萨彦－舒申斯克水电站大坝及基础状态与可靠性措施的评价

萨彦－舒申斯克水电站大坝及基础状态与可靠性措施的评价俄罗斯联邦工程科学院专家委员会主题词坝基基础防渗防渗帷幕结构缝可靠性原型观测萨彦－舒申斯克水电站关于水工建筑物工况的监测情况大坝及隔墩监测仪器状况萨彦一舒申斯克水电站大坝埋设有数以千计的监测仪器。对...     

萨彦－舒申斯克水电站大坝及基础状态与可靠性措施的评价

萨彦－舒申斯克水电站大坝及基础状态与可靠性措施的评价俄罗斯联邦工程科学院专家委员会主题词坝基，基础防渗，防渗帷幕，结构缝，可靠性，原型观测，萨彦－舒申斯克水电站结论与建议１．萨彦一舒申斯克水电站“大坝一基础”系统目前的运行基本上与设计假定相符；对于所...     

萨扬水电站817事故及对我国水电站机电设备安全运行的警示

介绍了萨扬-舒申斯克水电站817事故情况及原因分析,探讨了对我国水电站机电设备安全运行的启示,从水电站机电设备的科研、设计、调度、管理等方面提出了安全建议。     

萨彦－舒申斯克水电站水轮机轴承改进与运行试验

萨彦－舒申斯克水电站水轮机轴承改进与运行试验〔俄］．Ｎ．尼基坚科主题词水轮机，轴承，新技术，水轮机组运行，可靠性，萨彦－舒申斯克水电站萨彦一舒申斯克水电站机组运行，可分为两个阶段：第一阶段，１９７８年１号机组在低水头（１２０～１７５ｍ）下运行；第二阶...     

萨彦—舒申斯克水电站大坝及基础的状态与可靠性措施的评价（二）

萨彦—舒申斯克水电站大坝及基础的状态与可靠性措施的评价（二）主题词坝基，基础防渗，防渗帷幕，结构缝，可靠性，原型观测，萨彦－舒申斯克水电站泄水建筑物萨彦一舒申斯克水利枢纽泄水建筑物位于混凝土大坝河床部分，由１１个同样型式的坝段组成。每个坝段都有以下３...     

改进水电站进水口事故快速门控制策略探讨

透过2009年8月17日俄罗斯萨扬.舒申斯克水电站机电事故,分析了目前国内水电站机组进水口事故快速门控制系统的现状,分析了存在的问题,给出了提高水电站机组进水口事故快速门控制系统的策略建议。可供水电站机电设计、设备或系统研制单位、运行维护等相关技术人员参考。     

萨彦－舒申斯克水电站运行初期坝基的渗流状态

萨彦－舒申斯克水电站运行初期坝基的渗流状态［俄］ＪＩ．Ｃ佩尔米亚科娃等主题词坝基渗漏，渗流观测，变形观测，水电站运行，萨彦舒申斯克水电站萨彦一舒申斯克大坝座落在结构比较完整的Ａ。ｏＱｃｋｏ－－Ｋｕ６ｕｋｃｋｕＱ构造块的中央部分。叶尼塞河河谷由变质岩组...     

萨彦-舒申斯克水电站事故对工程设计的启示

2009年8月,俄罗斯最大的水电站—萨彦-舒申斯克水电站发生惊天惨案,装机6 400 MW的水电站全部瘫痪,75人遇难,损失惨重。据称,修复该电站至少需要400亿卢布,恢复发电至少需要半年时间。中国作为水电大国,应如何从此次惨案中吸取教训呢?研究了媒体报导的有关萨彦-舒申斯克电站事故的资料和图片,结合作者过去从事长江葛洲坝、三峡水利枢纽工程设计的体会,以一位到过该电站考察的亲历者的感受,比照中国水电工程设计,特别是机电工程设计和行业管理等方面的情况,提出了避免重蹈复辙的建议。     

