大口径X80钢级管道环焊缝断裂韧性需求研究

采用有限元方法建立了D1 422 mm厚壁X80钢管自动焊焊接接头数值模型,通过环焊缝强度匹配、母材屈强比等参数对焊缝裂纹驱动力的影响规律进行研究,确定在不同管材强度等级及焊缝特性等工况下的韧性指标。结果表明：提高焊缝区强度匹配能够有效减小接头的裂纹扩展驱动力,降低断裂韧性需求,降低母材屈强比会使相同强度匹配条件下的裂纹扩展驱动力更小。目前工程标准中的断裂韧性值能够满足管道断裂控制要求。     

基于焊接接头断裂性能要求的焊条强度选择

焊接接头大量存在的裂纹及类裂纹缺陷是焊接接头破坏的主要原因之一，本文通过研究焊接接头强度组配对焊接接头断裂性能的影响，指出了不同位置的裂纹对焊接接头强度组配的要求是不同的，就焊条材料强度选择的问题提出了新的见解。     

焊接接头损伤条件下的断裂力学参量数值模拟

利用弹塑性损伤-应变耦合有限元方法研究了不同强度匹配焊接接头中母材区断裂应变的变化对焊缝区裂纹断裂力学参量J积分的影响规律.结果表明,对于强度高匹配、等匹配和低匹配的焊接接头,在焊缝区各项力学性能参数保持不变的条件下,随着母材区断裂应变的减小,焊缝区的塑性应变及裂纹扩展驱动力J积分均有明显的提高;随着接头强度匹配比M的降低(母材屈服强度的升高),母材区断裂应变的变化对J积分值的影响作用减小.     

汽轮机12Cr/30Cr2Ni4MoV异质焊接转子接头组织与韧性研究

采用CTOD方法测试汽轮机12Cr/30Cr2Ni4MoV异质转子焊接接头微区断裂韧性,研究微观组织与微区断裂韧性的关系,并分析裂纹扩展阻力特征。结果表明,异质焊接接头的整体强度低于母材,属于低匹配,拉伸断裂位置位于过渡层;异质焊接接头微区断裂韧性不均匀,母材12Cr和过渡层均发生了裂纹失稳扩展,热影响区断裂韧性优于母材;埋弧焊焊缝的裂纹扩展阻力低于30Cr2Ni4MoV;母材12Cr和过渡层中的富Mo硬质相是裂纹产生失稳扩展的主要原因。     

中国机械工程学会焊接学会第ⅩⅤ专业委员会1989年年会论文摘要(四)

焊接接头裂纹扩展驱动力的工程确定采用全塑性有限元方法计算了焊接中心裂纹试样的裂纹扩展驱动力,讨论了影响焊接接头裂纹扩展驱动力的因素,并应用弹塑性有限元进行了验证计算。研究结果表明,运用由全塑性有限元方法计算的等效屈服强度和等效应变硬化指数计算焊接接头的裂纹扩展驱动力具有相当的精度,而且计算费用低。只需要     

复合加载方式作用下熔合线上含裂纹焊接接头的裂端场与断裂参量

针对复合载荷作用下熔合线含裂纹的焊接接头,应用弹塑性有限元方法分析了其裂端应力场的分布规律.并对不同组配焊接接头的COD断裂参量及其复合角进行了数值计算,讨论了加载角度和接头强度组配对焊接接头断裂行为及断裂参量的影响机制.研究结果表明,对于复合载荷作用下的熔合线含裂纹焊接接头,其裂端应力场同时受到加载角度以及材料非均匀性的影响.当加载角度较小时,复合载荷对接头性能的影响相对于接头组配的影响更为显著.而当加载角度达到并超过30°时,情况与之相反.     

断裂应变对含损伤焊接接头裂纹扩展驱动力影响的数值

利用弹塑性损伤-应变耦合有限元方法，对含有损伤的焊接接头三点弯曲裂纹试样进行了模拟计算，讨论了母材区的断裂应变εfB的变化对焊缝区裂纹的扩展驱动力J积分的影响规律。结果表明，焊缝中裂纹的断裂行为受到焊缝两侧母材断裂应变的明显影响。对于无论何种强度匹配的接头，在焊缝区各项力学性能参数保持不变的条件下，随着母材区断裂应变的减小，损伤率的增加，损伤区的扩大，焊缝中裂纹韧带区塑性应变及裂纹扩展驱动力J积分均有明显的提高；随着接头强度匹配比M的降低(即母材屈服强度的升高)，母材区断裂应变的变化对J积分的影响作用逐渐减弱；随着焊缝宽度的逐渐增加，母材断裂应变的变化对J积分的影响作用逐渐减弱，焊接接头试样的计算J积分值逐渐趋向于全焊缝材料试样计算得到的J积分值；当焊缝宽度增加到2H／a约为0．6时，母材断裂应变的变化对焊缝区裂纹扩展驱动力J积分的影响作用完全消失。     

