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热障涂层的研究现状与发展趋势 总被引:34,自引:2,他引:34
热障涂层是一类高温防护涂层,由于其应用的广泛性,已成为近年来涂层研究领域的热点之一。对热障涂层国内外的研究进展进行了综述,重点阐述热障涂层成分的选择、热障涂层的结构设计、热障涂层的制备工艺、热障涂层的失效机理、寿命预测以及热障涂层的发展趋势。 相似文献
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目的 热障涂层(Thermal Barrier Coatings, TBCs)是用于保护热端部件的功能性涂层,但在复杂工况的影响下易于呈现提前破坏和过早失效的特点。以应用最广泛的钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)双层热障涂层系统为例,阐述其服役过程中的结构和性能演变,分析失效机理,总结寿命预测模型并介绍相关模拟技术。方法 分别对经历不同条件高温氧化实验后的热障涂层开展元素渗透引起的界面微观结构变化、随反应进行发生的界面宏观结构变化以及高温引起的涂层本征性能变化分析,并且基于多种热力学实验结论和断裂力学、损伤力学等理论,结合有限元模拟手段,研究涂层内部结构变化过程,选用不同种类的标准有限元模型,建立条件选择方法以及典型的动态模拟扩展技术,观察裂纹导致涂层断裂等过程。结果 总结了目前常用的唯象寿命模型、断裂力学模型和损伤力学模型等失效寿命理论模型,提出相关失效评价方法。结论 随着航空发动机效率的不断提高,热障涂层必须面对更高的进气温度和更严峻、更复杂的工况,需要进一步丰富失效理论、完善失效寿命模型、仿真手段和相应数据库,同时其在开发新材料、新结构、新工艺、涂层组织纳米化等方面也有很大的研究和发展空间。 相似文献
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《稀有金属材料与工程》2017,(12)
热障涂层作为燃气轮机高温部件的关键材料,其服役过程中的脱落与失效机理一直是研究的热点问题。研究了应变幅和相角度对含热障涂层的镍基高温合金热机械疲劳性能的影响。研究结果表明,在相同相角度下,热机械疲劳寿命随应变幅的增大而降低。固定应变幅,同相位下样品的热机械疲劳寿命要高于反相位样品。所有样品中,裂纹萌生于热生长氧化物层,在粘结层与陶瓷层界面扩展形成分层裂纹,分层裂纹与陶瓷层内贯穿裂纹连接起来导致大面积的陶瓷层剥落,从而导致TBC层失效。另外,分析了热障涂层中的应力分布,初步建立了含热障涂层的镍基高温合金热机械疲劳寿命模型,发现含热障涂层的镍基高温合金热机械疲劳寿命与涂层中的最大应力呈指数关系。 相似文献
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飞机辅助动力装置(Auxiliary Power Unit,APU)是当前主流民用飞机上必不可少的部件,而热障涂层在APU中的应用能够减少发动机油耗、提升效率、延长热端部件的使用寿命。首先概述了飞机辅助动力装置的结构和工作原理,以及热障涂层的材料及结构体系。其次归纳了飞机APU常见热端部件中热障涂层的制备技术及应用特点,主要对大气等离子(AirPlasmaSpraying,APS)和电子束物理气相沉积(Electron–Beam Physical Vapor Deposition,EB–PVD)等2种热障涂层进行了论述。在此基础上,重点综述了热障涂层在民用飞机APU中的典型失效形式,包括高温氧化失效、烧结失效、CMAS腐蚀、颗粒物冲击等,同时结合热障涂层热生长氧化物(Thermally Grown Oxide,TGO)生长、应变能释放、蠕变与疲劳、颗粒物沉积、外来物损伤等行为,对以上失效形式的失效机理进行了重点论述;分别从微观结构观察、断裂力学参数计算、有限元建模等方面详细阐述了飞机APU热障涂层的失效分析手段与方法。最后结合航空公司的实际运营情况对提升APU使用寿命和系统可靠性给出了... 相似文献
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热障涂层的制备及其失效的研究现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
热障涂层作为航空发动机和燃气轮机高温部件的保护涂层,其抗高温失效能力直接决定了部件的工作效率和寿命.回顾热障涂层的发展历史及研究现状,着重介绍了热障涂层的主要制备方法及其相应涂层的结构特征,综述了各类热障涂层失效的影响因素和失效机理. 相似文献
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为提高发动机的涡轮前温度和热端部件服役寿命,热障涂层(TBCs)被广泛应用于燃气涡轮发动机。热障涂层具有多相、多界面和非均质特性,且其服役工况恶劣复杂。寻找一种可以表征涂层显微组织、缺陷、热物性、应力等反映涂层质量和剩余寿命的无损检测方法,对发动机的热端部件安全性和可靠性至关重要。文中综述了超声检测技术(UT)、声发射技术(AE)、红外热成像技术(IRT)、阻抗谱技术(IS)和光激发荧光压电光谱技术(PLPS)的原理以及其在热障涂层无损检测中的研究应用,并详细介绍了太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术及其在热障涂层中的应用。最后总结了上述无损检测方法的检测能力,并对热障涂层无损检测方法进行展望。 相似文献
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热障涂层作为燃气轮机高温部件的关键材料,其服役过程中的脱落与失效机理一直是研究的热点问题。本文主要研究了应变幅和相角度对含热障涂层的镍基高温合金热机械疲劳性能的影响。研究结果表明,在相同相角度下,热机械疲劳寿命随应变幅的增大而降低。固定应变幅,同相位下样品的热机械疲劳寿命要高于反相位样品。所有样品中,裂纹萌生于热生长氧化物层,在粘结层与陶瓷层界面扩展形成分层裂纹,分层裂纹与陶瓷层内贯穿裂纹连接起来导致大面积的陶瓷层剥落,从而导致TBC层失效。另外,本文分析了热障涂层中的应力分布,初步建立了含热障涂层的镍基高温合金热机械疲劳寿命模型,发现含热障涂层的镍基高温合金热机械疲劳寿命与涂层中的最大应力呈指数关系。 相似文献
