轻集料混凝土的抗渗性能研究

利用快速氯离子渗透试验和溶液气压法研究了粉煤灰、矿渣和硅灰三种矿物掺合料对轻集料混凝土抗渗性能的影响.结果表明,掺合料的加入能够显著提高轻集料混凝土的抗渗性能;利用SEM、孔结构试验探讨了掺合料提高轻集料混凝土抗渗性的作用机理,研究结果为深入开展高性能轻集料混凝土的研究提供了参考.     

基于渗流理论的矿物掺合料效应分析方法

根据基于渗流理论的孔隙率强度模型的物理意义,认为利用矿物掺合料硬化浆体数据拟合的模型参数值以及不同龄期孔隙率-强度数据点与纯水泥拟合曲线的偏差,可分析矿物掺合料的掺合料效应。对钢渣、矿渣和粉煤灰等的掺合料效应分析表明,矿物掺合料均能在一定程度上提高孔在三维空间渗流临界点的水泥石强度σ0,体现了其微集料效应。因不同矿物掺合料的二次水化反应能力差异,在长短不一的水化早期内使其硬化浆体强度较纯水泥有一定下降,体现出不同程度的强度负效应,而在水化后期,各矿物掺合料均体现出一定的强度正效应。     

矿物掺合料对混凝土氯离子渗透扩散性研究

研究了不同种类、不同掺量的矿物掺合料对混凝土氯离子渗透性的影响,试验结果显示:单掺矿物掺合料(磨细粉煤灰、矿渣、硅灰)改善混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力,且改善效果硅灰最佳,磨细粉煤灰其次,矿渣最差.从机理上分析,矿物掺合料的火山灰效应改善了混凝土中水泥石与集料之间的薄弱界面,降低孔隙率,使孔细化,同时生成更多低碱度的C-S-H凝胶增加混凝土的Cl-固化能力,从而提高了混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力.     

大掺量矿粉活性粉末混凝土性能与微结构研究

对大掺量矿物细粉活性粉末混凝土收缩、钢纤维锈蚀、抗碳化性能、抗氯离子渗透等性能进行了试验研究,并通过孔结构和扫描电镜实验对其微结构进行分析.结果表明,大掺量矿物细粉活性粉末混凝土的早期收缩小、抗钢纤维锈蚀、抗碳化、抗氯离子渗透等性能好.孔结构试验表明,大掺量矿物细粉活性粉末混凝土的孔隙率均在5%左右,孔分布情况很均匀,主要以微小的小孔为主;水泥用量为300 kg/m3的大掺量矿物细粉活性粉末混凝土硬化体水化产物主要由不规则等粒子状的Ⅲ型C-S-H凝胶紧密堆积在一起,凝胶精细、致密,且与骨料融为一体.     

高性能轻集料混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能研究

研究了胶凝材料用量、砂率、矿物掺合料和引气剂对高性能轻集料混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响规律,探讨了轻集料混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性与材料组成、密实度及孔隙特征的关系,通过调整混凝土中胶凝材料用量、水胶比、高效减水剂和矿物掺合料配比,可以有效地细化混凝土孔隙结构、改善界面区、减少不利晶相数量和提高混凝土的密实度,从而提高混凝土抵抗氯离子侵蚀的能力.     

高性能填充轻集料混凝土试验研究

为了解决钢管混凝土结构高性能填充材料的制备问题,选用高强水泥、粉煤灰、硅灰、膨胀剂、页岩陶粒、页岩陶砂与天然砂组成的混合细集料、高效减水剂和增稠剂制备出具有轻质、微膨胀和自密实性能的高强混凝土,设计18个试验组对比分析了混合细集料中天然砂体积分数、胶凝材料用量和体积砂率对混凝土工作性能、物理力学性能和硬化变形性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:选用上述原材料,采用内掺法和松散体积法进行掺合料和混合细集料用量设计,调整混合细集料中天然砂和陶砂的体积比来改良颗粒级配,每m3混凝土掺入540~570 kg胶凝材料,体积砂率取值47%左右,可制备出适用于钢管轻集料混凝土结构的高性能填充轻集料混凝土.     

硅灰掺量对活性粉末混凝土(RPC200)性能的影响

为了解硅灰对活性粉末混凝土性能的影响,以及硅灰在活性粉末混凝土中的增强机理,通过试验分析,讨论了活性粉末混凝土中硅灰掺量变化对混凝土密度、相对密度和抗压强度等性能的影响.硅灰的微填充效应有利于提高活性粉末混凝土的密度和相对密度,而火山灰效应有利于提高其强度.当硅灰掺量约为水泥掺量的25%~35%时,可获得性能较好的RPC200.为降低成本而又不大幅度损害活性粉末混凝土的强度,超细粉煤灰等矿物掺合料替代硅灰的量不宜超过20%.     

