. Attention is paid to crown-containing individual and metal phthalocyanines in organized microheterogeneous systems. Synergistic effects of non-covalent interactions, such as host-guest complex formation of Na⁺ ions and crown fragments, as well as electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, provide the high selectivity of the formation of micelle-bound Pc monomers in the presence of a number of anionic surfactants, which enables one to consider crown-containing phthalocyanines as promising compounds in photodynamic therapy.     

Fluorkunststoffe in der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik,insbesondere als Auskleidungs-/Beschichtungswerkstoffe

Fluoroplastics in chemical process engineering, especially as lining/coating materials Fluroplastich such as PTFE (Hostaflon®, Teflon®, etz.), PFA/TFA, FEP, PVDF, ECTFE, ETFE, PCTFE are largely known on the market and accepted in all industries for their excellent properties. Whereas in machine design and the automotive industry their low friction value and in the electrical industry their good dielectric values are essentially decisive, their universal chemical and high thermal resistance, their outstanding anti-adhesivity and phosiological inertness ensured their acceptance in the chemical and generically related industries. All of them are processed thermoplastically with only the PTFE having an exceptional position as it can only be processed by the sintering method and requires special techniques also for subsequent operations (e.g. shaping and welding). Their characteristics represent the basis for a lot of applications in the chemical and electroplating industry, the pharmaceutical and food industry, the laboratory and semi-conductor field as well as in environmental protection where fluoroplastics are used as finished parts such as seals, bearings, diaphragms, compensators, injection-moulded items, heating panels, heat exchangers, etc. Besides fluoroplastics semi-finished parts offer outstanding chances in chemical process engineering. For example steel tanks and sections as well as pipelines get corrosion-proof liners or evelopes against liquid or gaseous media. While the so-called heavy corrosion prevention is usually ensured with thicker material (3 to 4 mm), fluoroplastic coatings possibly offer a limited protection against chemicals only as their maximum coat thickness is approx. 1 mm. Therefore fluoroplastic coatings are mostly applied where it is a question of providing light corrosion prevention or anti-adhesivity and with parts of complex design which can neither be lined nor enveloped as e.g. agitors, spherical inserts, perforated plates, etc.     

The potential applications for titanium metal powder and their life cycle impacts

It has been predicted that new processes being developed for titanium metal production as well as new fabrication techniques will see the cost of fabricated titanium fall by as much as 50%. Potential applications for lower-cost titanium powder are examined in this paper, with cookware, being identified as a possible lead product. The potential environmental benefits of using this material in place of competing materials such as stainless of competing materials such as stainless steel in chemical process equipment and automotive exhausts are also illustrated, based on a life-cycle approach.     

Optimization of multi-stage closed-die forging processes by coupled simulation of the machine and the forging processes

The use of finite element analysis in the development of closed-die forging processes is widely established in industry. However, the simulated and the real workpiece dimensions differ from each other in a significant way, as the interactions between the forging process and the production machine are not adequately considered in the simulation. As a result, multi-stage dies in particular often need to undergo an experimental time-consuming optimization process on the production machine. In this paper a method is presented that allows the coupling of the forging simulation with external machine tool simulation systems and nonlinear-elastic press models in order to consider the interactions between the process and the machine, and to improve the accuracy of the forging simulation. This method of coupled simulation was integrated into a software tool and may be used for single-stage as well as for multi-stage processes in closed-die forging operations. It allows simulation-aided optimization of the dies as early as the design stage as well as individual adaptation to the particular production press well in advance of the test phase of the dies on the press.     

Interface-related reliability challenges in 3-D interconnect systems with through-silicon vias

During service, through-silicon vias (TSVs) in vertically stacked-die microelectronic packages are subjected to both thermo-mechanical cycling as well as electromigration. The disparate properties of Cu-filled TSVs and the Si chip induce substantial residual stresses in both components, as well as at the interface. These stresses may drive interfacial sliding with the interface serving as a rapid diffusion path, resulting in significant interfacial strain incompatibilities. In addition, by acting as short-circuit paths for diffusion, the interfaces may carry significant electromigration fluxes, further exacerbating interfacial sliding. The results of recent experiments and modeling are presented to illustrate these effects, and related reliability issues are discussed.     

How to avoid the ‘invisible gorilla’ in aluminum smelting process control: Visual guidelines

Over the last three decades, process control in aluminum smelters has improved significantly as it is the biggest leverage for cost and energy reduction in production and product quality improvement, as well as for meeting environmental compliance. The implementation of computerized automatic control systems two decades ago was a step change in improvement in the state of the art of process control. However, the complex and dynamic nature of the process requires human monitoring, diagnosis, and intervention from time to time. This study investigates the use of the supervisory screen of the control system of a smelter, as well as the effectiveness of visual guidelines to help the operators to identify process abnormalities. The results show that visual guidelines such as voltage patterns which are used as a reference improve the performance of the operators. Detection time and falsealarm rates were reduced in addition to increasing detection sensitivities. It is proposed that a higher level of human and system interaction would improve the overall performance process control.