萨扬诺——舒申斯克水电站施工机械与机具

萨扬诺-舒申斯克水电站的混凝土浇筑总量达960万立方米,其中85万立方米为大坝浇筑用。就混凝土浇筑量来说在世界上名列第二,仅次于伊太普水电站。萨扬诺-舒申斯克水电站采用的施工机械与机具如下:     

萨彦—舒申斯克水电站大坝及基础的状态与可靠性措施评价

萨彦—舒申斯克水电站大坝及基础的状态与可靠性措施评价俄罗斯工程科学院专家委员会主题词坝基，基础防渗，防渗帷幕，结构缝，可靠性，原型观测，萨彦舒申斯克水电站在萨彦一舒申斯克水电站初期运行年份里，暴露出“大坝一基础Ｐ系统中有些问题偏离了设计假定，其中有些...     

莱茵河水污染事件回顾与启示

中石油吉林石化公司双苯厂发生爆炸事故，造成大量苯类污染物进入松花江水体．引发重大水环境污染事件。而19年前在瑞士巴塞尔附近施韦策哈勒的火灾事故，同样对莱茵河水质和生态系统造成了巨大的影响。其后开展的保护行动使一度被称为“欧洲下水道”的莱茵河成为一条清澈的河流。莱茵河保护委员会1986年度关于该事件的报告，其综合性的治理措施以及沿岸国家的合作，对我国开展松花江污染事件的后续治理行动以及其他河流的开发、利用和保护具有现实意义。     

对由机组PT一次保险故障引起的一起跳闸事件的分析

通过分析水布垭电厂的一次机组跳闸事件,从调速系统和励磁系统两个方面入手,对由机组PT一次侧保险故障引起的事故低油压和机组的过激磁保护动作信号作了详细的分析,并详述了事件发生后电厂对调速系统、励磁系统和机组出口PT所做的相关的完善、升级工作,对水电厂机组的安全稳定运行具有参考借鉴意义。     

Sludge storage for countering nitrogen shock loads and toxicity incidents

Spare nitrification capacity is usually needed for a nitrifying activated sludge plant to counter nitrogen shock loads and/or toxicity incidents. The traditional way to provide this capacity is to apply a sludge retention time which is much longer than what needed to obtain a stable nitrification, resulting in over designed plants. Another approach, which is investigated in this paper, is to store the spare biomass in a separate sludge storage tank and return it to the main stream process when a shock nitrogen load or a toxicity incident occurs. Model based analysis reveals the unique feature of the scheme: different particulate components in the sludge have a different retention time, and more specifically, active biomass stays longer in the plant than inert solids. This results in that a plant with a storage tank can have the same amount of active biomass as a traditional plant but less sludge, opening the potential of reducing the volume of the plant. Analysis shows that a plant with a sludge storage tank can be about twenty percent smaller than a traditional plant that has the same treatment capability. Analysis is verified by simulation studies.     

Improvement of existing nightsoil treatment plant for nitrogen removal.

This study was performed to increase the treatment efficiency and to reduce operation and maintenance costs of the existing nightsoil treatment plant. The existing nightsoil plant was not established by the nitrogen removal process, and was operated ineffectively with deterioration of treatment efficiency rate, and according to the demand of many operators, the expenses of operation and maintenance have become excessive. Modified plant has been changed through two steps. The first step, liquid decayed tank using closed oxidation ditch is operated to increase retention time only for nitrification. The second step, modified liquid decayed tank including anoxic tank is operated, it has an excellent nitrogen removal rate. In first step, when HRT was increased from 10 days to 13 days in liquid decayed tank including aeration tank using closed oxidation ditch, TN concentration of effluent appeared below 51 mg/L less than discharge limit, 60 mg/L. In second step, when anoxic tank and oxic tank were installed, HRT has been increased to 13 days and 26 days, respectively. Then average TN concentration of effluent was detected less than 13 mg/L for over one year. The simple process modified the existing two processes resulted in the reduction of costs for operation and maintenance in the personnel, chemical, and filter change sphere.     

