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The key problem in the management of the Yellow River stems from its distinct characteristic, namely the insufficient runoff and excessive sediment loads lacking sufficient coordination, which causes complexity and difficulty in management. This paper examines the changes in runoff and sediment loads of this river and its characteristics of fluvial process in recent decades, based on a review of its management history. Then, we describe a strategic thinking of river management that would be effective in the existing water and sediment condition of the river to cope with its various new features, such as sharp decline in runoff and sediment loads, river channel shrinkage, intensified ‘secondary suspended river’, and increasingly prominent contradiction between floodplain reclamation and river harnessing. Our strategy in managing the Yellow River is to regulate its relation between water and sediment and improve the lower channel, under which several engineering measures should be adopted: construct a river regulation system for water and sediment control, reconstruct and maintain the primary channel with sufficient water and sediment transport capacity, lower the Tongguan elevation in the middle reach, improve the river channel in the lower reach, and stabilize the flow paths in the river mouth. The strategy and measures would provide a useful support for comprehensive management of the Yellow River. 相似文献
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黄河下游平滩河槽形态与水沙搭配之关系 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
概括总结了对黄河下游断面几何特征与水沙关系(断面河相关系)的研究现状,基于"记忆"效应提出了几何特征与前期水沙的公式,利用1969~1996年水沙资料以及1973~1996年花园口~利津河段统测断面资料进行了统计分析,建立了花园口~高村、高村~艾山、艾山~利津河段平滩几何特征与前期水沙参数的(沿程河相)关系,认为各河段断面平滩几何特征与前期(前4年)水沙搭配条件有关,前期冲淤对断面形态的影响可以通过水沙搭配来反映,边界条件对断面形态的影响可以通过水沙参数的指数来反映. 相似文献
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为优化多泥沙河流引水渠道内的泥沙级配,实现泥沙分选的效果,提出了一种新型旋流排沙渠道。基于数值模拟与模型试验结果,采用正交数值试验方法,以分流比与排沙洞典型断面的流速为目标函数,优化了旋流排沙渠道的关键体型参数,对比分析了体型优化前后旋流排沙渠道的水沙特性。结果表明,正交数值试验设计能有效提升结构的优化效率,获得具有良好性能的旋流排沙渠道。当渠道来流量为30 L·s-1时,优化体型的排沙耗水量较原体型减小21.5%,分流比减小4.6%,排沙洞出口断面最大流速增大10.8%,水流的挟沙能力增强,在排沙洞内形成更有利于泥沙运动的旋转水流条件;体型优化前后的旋流排沙渠道对粒径为0.075~3.0 mm泥沙的总体截沙率分别高达90%和88%,表明旋流排沙渠道具有良好的排沙特性,且优化体型排沙洞内的泥沙淤积量较原体型减小61.8%。本成果可为这种新型旋流排沙渠道体型优化和其在引水渠道等工程中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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从历史看潼关高程变化 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
渭河在潼关流入黄河。历史上,潼关上、下河道受地质构造的控制,河槽沉降导致大量淤积。在三门峡建库前的一个短期内,由于水沙条件变化,潼关和渭河有较大的抬高。但渭河下游一直为地中河,说明迄今淤积还没有导致潼关高程长期大量抬高。小北干流的淤积和抬高与其河性有关,和潼关以下的黄河河道在河流动力学(河势及水沙条件等)方面有本质区别。根据小北干流长期淤积抬高而认为潼关高程也会同样淤积抬高、论据似嫌不足。三门峡水库建库后,潼关高程大量抬高主要是水库壅水的结果。所以降低三门峡水库的运行水位,可为潼关高程的降低创造必要的条件。 相似文献