典型钢混Π型主梁断面的涡振特性及其响应预测研究

为研究Π型主梁断面的涡振特性及预测其响应,以某大跨钢混Π型梁斜拉桥为背景,在风洞中测试了不同质量与不同阻尼比的主梁涡振特性,通过自由振动试验识别了主梁的动力参数,并提取了不同风速下主梁的幅变阻尼比及幅变频率.进一步,基于幅变气动导数建立了主梁的涡激力模型,同时通过涡激力模型实现了不同阻尼比下主梁涡振振幅及涡振区间的预测.研究结果表明,钢混Π型主梁在不同风速范围内竖向模态参数呈现不同的发展规律,可划分为5个风速区间;基于Scanlan自激力模型建立了只包含H^*₁和H^*₄两个气动导数的涡激力模型,通过与风洞试验的涡振振幅和涡振区间结果进行对比,验证了涡激力模型及其涡振气动导数方法的正确性,同时与不同阻尼比下的风洞试验结果对比,验证了该涡激力模型具有普适性.研究结论可为Π型主梁断面的涡振机理与涡激力模型的建立提供参考.     

压气机叶片流固耦合共振判断和谐响应分析

针对气流扰动引起的压气机叶片振动问题,以整体式轴流压气机叶片为研究对象,借助ANSYS Workbench软件的BladeGen模块对叶片及其流场进行三维建模,然后进行流固耦合分析。求解叶片的压力、应变和前6阶模态振型,绘制坎贝尔图并对叶片进行谐响应分析,结果发现该叶片不会发生共振破坏,但是叶尖尾缘变形和振动较明显,而叶片前缘变形和振动很小。在气体流量不变的情况下,对叶片前缘和尾缘采用变半径设计,可有效提高固有频率、削弱振动。     

含间隙弹簧振动系统的非线性模态特性

针对含间隙的两自由度弹簧-质量分段振动系统的非线性模态开展了研究.首先,解析确定了分段保守自治系统发生同相和反相模态运动的初始位移,并采用加权平均方法确定了分段振动系统的模态频率,及其在位形空间模态曲线.然后,采用数值方法求解了系统的非线性模态曲线和模态频率,与本文获得的解析模态频率比较,说明本文的结果较等效模态频率有更好的精度.研究结果表明:在一定的参数条件下,系统的非线性模态个数会高于系统的自由度数目,系统可能发生内共振,而产生多余模态.多余模态运动是两振子同向振动中含有异向振动,说明多余模态是在同相模态运动和反相模态运动之间转换的模态.     

基于表面吸气的矩形截面涡激振动抑制及机理研究

随着桥梁跨度的增加,其风致振动问题逐渐凸显,发展简单、有效的风振控制措施对于保障桥梁结构的安全具有重要意义.将桥梁断面简化为矩形,通过数值模拟研究了侧表面双气孔吸气对矩形截面的涡激振动的抑制作用.研究表明：无量纲吸气流量是影响涡激振动抑制效果的决定性因素.当无量纲吸气流量■时,表面吸气对涡激振动的抑制效果达到最佳,矩形断面的振动幅值减小了99.73%,升力系数均方根值减小了90.37%,阻力系数平均值减小了32.55%.当■时,矩形截面的振动幅值仍然被有效地抑制,但吸气流量过大,侧表面上的边界层厚度变小,边界层内的剪切效应变强,引起背风面尾流旋涡的增强,最终导致矩形截面升、阻力系数的增加.     

基于圆柱梁的多向驰振风能采集器仿真分析

为了实现多向风能的采集,提出一种基于压电圆管和末端钝体的驰振风能采集器。通过多物理场耦合仿真分析了采集器模态以及压电圆管输出性能与振动频率、电阻及激振力的关系;模态及输出特性仿真结果显示,方柱钝体采集器的一阶和二阶固有频率均为14.26 Hz,工作在固有频率附近时可获得较高输出;存在最优负载电阻,为3.16 MΩ;压电圆管输出电压随激振力的增加而增加。方柱钝体的二维流场仿真结果显示,在各角度下,方柱结构均能受到相应横向气动力作用,实现多向风能的转换。三维流固耦合仿真分析结果显示,由于圆柱梁的对称特性,采集器受到二维平面不同方向风作用时均能产生振荡,验证了采集器的多向性能。     

