亚共晶Al—Si合金熔体处理的研究进展

评述了近年来在亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的净化、变质和晶粒细化等熔体处理领域所取得的进展，指出将喷射熔剂法用于整个熔体处理过程是今后的发展趋势。     

Ba变质对亚共晶Al—Si合金初生α固溶性的细化作用

用含钡中间合金处理亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金,重点研究了Ｂａ元素细化α固溶体的效果和机理。研究表明：当合金中残留含Ｂａ量为０．０５％－０．０８％时,无论是硅晶体还是α固溶体均获得了最佳的变质和细化效果,力学性能也出现了峰值效应。扫描电镜和电子探针结果表明：Ｂａ元素主要吸附在α固溶体的枝晶间和枝晶前沿,因阻碍α固溶体的过快生长和促进枝晶分枝,熔断等耐起到了细化作用。     

Al-3B中间合金对亚共晶Al-Si合金的晶粒细化机制(英文)

Al-3B中间合金是亚共晶Al-Si合金的高效细化剂之一。实验研究了Al-3B中间合金中未溶AlB2颗粒对Al-7Si合金晶粒细化的影响。结果表明,AlB2颗粒的数目和沉降对晶粒细化效果都有重要影响。在实验结果和理论分析基础上,提出了Al-3B中间合金对亚共晶Al-Si合金晶粒细化的新机制,认为通过共晶反应形成的"Al-AlB2"包覆结构是导致晶粒细化的直接原因,未溶的AlB2颗粒是α(Al)相的间接行核基底。     

硼对Al-20Si合金初晶硅的细化作用

研究了B对过共晶Al-20Si合金中初晶Si的细化作用.结果表明,B对Al-20Si合金中初晶Si具有良好的细化作用.初晶Si尺寸先随B含量的增加而减小,当B含量为0.065%时初晶Si尺寸达到最小,之后,随B含量的增加而增大;添加微量的Ca和Mg可促进B对初晶Si的细化作用;C_2Cl_6精炼除气会削弱B对初晶Si的细化效果.B与Ca、Mg等元素能反应生成可作为Si异质核心的化合物可能是B具有细化初晶Si作用的原因.     

亚共晶Al-Si合金共晶团的形核与生长

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及电子背散射衍射技术研究亚共晶Al-Si合金共晶团的形核与生长。通过揭示共晶团和结晶位向的分析发现：在同一个共晶团中Si相和Al相都不是单晶体,而是由不同位向的小＂晶粒＂构成的。提出不能依据共晶团中Al相与周围初生枝晶Al相的位向关系来确定共晶的形核模式的建议。然而,初生枝晶铝相的演化显著影响随后的共晶形核与生长。涉及的杂质元素使共晶Si的形貌由粗大的片状转变成细小的纤维状的变质行为,可能与共晶的形核无关。     

亚共晶Al-Si合金的细化处理

比较了Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ,Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ中间合金对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的晶粒细化效果。结果表明,Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ中间合金的细化作用明显优于Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ。主要是Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ中间合金加入熔体中,过量的Ｔｉ在ＴｉＢ２／熔体界面形成三元铝化物,通过包晶反应成为α－Ａｌ的异质晶核,但包晶反应温度的急剧下降是导致晶粒细化能力下降的直接原因;而Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ中间合金加入熔体中,过量的Ｂ在ＴｉＢ２／熔体界面形成富Ｂ层,在冷却过程中,将发生共晶反应,生成大量的α－Ａｌ晶核,达到细化目的。     

过共晶Al—Si合金性能和细化工艺概述

综述了过共晶Al-Si合金的性能特点和硅相的细化工艺,同时指出过共晶Al-Si合金尚未需解决的技术问题     

过共晶Al—Si合金连续铸造中初晶硅细化的新方法

向熔体中加磷产生ＡｌＰ使Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金的初晶细化。以往采用铜－磷中间合金向炉中加磷的方法有若干缺点，本文介绍新开发的一种杆状Ａｌ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ中间合金，它含有ＡｌＰ。这种中间合金加入后立刻起细化作用，而且的需加入的磷大大减少，可以在直接水冷铸锭铸造期间，在正常的铸造温度下，将杆状Ａｌ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ中间合金连续加到流槽中，从而避免了加入Ｃｕ－Ｐ合金时的缺点。     

Al-3B对亚共晶Al-Si合金的晶粒细化作用

从热分析角度研究Al-3B对Al-7Si的晶粒细化作用,B对Al-7Si晶粒细化的最佳加入量为0.03%。考察了Al-3B对不同Si含量亚共晶铝硅合金的晶粒细化作用,B对高硅含量亚共晶铝硅合金的晶粒细化效果更好。分析了B对亚共晶铝硅合金的细化机理,认为Al-B共晶理论可以有效解释试验现象。     

熔体混合对过共晶Al-Si合金细化的研究

研究了高温Al-30%Si合金熔体和低温Al-7%Si合金熔体混合后浇铸得到的过共晶Al-Si合金显微组织及力学性能.结果表明:不同成分的高低温熔体混合后可有效细化过共晶Al-Si合金的初晶Si尺寸:混合前熔体温差越大,初晶Si细化效果越好;随着混合后静置时间的增加,初晶Si的尺寸变大,Al-Si合金硬度增加.并探讨了其细化机理.     