焊接参数对搅拌摩擦焊2024-T351铝合金焊接接头断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹生长速率的影响（英文）

在横向速度为8~31.5 mm/min、搅拌速度为400~800 r/min条件下对厚度为8 mm的2024-T351铝合金板进行搅拌摩擦焊接实验。为了考察焊接样品的各项性能,对焊接样品进行金相分析、维氏硬度和XRD(确是残余应力)测试。为了得到样品的残余应力和应力强度因子(SIF),对样品的搅拌摩擦焊接过程进行有限元分析。基于标准测试方法研究焊接样品的断裂和疲劳行为,焊接样品在焊核区出现初始裂纹且裂纹沿焊接方向扩展;同时采用剪切散斑干涉方法对焊接样品的断裂行为进行进一步研究。结果表明:横向速度和搅拌速度影响样品的断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹生长速率。搅拌摩擦焊使样品的最大断裂荷载和断裂韧性降低了18%~49%。较低的横向速度使焊接接头的断裂韧性稍许降低。在较高的横向速度或较低的搅拌速度下,焊接接头缺陷的增加可导致较低的断裂韧性。在较低应力强度因子差值(ΔK≤13 MPa·m~(1/2))条件下,所有焊接样品的疲劳裂纹扩展速率比其基体合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率慢;而在较高的ΔK值条件下,焊接样品的疲劳裂纹扩展速率比基体合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率快得多。     

中缸体焊接接头断裂行为的有限元分析

液压支架中缸体是以焊接方式连接,那么焊缝位置的选择对于中缸体的使用寿命具有重要的影响。这样笔者分析了不同位置焊接接头的受力特点、应力强度因子以及与其相关的裂纹扩展速率(寿命评估)等断裂参数。通过不同位置焊接接头的有限元分析可知:焊接接头在中缸体中间时对压力的敏感性较强。应力强度因子的计算结果表明:对两种位置焊接接头的应力强度因子值的比较可以发现,焊接接头在中缸体中间时其应力强度因子值小于在中缸体端部时的应力强度因子值,说明了焊接接头在中间位置时抗疲劳和断裂能力较强。裂纹扩展速率试验结果表明:热影响区裂纹扩展速率大于焊缝的裂纹扩展速率,因此裂纹扩展沿着熔合线扩展的可能性更大。     

裂纹深度和强度组配对焊接接头断裂性能的影响

利用弹塑性有限元计算和三点弯曲试验对不同裂纹深度，不同强度组配焊接接头试样的断裂性能进行了研究，着重讨论了裂纹深度和组配的不同对焊接接头试样加载过程中塑性区形状及大小，深浅裂纹分界点，抗断性能，裂纹尖端张开位移ＣＴＯＤ，Ｊ积分的影响。结果表明，裂纹越浅。加载时塑性区域大，断裂韧性值越高，高组配焊接接头试样加载时由于塑性区扩展到母材而具有较大的塑性区，低组配焊接接头试样加载时塑性区被抑制在焊缝中，尺     

强度失配焊接接头的裂纹尖端张开位移数值分析

采用有限元方法对平面应变条件下含裂纹不同强度失配的平板拉伸焊接接头进行了弹塑性分析,研究了焊缝与母材强度失配、裂纹长度、母材应力应变曲线类型等因素对焊接接头裂纹尖端张开位移的影响.结果表明,强度失配系数增大,焊接接头裂纹尖端张开位移值降低,裂纹长度越短,强度失配的影响越显著.母材无屈服平台时,裂纹尖端张开位移随外加应变的增大呈单调上升趋势,母材有屈服平台时,在高匹配或者裂纹长度较短时,裂纹尖端张开位移曲线会出现阶段性变化,这主要是由于母材形变硬化滞后焊缝变形所产生的.     

Study on ductile crack initiation limit from notch root of pipeline girth welded joints with strength mismatch

This study investigated ductile crack initiation limit of pipeline girth welded joints with different strength mismatches. The ductile crack initiation limit for the girth welded joints was evaluated by conducting three-point bending fracture toughness tests and wide plate tensile tests with a surface notch. In addition, effect of heat input on the ductile crack initiation limit of weld metal (WM) was evaluated on the assumption that a welding condition would be varied in the field in the actual pipeline construction. As the results, the equivalent plastic strain at the notch tip for the ductile crack initiation of the three-point bending tests was consistent with those of the wide plate tests, and the heat input hardly affected the ductile crack initiation limit within the range of this study. This meant that the ductile crack initiation limit of the pipeline girth welded joints with strength mis-match was able to be estimated using the equivalent plastic strain obtained from the three-point bending tests. Based on these results, we proposed a procedure to determine the rational fracture toughness requirements which took into account the difference in the plastic constraint between standard fracture toughness test and pipeline girth welded joints. This procedure was also possible to determine the required strength matching level for a strain-based design for girth welded joint containing surface notch in the centre of the WM in terms of preventing the ductile crack initiation.     