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热障涂层在服役过程中相邻区域脱粘裂纹的扩展合并是造成陶瓷层最终剥落的重要原因,然而缺乏简单有效的无损测试方法。提出利用空腔高热阻在陶瓷层表面局部热积累,形成表面亮斑的特点,通过亮斑反向跟踪脱粘缺陷的新方法。结果表明,在界面处制备水溶性盐斑,继续喷涂陶瓷层后用水浴溶解的方式可在YSZ与金属粘结层界面有效预制特定外形与尺寸的人造脱粘裂纹缺陷;预制脱粘裂纹与表面高温亮斑尺寸呈正相关,且近似呈现为比例系数为1.031的线性关系,当预制裂纹直径大于0.4 mm时,可在涂层表面观测到亮斑,当预制裂纹直径大于0.7 mm时,用亮斑尺寸预测裂纹尺寸的相对误差低于15%;在梯度热冲击循环下,热障涂层随热冲击次数的增加,表面首先出现亮斑,随后亮斑长大、合并,在2500次左右热循环时合并速度加快,最终陶瓷层在亮斑处局部剥落。基于脱粘裂纹对于纵向热流的阻碍作用,提出一种人造脱粘裂纹缺陷的预制方法,并确立一种通过测量表面亮斑尺寸估计内部裂纹尺寸的热障涂层无损测量方法。解决了热障涂层高温缺陷难以实时观测的问题,并进一步研究了其高温演变规律,可为热障涂层的寿命预测提供数据支持。 相似文献
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Shuibing Zeng Yangjia Liu Xizhi Fan Wenzhi Huang Lijian Gu Binglin Zou Xiaolong Chen Zuhair S. Khan Ling Zhu Daowu Yang Xueqiang Cao 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2012,21(2):335-343
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with a typical 8YSZ ceramic top coat and CoNiCrAlY bond coat were deposited on titanium alloy substrate (Ti-6Al-4V in wt.%) by air plasma spraying. Thermal insulation and thermal shock resistance of the TBCs at different temperatures as well as their failure behavior were investigated. The results showed that the test temperature had a significant effect on thermal shock life of the TBCs. Failure of the TBCs systems was caused by the formation of crack, bond coat oxidation and elemental diffusion. The vertical cracks induced by thermal shock cycles were probably responsible for the enhancement in thermal shock resistance of the TBCs. Furthermore, elemental diffusion had a great effect on the acceleration of the TBCs failure. The TBCs could provide a good thermal protection for the titanium alloy substrate. 相似文献
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目的探索热障涂层系统(TBCs)在热震过程中的损伤行为。方法基于材料能量储存极限,推导了适用于平面复杂应力情形的温度相关性临界失效能密度判据,进而利用该临界失效能密度判据与ABAQUS有限元软件相结合,研究了热生长氧化层(TGO)凸起的热障涂层系统在冷却热震过程中的损伤行为。结果对于TGO层凸起的热障涂层系统,计算了冷却热震过程中陶瓷层(TC)和TGO层的失效能密度分布云图,并根据最大失效能分布情况分析了TBCs在热震过程中各层材料的可能破坏位置,所得结果与实验吻合较好。在对TBCs的冷却热震损伤行为模拟计算中发现,当TC层的强度比较低时,热震会使TC层上表面产生往内部扩展的垂直裂纹;当TC层强度达到某一定值时,首先发生热震破坏的位置由TC层上表面变成了TGO层与粘结层(BC)的界面处,即TBCs的各层破坏顺序发生了变化。结论使用临界失效能密度准则来判断热障涂层在冷却热震过程中的损伤行为,比单纯使用某一方向应力更为准确,并能准确判断损伤起始位置和演化情况,从而更全面地反映热障涂层在热震过程中的损伤破坏行为。 相似文献
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聚晶金刚石复合片无损检测方法的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文在分析聚晶金刚石复合片(PDC)无损检测技术(NDT)的基础上,针对POC复合片的主要缺陷,探讨了利用便携式超声波探伤仪对PDC进行无损检测的可能性。得出了实验条件下PDC分层、裂纹缺陷的超声波测试波形图和主要技术参数如下。工作方式:单探头(单一发射,强度不变);检波方式:双波;频段:中等;声压:2dB。扫描量程:10mm;脉冲移动位置:8.82mm。实验结果表明:本方法对PDC的分层、裂纹等缺陷有明显的特征反应。 相似文献
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Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used in applications that involve high temperatures and severe temperature gradients in order to improve product performance. The understanding of the mechanisms resulting in coating delamination allows the development of materials that can prolong component life. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that single layer mullite-YSZ composites resulted in reduced interface fracture under the application of a thermal shock. This was accomplished by comparing the thermal shock behavior of three coating architectures: monolithic YSZ, monolithic mullite and a mullite-YSZ composite. The coating architectures were chosen to optimize material properties to reduce the driving force for coating failure. It was found that under thermal loads that result in similar surface temperatures, the mullite-YSZ composite developed shorter multiple surface cracks along with shorter horizontal cracks compared to the monolithic YSZ. The composite coating was able to combine advantageous material properties from both the constituent ceramics. 相似文献
