Adsorbent Production Using Oil Shale from the Kendyrlyk Deposit

The thermal activation of Kendyrlyk shale (at temperatures of 700–800°C) facilitates the production of a porous carbon material—activated shale. Currently available techniques such as electron microscopy and IR-spectroscopic analysis were used, and the elemental composition was determined. The morphology of the samples was studied, and the type of carbon modification was revealed; the adsorption characteristics of the samples were determined by the BET method. It was established that the specific surface area and the specific pore volume substantially increased as a result of the high-temperature activation of shale. The resulting activated shale was tested as an adsorbent.     

Catalytic Refinement of Crude Shale Oil from the Oil Shale of the Kotsebinskoe Deposit

The fractional distillation of crude shale oil was carried out for the removal of low-boiling components, and the yield of this fraction was 28 wt %. The catalytic removal of sulfur-containing compounds on a DN-200 commercial catalyst was performed. The degree of removal of sulfur compounds from crude shale oil was 94%. It was found that the shale oil after catalytic refinement satisfied the GOST [State Standard] requirements imposed on the concentration of sulfur compounds, and it can be used for the production of shale oil coke.     

Clay Shale from the Dzherdanakskoe Deposit: A High-Quality Ceramic Material

The properties of clay shale from the Dzherdanakskoe deposit (Uzbekistan) are investigated. It is established that a mullite-resembling phase with an elevated silicon oxide content is formed in thermal treatment. The possibility of producing refractories, porcelain, and faience based on material from this deposit is demonstrated.     

Influence of Temperature on the Hydrogenation of Oil Shale from the Kashpir Deposit

The effect of the hydrogenation temperature of oil shale from the Kashpir deposit on the yield and the properties of the resulting liquid hydrocarbons and gasoline and diesel fractions separated from them was studied. It was found that synthetic oil can be obtained from high-sulfur oil shale with the use of hydrogenation processing. In this case, it is possible to extract more than 90% of the organic matter of oil shale. Depending on the temperature of this processing, the sulfur content of the synthetic oil varied from 2.8 to 4.2 wt %, and the nitrogen and light fraction contents varied from 1.3 to 1.6 and from 34 to 67 wt %, respectively.     

Chemical composition and heat capacity of shale from the Kendyrlyk and Shubarkol deposits

The composition of shale from the Kendyrlyk and Shubarkol deposits in Kazakhstan was studied with the use of chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity of the test shale was examined by dynamic calorimetry. Based on the experimental data, equations were derived for the temperature dependence of the heat capacity of shale. The results are of interest for the determination of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the above shale.     

NTO的比热容、热力学性质及绝热至爆时间

运用Micro-DSCⅢ微热量仪测定NTO的比热容,在283～353 K时,比热容随温度呈稳定的线性变化,比热容与温度的关系式为:Cp=0.2806 2.7103×10-3T,298.15 K时NTO的标准摩尔比热容为141.53 J·mol-1·K-1.根据测定的比热容方程,计算出NTO以298.15 K为基础,283～353 K温区的热力学函数焓、熵和吉布斯自由能.由比热容与温度的关系式及NTO的热分解参数得到了NTO绝热至爆时间为1.95～1.99 s.     

RDX的比热容、热力学性质及绝热至爆时间

应用Micro-DSCⅢ微热量仪测定了RDX的比热容,得到了二次方温度方程,298.15 K时RDX的标准摩尔比热容为251.17 J·mol-1·K-1.运用Gaussian 03W程序的DFT-RB3LYP/6-311 G* *方法对RDX在280～350 K的温区内进行比热容理论计算.结果表明,理论值低于实测值,偏差在12.72%～15.94%.用测得的比热容方程计算了298.15 K为基础的RDX的热力学函数,并得到了绝热至爆时间为3.10～3.19 s.     

Electrophysical Properties of Oxide Interlanthanides and Solid Solutions Based on Them

The electrophysical properties and nature of oxide interlanthanides LaYO₃, LaYbO₃, LaErO₃, NdLuO₃, LaGdO₃, and GdLuO₃, pure and doped by calcium and hafnium oxides with close ionic radii, are investigated within a temperature interval from 900 to 1600°C and oxygen partial pressure from 2×10⁴ to 1×10^–10 Pa. It is demonstrated that the electric conductivity of the materials considered is determined by nonstoichiometric disordering. The results obtained can be used for synthesis of new types of thermoresistors, oxygen sensors, and other ceramic sensors, as well as various dielectric materials.     