矿物掺合料对机制砂水泥基自流平砂浆性能的影响

试验选用普通硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥与半水石膏的三元胶凝体系,选用机制砂作为细集料,制备全机制砂水泥基自流平砂浆.选用粉煤灰、石粉与硅灰作为矿物掺合料,并研究矿物掺合料对全机制砂制水泥基自流平砂浆流动度、抗压抗折强度与尺寸变化率的影响.研究结果表明:矿物掺合料的火山灰效应对自流平砂浆力学性能的发展产生积极影响,自流平砂...     

增钙灰的粉煤灰效应分析

本文从定性、定量两方面分析了增钙灰的“粉煤灰效应”．研究表明,品质好的增钙灰具有明显的“粉煤灰效应”,可用做掺合料配制较高强度的混凝土,“粉煤灰效应”包含形态效应、活性效应、微集料效应三方面的综合作周,定量分析便于把握材料的性质,指导材料的应用。     

锰渣掺合料在混凝土中的试验研究

锰渣作为生产锰铁合金的副产物,通常被当作工业废弃物堆积,填埋,所以将其作为混凝土掺合料有效的资源化利用具有重要意义.通过对C20、C40、C50 3个等级混凝土进行不同锰渣掺量的试验,测试其强度变化趋势.试验发现,在C20混凝土中,锰渣掺量可以超过30%,微集料填充作用突出;在C40、C50凝土中,锰渣掺量在20%时,强度均超过基准混凝土.研究表明:锰渣在混凝土中前期主要起到微集料作用,调节混凝土的颗粒级配,可以使混凝土更加密实,孔隙形貌改变;当微小的锰渣颗粒填充到混凝土孔隙中,混凝土便能达到很好堆积效果,减少碱环境,使混凝土达到更好的强度和耐久性能.     

Effect of calcium leaching on the properties of cement-based composites

Leaching is one of the major factors that alter the mechanical properties of cement-based composites. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of leaching on the properties of cement-based composites. Specimens with two water/cementitious ratios and two mineral admixtures were tested. An electrical potential was applied to accelerate the leaching process. Compressive strength test, scanning electronic microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted. Test results demonstrated that the calcium leaching reduced compressive strengths of concrete specimens, and such effect was prominent on the specimens without mineral admixtures. The leaching resistance increased with a decrease in water/cementitious ratio and an increase in amount of mineral admixtures. The mineral admixtures would reduce the amount of calcium hydroxide and refine the pore structure through pozzolanic reactions. A fair relationship was found between the calcium leaching and the compressive strength.     

Resistance to chemical attack of bittern-resisting cement in high-bittern environment

A new kind of bittern-resisting cement （BRC） was introduced. This material is based on the ternary cementitious system of clinker containing C4A3 S phase, high-activity ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBFS） and fly ash （FA）. The hydration process and the hydrated products of BRC were studied by means of XRD, TG-DTA and SEM, and the resistance to chemical attack of BRC in high-bittern environment was also examined. The corrosion experiment in seven kinds of brines proved that BRC exhibits an excellent resistance to chemical attack of bittern. The corrosion resistance factors were calculated and all of them were greater than 0.96. It showed that BRC totally controls the cement-based material corrosion in brines from four aspects： （1） making full use of the dominant complementation effect of mineral materials; （2） diminishing the hydrated products easy to be attacked; （3） improving the microstructure of hardened cement mortar; （4） degrading the chemical attack of bittern.     

电石渣—脱硫石膏复合激发充填材料性能及微观结构

针对传统充填材料高碳排放、高成本问题,以“绿色矿山”为理念,选用工业固废电石渣、脱硫石膏和矿渣为胶凝组分,以尾矿砂为骨料制备充填材料。利用X射线（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱分析(EDS)等手段研究充填料水化产物及微观形貌,并开展工作性能、力学性能和重金属固化性能试验。结果表明：所开发的充填材料凝结时间和流动度均满足矿山充填工程要求,充填体7、28 d抗压强度可达4.6、7.9 MPa,充填体浸出液中Pb、Zn浓度低于规定限值。电石渣内的氢氧化钙提供碱性环境,脱硫石膏提供硫酸根离子,两者对矿渣内的硅铝质原料复合激发,生成以钙矾石和C-A-S-H凝胶为主的水化产物。大量针棒状结构的钙矾石晶体及网状结构的C-A-S-H凝胶相互穿插,并且与尾砂颗粒紧密结合,随着龄期延长,结构更加致密,使充填体具有良好的力学性能。     

桥梁清水混凝土设计方法与匀质性控制

根据桥梁工程结构特点,提出了桥梁清水混凝土的配合比优化设计方法,制备出粘聚性与包裹性好、流动度佳,且具有优良力学性能的C30~C50高性能清水混凝土。通过对混凝土拌合物含气量、硬化试件不同部位显微硬度与微观结构的测试,分析了增粘剂对其匀质性的影响规律。试验表明：对于C30桥梁清水混凝土,掺5×10 -5的纤维素醚或掺6%的硅灰时,混凝土的含气量不超过2%,浆体旋转粘度值在1 900~2 000 MPa·s之间,试件不同部位显微硬度值接近,匀质性好,结构密实。     