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Jian-nong Jing Li-hong Dong Hai-dou Wang Guo Jin 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2018,27(7):1090-1102
Plasma-sprayed coatings are widely used in industry, e.g., in applications subject to high wear and corrosion damage, or requiring thermal insulation. However, the failure behavior of such coatings has a great influence on the service safety of mechanical parts. Acoustic emission (AE) has attracted much attention due to its proven usefulness for real-time monitoring of damage evolution and high sensitivity to fracture sources. In this study, the damage evolution behavior of a plasma-sprayed coating subjected to three-point bending fatigue tests was monitored using the AE method. A method combining parameterized, Fourier, and wavelet analysis was used to distinguish the damage modes in the coating. The analysis results revealed two crack modes (surface vertical crack and interface crack) with two different peak frequencies. A finite element method was used to quantify the fracture stress and propagation behavior of cracks, revealing that the thickness of the coating had a strong influence on its spalling. 相似文献
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Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with high strain tolerance are favorable for application in hot gas sections of aircraft turbines. To improve the strain tolerance of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) TBCs, 400 μm-500 μm thick coatings with very high segmentation crack densities produced with fused and crushed yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were developed. Using a Triplex II plasma gun and an optimized spraying process, coatings with segmentation crack densities up to 8.9 cracks mm− 1, and porosity values lower than 6% were obtained. The density of branching cracks was quite low which is inevitable for a good inter-lamellar bonding.Thermal cycling tests yielded promising strain tolerance behavior for the manufactured coatings. Samples with high segmentation crack densities revealed promising lifetime in burner rig tests at rather high surface (1350 °C) and bondcoat temperatures (up to 1085 °C), while coatings with lower crack densities had a reduced performance. Microstructural investigations on cross-sections and fracture surfaces showed that the segmentation crack network was stable during thermal shock testing for different crack densities. The main failure mechanism was delamination and horizontal cracking within the TBC near the thermal grown oxide layer (TGOs) and the TBC. 相似文献