Calculation of the Heat Capacity of Oxide Glass-Forming Melts and Evaluation of the Heat Capacity Jump in the Glass Transition Range from Chemical Composition

An empirical formula relating the heat capacity jump in the glass transition range to the temperature coefficient of the viscosity logarithm for oxide glass-forming materials over a wide range of compositions is derived. A method is proposed for evaluating the heat capacity and the heat capacity jump in the glass transition range from composition of glass-forming melts in the oxide system containing 64 components. The results of calculations are compared with the experimental data available in the SciGlass information system. The root-mean-square deviation between the calculated and experimental heat capacities of melts is equal to 2.5 J/(g-atom K), which corresponds to a relative error of 8–10%. The relationships proposed can be used for estimating relaxation changes of the heat capacity in the glass transition range in glasses for which this property is not studied experimentally.     

Composition and Properties of Brown Coal from the Bodonskoe Deposit in Buryatia

The composition and properties of coal from the Bodonskoe deposit were studied. It was shown that this is low-sulfur (S ^d = 0.3–1.0%) and medium-ash grade 1B brown coal with a high yield of volatile substances (V ^daf = 56.1–60.9%). The humic acid content varies from 32.3 to 50.8%. The heat of combustion of coal is Q _s ^daf = 26.0–27.4 MJ/kg. The concentrations of toxic elements in the coal samples are at a background level.     

Forecasting the Change in Electrophysical Properties of Engineering Ceramics Subjected to Long-Term Heating

The changes in electrophysical properties of M-4, UF-46, and M-7 ceramic materials during thermal aging at 170 to 350°C over a testing period of up to 10 thousand hours are measured. Aging mechanisms are considered and semi-empirical analytical models for predicting the resistance of engineering ceramics to long-term heating are proposed.     

Sorption of Iron(III) Cations from Aqueous Solutions by Oil Shale from the Kotsebinskoe Deposit and by Its Ash

The process of the adsorption of Fe(III) cations from aqueous solutions with concentrations of 50–400 mg/L by shale from the Kotsebinskoe deposit in Saratov oblast and by its ash was studied. The isotherms of absorption were constructed, and it was established that the adsorptive capacities of the shale and its mineral component for the cations of Fe(III) were 16 and 5 mg/g, respectively. For this reason, these materials can be used as adsorbents for the purification of wastewater.     

热容的计算

论述各种情况下气体、液体和固体热容的计算方法。     

油页岩渣制备洗涤助剂4A分子筛的工艺条件和性能研究

以油页岩渣为原料,采用水热合成法制得4A分子筛.重点考察了n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)比、n(H2O)/n(Na2O)比、晶化时间、晶化温度对分子筛Ca2+交换量的影响.适宜的合成条件为:n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)=2.5,n(H2O)/n(Na2O) =50,晶化时间18 h,晶化温度90℃.并用XRD、SEM测试手段对合成的分子筛的晶体结构、表面形貌等进行了表征,结果表明,制备的样品为4A型分子筛结构,属于立方形晶型.     

Thermodynamic calculation of the equilibrium composition of the gasification products of oil shale from the Kendyrlyk deposit

Based on the thermodynamic calculations of the equilibrium composition of the gasification products of shale from the Kendyrlyk deposit (Republic of Kazakhstan) (air blast coefficient α = 0.3; pressure, 0.1 MPa) with consideration for the chemical composition of the ash of mineral components (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, K₂O, and Na₂O) and the concentrations of trace elements (Cu, Sr, Zn, Cr, Ti, Mn, and Ni) in it, the constituents of a gas phase (the most probable of 500 substances) were determined depending on the process temperature. The equilibrium compositions of gas and condensed phases at a temperature of 1185.65 K were calculated using the HSC Chemistry software.     

聚丙烯保温材料连续比热容的测定

介绍差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定材料连续比热容的原理和实验过程,用DSC法测定了标准样品苯甲酸及3种聚丙烯保温材料样品在310￣370K的连续比热容。苯甲酸测定结果与文献值之差不大于0.02J/(K.g),3种聚丙烯保温材料样品平行测定结果之差不大于0.03J/(K.g)。     

页岩灰在油页岩固体热载体流态化干馏中催化作用试验分析

通过对油页岩固体热载体流态化干馏中试装置所产页岩油与某气体热载体所产页岩油对比分析,页岩灰在固体热载体干馏中具有一定的催化作用,并通过实验室验证该催化作用的存在。