功率超声对Al—Si合金组织和性能的影响

研制成功率超声铸造设备和附属装置, 研究了全过程超声处理和结晶前超声处理对ＡｌＳｉ 共晶和过共晶合金铸造组织和性能的影响。结果表明： 适宜的超声参数对初晶Ｓｉ 和共晶Ｓｉ 组织具有双重细化作用, 使Ｓｉ 破碎变成颗粒状, 合金的机械强度和塑性明显提高。认为超声细化合金组织存在阈值声压, 对功率超声细化合金组织的机理进行了理论上的分析和探讨。     

Zr对Sr变质近共晶Al-Si铸造合金组织和性能的影响

分析了Zr对Sr变质近共晶Al-Si铸造合金组织的影响.结果表明,随着Zr加入量的增加,枝晶α(Al)有等轴化趋势;当Zr加入量为0.5%～0.6%时,枝晶α完全等轴化;这是由于熔体中形成了ZrAl3颗粒,在合金凝固过程中起到了异质生核作用,并且Zr对共晶硅的形态、尺寸没有明显影响;随着Zr加入量增加,合金的力学性能明显提高.     

铝硅合金的振动变质研究

研究了超声振动对铝硅合金的变质作用,结果表明：功能超声能提高液相形核率,抑制Ｓｉ相长大;空化效应能打断生长中的硅晶体,改变硅的形态和分布,减小其对基体的削弱作用,超声变质是细化合金组织,提高合金性能的有效途径。     

电脉冲处理对亚共晶铁碳合金珠光体组织的影响

研究了电脉冲（ECP）处理对亚共晶铁碳合金珠光体组织的影响。结果表明,亚共晶铁碳合金经ECP处理后,促进了石墨的生成,增加了铁素体的形核率,最终导致组织中铁素体相对含量增加,珠光体相对含量相应降低;ECP处理同样增加了共析转变的有效驱动力,且随着输出电压的升高,珠光体内的渗碳体层片逐渐变短、变薄,珠光体的显微硬度逐渐增加。     

Heterogeneous nucleation of Mg–Al alloys

Grain size is one of the most important microstructural characteristics determining the mechanical properties and therefore the service performance of polycrystalline materials. Heterogeneous nucleation involves the addition or in situ formation of potent nuclei in the system to promote nucleation events, leading to a fine grain structure. This paper reports experimental results using graphite and SiC as potential grain refining agents to form in situ nuclei for Mg in Mg–Al alloys, and demonstrates the key role of Al₄C₃ in grain refining this important alloy system. This insight will contribute to the design and development of the most cost effective, eco-friendly grain refining agents for Mg–Al alloys.     

Effect of silicon content and pouring temperature on the shape of eutectic silicon in strip-cast hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys

This study investigated the influence of silicon content and pouring temperature on the shape of eutectic silicon in the hypoeutectic Al-Si strips produced by an unequal-diameter twin-roller strip caster. The strips had three different silicon contents; 6.35wt%, 8.89wt% and 10.67wt%. They were poured at various temperatures from 600 °C to 650 °C.

The results indicate equiaxed cells in the central zone of the strips. While both acicular and granular eutectic silicon can be observed in this equiaxed-cell zone, the area of the zone with granular particles increases with decreasing pouring temperature in the strips of higher silicon content. Al-10.67wt% Si strip, having the highest silicon content, can obtain completely granular particles when poured at the lowest temperature of 600 °C.

Acicular eutectic silicon particles which lead to crack initiation largely account for the elongation deterioration. Nonetheless, if the particles in the equiaxed-cell zone are partly or all granular, the elongation can be enhanced. Hence, increasing silicon content and lowering pouring temperature to modify the eutectic silicon in the equiaxed-cell zone from acicular to granular can improve the ductility.     

Effect of area fraction and morphology of silicon particles on fracture behaviour of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys under resonant vibration

The effect of area fraction and morphology of silicon particles on the fracture behaviour of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys was studied under resonant vibration. Experimental results suggested that vibrational life of specimens was affected by deflection amplitude which could be correlated with area fraction of silicon particles, and by morphology of silicon particles. Increasing the area fraction of silicon particles can increase a specimen's damping capacity, which may reduce the deflection amplitude of the specimen. A reduction of deflection amplitude could be considered as a factor which increases vibrational life. In as-cast samples, acicular silicon particles were detrimental to the vibrational life across a range of silicon contents, and consequently, the factor of deflection amplitude did not cause a significant effect However, after spheroidizing the silicon particles by solution treatment, the damping indicated by the effect of deflection amplitude became influential and the vibrational life could be improved by increasing the area fraction of silicon particles.     

Effect of eutectic phase on damping and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Ni hypoeutectic alloys

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was applied to systematically investigate the low frequency damping properties of as-cast hypoeutectic Mg-Ni alloys. The results show that the as-cast hypoeutectic Mg-Ni alloys exhibit high damping capacities. The strain amplitude dependent damping curve has its own special characteristic, in which the damping is strongly related to the strain amplitude. The effect of the eutectic phase on damping and the mechanical properties of as-cast hypoeutectic Mg-Ni alloys were also discussed in detail.     

THERMAL RATE TREATMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON MODIFICATION OF Al-Si ALLOYS

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Application of positron annihilation spectroscopy to study the recovery of commercial pure Al and Al-0.96 wt.% Si alloys

Isochronal annealing of quenched commercial pure Al (99.95%) and Al-0.96 wt.% Si was investigated between room temperature (RT) and 550 °C. The annealing of defects was studied using positron lifetime and Doppler broadening (DB) techniques. The retardation of annealing defects in the two alloys is interpreted in terms of precipitation of impurities and Si atoms, as well as defect properties (size and concentration) in the framework of the two state trapping model.