海啸波作用下植被区海堤局部冲刷试验

近年来频发的海啸造成了沿岸建筑物周围剧烈的冲刷,而植物具有很好的减小海啸灾害的作用。采用PVC圆管概化模拟刚性植物,选取孤立波模拟海啸波,通过改变入射波高、植物带长度和密度、堤顶出水高度,研究植物对海啸波作用下海堤局部冲刷的影响,建立了海堤堤前冲刷坑、淤积沙坝、冲淤平衡点相对水平位置的尺度与植物带的长度和密度、波高、堤顶出水高度、泥沙比重以及岸滩坡度之间的关系式。试验结果表明:植物对海堤局部冲淤变化产生显著影响,植物带使得堤后近岸侧相对最大冲刷深度显著减小,堤前离岸侧冲刷位置由原堤脚处前移至植物带所在位置,冲刷范围大幅增加;堤前冲淤面积受入射波高和植物因素的共同影响,在同一植物模型下,冲刷坑面积和淤积沙坝面积都随入射波高的增大而增加;适当增大植物带密度,优化植物分布方式,可有效减弱海啸波对海堤的冲刷危害。     

海岸红树林与海啸波相互作用实验研究

2004年发生的印度洋海啸给印度洋沿岸的亚非13个国家造成巨大的经济损失。多份实地考察报告都表明了红树林具有保护海岸的作用。就此,研究海啸波（孤立波）穿过红树林后透射波和反射波的变化情况,实验结果表明：透射波高随着入射波高的增大而增大,随着红树林分布密度的增大而减小;对于一定分布密度的红树林,反射系数和透射系数对入射波...     

Modelling of sedimentation and remobilization in in-line storage sewers for stormwater treatment.

A special arrangement of combined sewer overflow tanks is the in-line storage sewer with downstream discharge (ISS-down). This layout has the advantage that, besides the sewer system, no other structures are required for stormwater treatment. The verification of the efficiency with respect to the processes of sedimentation and remobilization of sediment within the in-line storage sewer with downstream discharge is carried out in a combination of a field and a pilot plant study. The model study was carried out using a pilot plant model scaled 1:13. The following is intended to present some results of the pilot plant study and the mathematical empirical modelling of the sedimentation and remobilization process.     

某水电站厂坝复杂基础处理设计

某水电站河床分布的F1、F107、f100等组成一个较宽的断层破碎带,其位于10～13号坝段,并穿过3～5号机组段。为此,设计人员进行了大量的分析研究工作,参考国内外经验,在对坝基采用混凝土塞、深孔固结灌浆、防渗墙、加强帷幕等手段处理的同时,对断层破碎带部位的上部结构也采取厂坝连接、坝段并缝等工程措施,以提高大坝整体性和抗滑稳定性。     

基于ALARP原则的突发性水污染事件风险评价研究

为校正突发性水污染事件风险评价中因多因素和不确定性带来的风险评价误差,本研究提出基于ALARP(As Low As Reasonably Practicable)原则的突发性水污染事件风险评价方法,即以基于ALARP原则的"F-D"图为基础,通过对计算危险源分级指标和分析事故发生概率,确定其在图中所处的区域,从而确定风险性质。并且以此为指导提出相应的风险管理建议。本研究将孟津化肥厂作为案例,成功地应用该方法对其进行了突发性水污染事件的风险评价。本研究成果可为突发性水污染事件的风险评价及风险管理提供较为实用的方法和依据。     

Calibration and simulation of ASM2d at different temperatures in a phosphorus removal pilot plant.

In this work, an organic and nutrient removal pilot plant was used to study the temperature influence on phosphorus accumulating organisms. Three experiments were carried out at 13, 20 and 24.5 degrees C, achieving a high phosphorus removal percentage in all cases. The ASM2d model was calibrated at 13 and 20 degrees C and the Arrhenius equation constant was obtained for phosphorus removal processes showing that the temperature influences on the biological phosphorus removal subprocesses in a different degree. The 24.5 degrees C experiment was simulated using the model parameters obtained by means of the Arrhenius equation. The simulation results for the three experiments showed good correspondence with the experimental data, demonstrating that the model and the calibrated parameters were able to predict the pilot plant behaviour.