大变形柔性管道两相流流致振动研究

针对柔性管道内段塞流引起的结构大变形流致振动问题,本文采用分区强流固耦合方法建立了面向大变形两相流输运管道的双向流固耦合数值计算模型.基于流体体积法对气液两相流动界面进行追踪并结合任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)动网格方法考虑流体域网格变形,同时采用有限元方法建立了柔性管道动力学模型,根据流体和管道壁面的相互作用构建强流固耦合计算模型.研究表明,在两相流作用下柔性管道的振动主要以类似一阶和二阶振动模态响应为主且会发生模态切换;模态切换与管内的液塞长度、液塞流动频率以及气液塞在管内的轴向分布有关;管道的大变形振动促进了短气塞的融合并显著改变了液塞的长度和频率,进而影响管道的振动和流型转变界限.     

涡激振动行波动力学特征的数值模拟

采用数值模拟分析了水中大长径比结构物涡激振动行波动力学特征,以及水动力学阻尼和模型初始张力对于行波动力学特征的影响.数值模拟模型采用改进的尾流振子模型,该模型考虑了涡激振动横向运动和顺流向运动之间的耦合,考虑了张力沿模型长度的变化和流体的耗散.给出了用于评估行波在整个振动波中所占比例的方法,该方法采用行波椭圆来定量表征行波所占的比例,即行波比.数值模拟结果显示,行波比总体上呈现随流速增加的趋势,但在模态阶数变化的临界流速上突然降低.水动力学阻尼显著影响着行波比,阻尼比越大,行波比越大,行波对于整个振动波的贡献就越大.不同张力情况下,行波比突然下降的临界速度不同.初始张力影响模型的固有频率,影响模态阶数发生转变的流速,从而影响了行波比突然下降的临界流速.     

弹性支撑下风电机组传动系统结构动力分析

考虑水平轴风力发电机组齿轮箱弹性支撑的柔性连接特性,基于集中质量思想和拉格朗日方法,建立风力发电机传动系统多体动力学模型,研究了齿轮箱弹性支撑对传动系统结构动力学特性的影响.利用动力学模型和模态分析方法,得到了由弹性支撑耦合到系统后的模态频率,并获取了在该模态激励下的模态动能分布.采用变参数方法进行传动系统模态对齿轮箱弹性支撑刚度变化的敏感性分析,利用模态叠加法进行齿轮箱体的动响应分析.数值求解结果和分析表明,考虑齿轮箱弹性支撑的传动系统某阶固有频率即为弹性支撑下齿轮箱体振动主模态;弹性支撑线刚度对传动系统低频率固有模态存在一定影响;齿轮箱体振动分析时应考虑1阶和2阶的低频模态较为合理.本研究工作对传动链系统方案可靠性设计和抑制传动链振动的加阻控制提供了一定理论基础.     

基于叶片动态响应后风轮输出特性的CFD仿真

通过模态实验测得叶片低阶弯振特征向量,经过Matlab拟合获得风轮振动控制方程。自编UDF代码实现对运行风轮振动形态的控制。数值模拟过程中利用动网格技术施加到风轮叶片,控制其运动形态,使其旋转的同时做垂直于旋转面的弯振运动。湍流模型选择大涡模拟(LES)研究振动风轮输出特性规律。研究结果表明:施加低阶弯振后,叶片中部位置出现压力指向性的改变,扭矩和推力波动明显加剧且呈现出周期性规律。弯振的施加使风轮功率下降,且下降趋势随着风速和尖速比增大而增强。通过仿真叶片的结构动态响应,为改进和优化常规风力机性能分析及流固耦合分析提供新思路。     

红外热像观测压电陶瓷振动模态的研究

应用红外热像全场观测的研究方法,用不同工作频率激励PZT-5矩形压电陶瓷片,对其谐振频率和振动模态进行研究,确定了红外热像法识别压电陶瓷振动模态的可行性.研究结果表明:用红外热像测定试样主要振动模态及其频率,共得到8个谐振频率,与传输线路法测试结果一致;用红外热像显示试样谐振时应力分布,结果与ANSYS模拟所得应力分布图基本吻合.结论认为,红外热像法是研究压电陶瓷振动模态行之有效的方法,对压电陶瓷传感器设计和应用具有参考价值.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.