Analysis of Hydration Mechanism and Microstructure of Composite Cementitious Materials for Filling Mining

To obtain the compositions and microstructure of hydration products of cementitious material in different hydration ages and its growth law of filling strength, the optimal proportion of composite cementitious material was determined according to the chemical composition of cement clinker which was composed of the Portland cement 32.5R, CSA 42.5 sulphoaluminate cement and two gypsum(CS). The characterization of composite cementitious materials in different hydration ages was conducted by NMR, XRD and SEM techniques. The mechanism of hydration was explored. It is shown that the compressive strength of the test block increases gradually with the increase of hydration age. The microstructure of composite cementitious material can be changed from Al-O octahedron into Al-O tetrahedron in the hydration process. The hydrated alkali alumi niumsilicate formed with Si-O tetrahedron and Al-O tetrahedron. The degree of polymerization of Si-O tetrahedron gradually increased, and the structural strength of cementitious materials continued to increase. The diffraction peak of clinker minerals gradually decreased with the extension of hydration age. The CaSO_4 completely hydrated to produce Aft during hydration which resulted in high early strength of cementitious material. The early hydration product of composite cementitious materials was Aft with a needle bar structure. The main middle and last hydration products were CSH gel and CH gel with dense prismatic shape. The microscopic pore of composite cementitious material gradually decreased and improved the later strength of filling block. The strong support was provided for mined-out area.     

高性能多功能桥墩永久模板节段节点性能分析

为了给高性能多功能桥墩永久模板节段节点设计提供科学依据,根据超高性能水泥基复合材料( UHPCC)纵向节段间的节点联接构造,分析了界面应力,建立了切向应力和法向应力分量的表达,提出了界面联接率的设计参量,并给出了焊缝节点应力极限状态方程.基于荷载规范,给出了永久模板的施工荷载计算参量表达.简要介绍了UHPCC的基本性能、计算模型,提出了将UHPCC应用于桥墩用多功能永久模板的设计概念,并结合典型墩柱结构进行了UHPCC管界面节点性能的计算,分析了壁厚、焊缝有效厚度等设计参量对节点性能的影响规律,分析了界面联接参量对焊缝应力的影响规律,提出了UHPCC管连接节点的设计方案.该研究为UHPCC永久模板管结构节段节点强度设计奠定了基础.     

水泥基材料早期水化特性与体积稳定性的关系

采用五路裂缝测定仪和非接触式电阻率测定仪，分别测试了水泥砂浆在干燥条件下约束收缩开裂的初裂时间与相应水泥浆体早期水化24h内的电阻率变化，分析研究了水泥浆体在非常早期水化中的电阻率极小值与相应砂浆的初裂时间的关系，结果发现二者之间具有较好的线性相关性（相关系数〉0．90）。机理研究表明在水泥类型和骨料确定的条件下，胶凝材料体系初始水化的液相特征是影响早期收缩开裂的关键；不同化学与矿物外加剂及微量组分（可溶碱）的添加将通过改变水化的液相特征而影响水化物的初始形成速率、形貌、分散性及其生长能力等，最终影响材料的体积稳定性。     

Preparation of Reactive Powder Concrete Using Fly Ash and Steel Slag Powder

To decrease the cement and SF content of RPC by using ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA) and steel slag powder (SS), the effect of these mineral admixtures on compressive strength of RPC were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the utilization of UFFA and SS in RPC is feasible and has prominent mechanical performance. The microstructure analysis (SEM and TG-DTG-DSC) demonstrated that the excellent mechanical properties of RPC containing SS and UFFA were mainly attributed to the sequential hydration ...     

Preparation of reactive powder concrete using fly ash and steel slag powder

To decrease the cement and SF content of RPC by using ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA) and steel slag powder (SS), the effect of these mineral admixtures on compressive strength of RPC were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the utilization of UFFA and SS in RPC is feasible and has prominent mechanical performance. The microstructure analysis (SEM and TG-DTG-DSC) demonstrated that the excellent mechanical properties of RPC containing SS and UFFA were mainly attributed to the sequential hydration filling effect of the compound system.     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Blended Cement Containing Modified Quartz Tailing

The amount of inert quartz tailing used in concrete construction is limited due to the low strength development of cementitious materials that may be caused by the quartz tailing. We manage to increase the strength of blended cement by modifying quartz tailing through solid-phase reaction of quartz tailing with carbide slag at high temperature. The mineral composition and morphology of the modified quartz tailing were examined by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The mechanical properties and microstructure of blended cement mortars containing modified quartz tailing were investigated. Results showed that the strengths of blended cement mortars containing modified quartz tailing were close to those of the corresponding blended cement mortars containing quartz tailing at early age of 3 d, but increased significantly to be similar to that of plain Portland cement mortars at late ages of 90 d. This is attributed to the microstructure densification and the enhancement of interface between quartz tailing and cement paste due to the hydration of b-C_2 S surface layer on modified quartz tailing.