Bi2Te3纳米颗粒和纳米线的溶剂热合成及组织特征

分别以吡啶、无水乙醇为反应介质,以NaBH4为还原剂,采用溶剂热合成方法,在150℃下反应24 h制备了平均晶粒尺寸为15～20 nm的Bi2Te3纳米粒子.采用相同的合成方法,以去离子水为反应介质,合成了直径为30～80 nm,长径比大于100的Bi2Te3纳米线.XRD和TEM分析表明,随着溶剂介电常数和极性增加,所生成产物的物相纯度、结晶度增高,晶粒尺寸增大.     

Ga、K双掺杂对N型Bi_2Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3)材料热电性能的影响

采用真空熔炼及热压方法制备了Ga和K双掺杂N型Bi2Te2.7Se0.3热电材料。XRD分析结果表明,Ga和K已经完全固溶到Bi2Te2.7Se0.3晶体结构中,形成了单相固溶体合金。SEM分析表明,材料组织致密且有层状结构特征。通过Ga和K部分替代Bi,在300~500 K的大部分温度范围内,Ga和K双掺杂对提高Bi2Te2.7Se0.3的Seebeck系数产生了积极的作用,同时双掺杂样品的电导率也得到明显的提高。Ga和K双掺杂样品的热导率都大于未掺杂的Bi2Te2.7Se0.3,Ga0.02Bi1.94K0.04Te2.7Se0.3合金在500 K获得ZT最大值为1.05。     

SPS法制备的赝二元合金（Ga2Te3）x-（Bi0．5Sb1．5Te3）1-x（x=0～0．2）电学性能

采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）方法制备了赝二元合金（Ga2Te3）（Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3）1-x（x=0—0．2），并研究其电学性能。结果表明，在318K时（Ga2Te3）x-（Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3）1-x（x=0．1）合金的电导率为3．7×10^4Ω^-1·m^-1，是三元合金Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3的2倍，而Seebeck系数没有明显下降。从所测得的a和σ值可知，赝二元（Ga2Te3）x-（Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3）1-x（x=0．1）合金的功率因子最大，为2．1×10^-3（W·K^-2·m^-1），是三元Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3合金的1．5倍。     

真空熔炼及热压烧结制备Bi2Te2.7Se0.3热电材料的微结构研究

采用真空熔炼制备了三元Bi2Te2.7Se0.3合金材料,再利用热压烧结法烧结成型,用XRD和SEM对材料物相成分和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,Bi、Te、Se单质粉末经真空熔炼形成了单相Bi2Te2.7Se0.3合金,热压烧结过程中未发生相变反应,热压烧结后仍为单相Bi2Te2.7Se0.3;热压烧结后热电材料在微观结构上存在各向异性,沿垂直于压力方向产生优化取向,沿(0001)面的解理断裂局限在单颗晶粒的尺寸范围,这预示着能够在增强材料力学性能的同时提高热电性能。     

机械合金化法制备的Mn15Bi34Te51和La15Bi34Te51热电材料

用机械合金化法制备了Mn15Bi34Te51和La15Bi34Te51合金，XRD分析表明Mn15Bi34Te51和La15Bi34Te51分别在真空球磨150h和100h后实现合金化，La15Bi34Te51在真空球磨150h后形成了纳米结构的合金，镧原子的加入有助于Bi2Te3基合金的晶粒细化及非晶化。对La15Bi34Te51合金的XRD结构分析表明镧原子有可能进入了Bi2Te3层状结构的Te-Te原子层间。La15Bi34Te51合金Seebeck系数的测量表明当晶粒尺寸减小到纳米尺寸时，载流子散射机制有可能发生改变，导致了Seebeck系数的大幅上升。     

Bi_2Te_3和Bi_(0.5)Sb_(1.5)Te_3的机械合金化法制备及其热电性能

用机械合金法制备了Bi2 Te3和Bi0 .5Sb1 .5Te3两种热电材料。XRD分析表明两种材料分别在球磨 1 75h和 31 5h后完全合金化。机械合金化合金粉末冷压后在不同温度烧结并测量了热电性能 ,其中Bi0 .5Sb1 .5Te3材料480℃烧结样的最高Seebeck系数约为 2 0 0 μV/K。     

急冷甩带过程和过量Te对p型Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3化合物热电性能的影响

采用感应熔炼制备得到了P型Bi0.5 Sb1.5Te3+x％(质量)Te(x=0、2、4和6)合金.将合金均匀分成R和S两组,R组不作处理,S组通过急冷甩带过程获得厚度约为5～15 μm的薄带,然后将两组样品分别粉碎过筛后,热压烧结成块体材料.利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了薄带和烧结块体的形貌结构,在室温下测量其电性能....     

单晶Bi_2Te_(3-x)Se_x合金的鉴定与表征（英文）

研究基于Bi2Te3合金的n型半导体的实验制备。该材料可用于制备热电散热器和发电设备。采用Czochralski法制备Bi2Te2.88Se0.12固溶单晶体。采用电子显微镜研究样品的组织变化。利用EDS分析实验合金的成分,并确立化合物的经验分子式。XRD表明Bi2Te2.88Se0.12样品为具有斜方六面体结构的单晶。利用差热分析研究合金的加热行为。利用热重分析研究材料的物理和化学性能随温度的变化。从XRD分析得到的Bi2Te2.88Se0.12晶格参数与Bi2Te3的非常相近,表明只有少部分Te被Se取代。所得的单晶的比电导率和比热导率与已有数据相符。所得维氏显微硬度为HV 187~39.02,且随着载荷增加,硬度降低。结果表明可以采用红外热成像法对热电元件和模块进行表征。     

SPS法制备n-型Ag掺杂四元Ag-Bi-Se-Te 合金及其热电性能

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)方法制备Ag掺杂四元Ag-Bi-Se-Te合金,并分析研究其热电性能.结果表明:掺杂Ag后,合金AgxBi(2-x)Se0.3Te2.7(x=0.005～0.04)的Seebeck系数均为负值,说明材料属于n-型半导体;当温度大约在428.0K时,x=0.04合金的Seebeck系数绝对值(|a|)出现最大值,其值为1.80×10-4V·K-1,比三元合金Bi2Se0.3Te2.7的最大值增大约16%;材料电导率随Ag含量的增加而下降.如果采用相同方法制备且成分按(Bi2Te3)0.9-(Bi2-xAgxSe3)0.1(x=0～0.4)设计的材料热扩散系数进行估算,当温度在477.0 K时,合金AgxBi(2-x)Se0.3Te2.7(x=0.04)的ZT值出现最大值,其值为0.75,比典型三元合金Bi2Se0.3Te2.7的最大值增大约0.09.     

Bi2Te3片式阵列的制备及生成机理

以Bi（NO3）3和Te为反应物，在乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA-2Na）、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）与乙醇组成的混合溶剂以及过量强碱KOH的作用下，通过溶剂热反应，制得Bi2Te3热电材料的片式阵列纳米结构。利用XRD、SEM、EDX对产物的物相、形貌及成分进行了表征和研究。通过实验研究推断这种BizTe，片式阵列的形成过程可能是一个络合-成核-生长-脱离-组装的过程。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。