炼油厂蒸汽系统优化措施

蒸汽是影响全厂能耗的主要因素,蒸汽系统优化是炼油厂节能降耗的重点.某炼油厂单系列千万吨级炼油项目通过不断实施优化技术和管理措施,对全厂蒸汽系统持续优化,节能成效明显,取得了良好的经济效益.该厂通过实施催化裂化装置余热锅炉改造、优化流程提高热供料温度、降低汽轮机背压蒸汽压力、优化塔的工艺参数、优化动力锅炉运行方式等措施,节约蒸汽83.9 t/h,创造经济效益2.08×10^8 RMB￥/a,炼油蒸汽单耗由2009年的64.7 kg/t降至34.5 kg/t,降幅达46.67％,全厂炼油实际能耗降低108.02 MJ/t,实际综合能耗由2009年的2 830.41MJ/t降低至2 392.45MJ/t,降幅为15.47％.     

重油催化裂化与苯乙烯装置的热联合节能

针对重油催化裂化装置热能过剩和苯乙烯装置高耗能的状况,分析了该联合装置的各自用能,提出了重油催化裂化与苯乙烯装置热联合的节能设想。通过合理的技术改造回收重油催化装置的过剩热并以蒸汽供热形式来满足苯乙烯装置所需用能,不仅解决重油催化裂化装置的取热瓶颈问题,降低炼油装置综合能耗,而且基本解决苯乙烯装置所需蒸汽消耗,优化了苯乙烯的生产成本,节能增效成果显著。生产运行表明,两装置热联合改造实施后,重油催化装置增产3.5 MPa的蒸汽11 t/h,而且有3.5 MPa的蒸汽26.5 t/h和1.0 MPa的蒸汽16.5 t/h作为动力源得到梯级利用,使炼油装置能耗降低291.82 MJ/t,联合装置节能增效2 507.201×104RMB$。     

重油催化裂化装置节能降耗措施分析与应用

基于中国石油四川石化有限责任公司新建的2.5 Mt/a催化裂化装置节能降耗的考虑,通过设计和运行中对焦炭产率、电耗和蒸汽产量进行节能优化措施,四川石化催化裂化装置一次开车成功运行12个月后,各项指标能耗与设计值相比均有不同程度的降低,其中烧焦单位能耗下降0.080 8 GJ/t;电耗单位能耗下降0.030 1 GJ/t;4.0 MPa蒸汽产出单位负能耗增加0.041 GJ/t,装置综合单位能耗总体下降0.124 GJ/t。按照装置实际加工量2.5 Mt/a计算,加工成本可降低4 750 万元/a,节能效果明显,经济效益显著提高。     

用窄点技术挖掘催化裂化装置的节能潜力

窄点技术在国内催化裂化装置设计和改造中的应用还非常少。以某新设计且能耗也很先进的1．4Mt/a重油催化裂化装置为例，应用窄点技术对节能提出了改进方案。将现状换热网络的窄点温差从430℃减小到20．8℃，多产中压蒸汽6．7t/h，装置能耗降低126MJ／t。同时也考虑了发生高压蒸汽的改进方案，并得出了该方案降低装置能耗一般不超过164MJ／t的结论。结果表明：窄点技术应用于催化裂化装置有很好的节能效果。     

苯乙烯装置能耗分析与优化措施

对中国石化青岛炼油化工有限责任公司苯乙烯装置进行能耗分析,发现装置的能耗主要集中在蒸汽、燃料气和循环水3方面,占比分别为69.33%,17.73%和8.57%,因此装置节能的关键在于减少蒸汽、燃料气和循环水消耗。2019年检修时,增加脱丙烯干气反应产物换热器,在提高干气进料温度的同时,可减少燃料气用量37.9~48.1 kg/h;对循环水系统的部分换热器进行串联优化改造,可减少循环水用量约295 t/h;增设中压蒸汽减温减压器,解决了中压蒸汽的放空问题,可减少3.5 MPa蒸汽用量约0.86 t/h,并副产1.0 MPa蒸汽约0.95 t/h。整个改造节能效果明显,减少了能源消耗,降低了装置能耗。     

催化裂化装置节能技术改造

中石化金陵石化分公司1.3 Mt/a催化裂化装置节能技术改造的具体措施主要包括:余热锅炉扩容改造,以实际进入余热锅炉的烟气流量与饱和蒸汽量为基础重新进行设计改造,提高余热锅炉的过热能力及烟气处理能力,充分回收烟气中的能量;中压蒸汽流程优化改造,在装置自产中压蒸汽进入蒸汽管网前增加压控阀组,气压机用汽改用自产汽,提高气压机用汽品质,减少外界干扰的影响;增设解吸塔中间重沸器,利用稳定塔底稳定汽油做热源,充分利用稳定汽油低温热能。改造后,余热锅炉排烟温度从206℃降低至150℃,气压机用中压蒸汽下降了2.0 t/h,解吸塔底重沸器低压蒸汽消耗降低了2.5 t/h,冷却稳定汽油循环水用量减少了60t/h,装置综合能耗下降了100.6MJ/t,年直接经济效益542.6万元。     

利用夹点技术优化催化裂化装置的换热网络

某石化企业年处理量为1.40 Mt的催化裂化装置存在较大的节能潜力,应用夹点技术对其能量利用进行分析与优化。研究结果表明：通过优化并改造换热网络,可使催化裂化装置节省1.0 MPa蒸汽7.88 t/h,节省循环水3.77 t/h,电耗节省16 kW;改造后催化裂化装置年平均节能约109.19 MJ/t,年经济效益增加1 221.3万元。     

延迟焦化装置的能耗分析及节能措施

中国石油兰州石化公司炼油厂120×104 t/a 延迟焦化装置的能耗主要由燃料气、电、蒸汽、循环水和软化水组成,装置能耗中主要是燃料气的消耗,占73.68%.为降低能耗,近年来对延迟焦化装置采取了相应的节能措施,包括降低循环比、提高分馏塔底温度、加热炉外表面喷涂,以降低燃料气消耗;蒸汽伴热线改造,降低焦炭塔大、小吹汽量,以降低蒸汽消耗;冷焦污水处理回用、乏汽冷凝水回用、蒸汽冷凝水回用,以降低水消耗;减少高压水泵运行时间、优化空冷器操作,以降低电耗等.这些措施实施后,装置能耗从1083.9 MJ/t 下降至902.0 MJ/t.     

降低重油催化裂化装置能耗的措施

中国石油大庆石化公司炼油厂1Mt／a重油催化裂化装置改造后，能耗过高。经过对比分析，发现装置能耗增加的主要因素是耗电量、烧焦量上升、外输蒸汽折能减少。通过优化操作参数，装置汽提蒸汽量减少1．8t，外取热产汽量由36t／h提高至56t／h，生焦折能降低到50～60kg／t，能耗达到标准要求。     

重油催化裂化装置能耗分析及节能措施

针对中国石化北京燕山分公司Ⅱ套重油催化裂化装置能耗较高的问题,结合装置实际情况,采取改造余热锅炉、循环水系统优化运行、回收利用低温余热、加强实施装置间热联合以及优化操作条件等一系列节能措施,装置能耗从2004年的3 342.06 MJ/t下降至2008年的2 103.55 MJ/t,取得了较为明显的效果。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.