力学失配对电子束焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

研究了高温合金电子束焊接接头区的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,深入分析了接头区力学失配对疲劳裂纹扩展方向及疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响规律。结果表明,由于力学不均匀性的影响,电子束焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展具有不稳定性,位于高匹配焊接区的疲劳裂纹偏离原裂纹扩展方向,跨越焊接区与母材,呈复合型扩展;焊接区疲劳裂纹的集团使得裂纹尖端有效应力强度因子减小,因而焊缝区裂尖局部有效裂纹扩展驱动力下降,导致接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率下     

Study on fracture mechanics parameters of surface crack in overmatched weldments

In this paper, the J-integral of surface cracks in overmatched weldments with different matching ratio has been investigated using direct evaluation method. The influence of matching ratio of joints on the crack driving forces (J-i ntegral, crack mouth opening displacement CMOD) and strain distributions along the contour have been discussed in detail. The results indicate that the comprehe nsive effects of crack position and the matching ratio of welded joint dominate the distribution of strain along the contour. Moreover, the crack driving force increases with the decrease of the matching ratios in overmatched weldments.     

A7N01P-T4铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接头微区性能

以高速列车用14 mm A7N01P-T4铝合金为研究对象,对其激光-MIG复合焊接头的焊缝（WM）、热影响区（HAZ）两个微区以及母材（BM）进行微区拉伸、断裂韧度等性能测试,并结合金相、断口扫描等分析该种接头各区及母材的性能差异.结果表明,A7N01P-T4铝合金母材的抗拉强度最高,其次为激光-MIG复合焊接头热影响区,焊缝最差;接头热影响区的断裂韧度J_m（14）值最高,约为119.580 kJ/mm2,其抵抗裂纹扩展的能力是3个区域中最强的;Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验表明,A7N01P-T4铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接头的断裂韧度测试结果具有较高的可靠性.     

ON FATIGUE CRACK PATH DEVIATION AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE IN ELECTRON BEAM REPAIRED WELDMENTS OF TURBINE DISK

Fatigue crack growth behaviors in electron beam weldments of a nickel-base superalloy are. studied. The objective of this paper is to discuss effects of the inhomogeneity of mechanical performance on fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate and crack path deviation (CPD). The base metal served in a turbine disk of aerospace engine was selected to fabricate bead-on-plate weldments by using electron beam welding. Some wedge-type opening loading specimens, notched in three different zone of weld metal, HAZ and base metal, were employed and performed fatigue crack growth tests at 650℃. The results show that the fatigue crack growth of electron beam welded joints is instable due to the influence of mechanical heterogeneities. Owing to the crack deviation at the weld metal and heat-affected-zone (HAZ), the effective growth driving force at the tip of fatigue crack was reduced with the reduction of the effective stress intensity factor (SIF) which finally causes fatigue crack rate decrease. Fatigue crack was strongly affected by size and the symmetrical characteristics of the plastic zone at the crack tip, which means that the integrity of the welded structure containing the fatigue crack mainly depended on the toughness of the low strenqth zone.     

Integrated fracture mechanics approach to analyse fatigue behaviour of welded joints

Abstract

Current fracture mechanics methods for fatigue assessment, including those that consider thresholds for crack propagation, are based on long crack behaviour. The present work is concerned with an attempt to predict the fatigue strength of welded joints using a fracture mechanics approach that takes into account the fatigue behaviour of short cracks. The methodology estimates the fatigue crack propagation rate as a function of the difference between the applied driving force and the material threshold for crack propagation, which is a function of crack length. The fatigue strength of butt welded specimens stressed transversely was analysed. Experimental results from the literature were used for comparison. Estimations are obtained by using only the fatigue limit and the fatigue propagation threshold for long cracks, and the applied stress distribution along the crack path obtained from simple finite element models. The influence of plate thickness, initial crack length, and reinforcement angle on fatigue strength of butt welded joints was analysed. Results show good agreement with experimental trends.     

9Ni钢T&T焊接工艺低温韧性

依据AWS D1.1M-2010,ISO 15653:2010对液化天然气(LNG)低温储罐钢9Ni钢TOP-TIG(T&T)焊接接头进行了夏比冲击韧性试验和断裂韧性(CTOD)试验. 另外对接头进行组织、XRD及断口分析,研究了9Ni钢T&T焊接接头低温韧性性能. 结果表明,T&T焊接接头冲击吸收功远高于标准要求,冲击韧性很好;热影响区组织主要为板条马氏体,位错密度高,断口韧窝浅而小,呈准解理断裂,焊缝区CTOD值较高,组织主要为奥氏体树枝状结构和等轴晶,断口含有大量韧窝,断裂韧性好. 9Ni钢T&T焊接接头-196 ℃低温韧性好,可以满足相关工程标准的要求.