Sb_2O_3/BiOBr复合物的制备及其对RhB的去污作用

为了进一步提高BiOBr在可见光范围内的光催化性能,通过简单的低温液相法制备了不同质量掺杂比的三氧化二锑/溴氧化铋(Sb_2O_3/BiOBr)复合光催化材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜形貌分析(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见光漫反射(UV-Vis/DRS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对材料进行了表征,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标污染物,在模拟可见光条件下研究了复合物对RhB的光催化降解性能。结果表明,Sb_2O_3的掺杂显著提高了复合物的吸附能力;同时,Sb_2O_3的掺杂促进了BiOBr表面羟基(OH~-)的产生,该基团能够有效捕获空穴(h~+),从而提高光催化活性。当Sb_2O_3掺杂量为3%(质量分数)时降解效果最佳,60min内Rh B的降解率比纯相BiOBr提高了20.03%,达到了95.41%。多次重复实验,复合物的光催化性能并没有发生明显的减弱,表明复合物同时也具有较好的稳定性。     

双Z型PANI/BiOBr/ZnFe2O4光催化剂在可见光下对有机污染物的光催化降解和氧化还原活性研究

采用水热合成方法成功制备了聚苯胺/溴化氧铋/铁酸锌复合光催化剂PANI/BiOBr/ZnFe₂O₄。利用各种表征技术对样品的晶体结构和形貌进行分析。结果表明,与其他样品相比,PANI/BiOBr/ZnFe₂O₄复合材料在可见光照射下具有更高的光催化活性,对罗丹明B（RhB）的降解效率最高达到99.26%;同时,该复合材料在可见光下对硝基苯（NB）的还原具有良好的催化活性,转化效率可达87.1%。此外,根据PL谱和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）分析可以得出,PANI/BiOBr/ZnFe₂O₄复合材料的光催化性能提高可归因于电子空穴对的快速分离和转移。通过紫外-可见DRS光谱、M-S曲线分析、ESR谱和自由基捕获实验,提出了适合该体系的双Z型电子转移机理。     

混合溴源制备BiOBr微球及其可见光催化性能

以混合溴源十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和溴化钠(NaBr),五水硝酸铋(Bi(NO_3)_2·5H_2O)为反应物,乙二醇(EG)水溶液为溶剂,采用水热法制备了BiOBr微球。对制备的BiOBr微球的相结构和形貌等进行了表征。以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标污染物,在模拟可见光条件下研究了单一溴源和混合溴源对制备的BiOBr光催化性能的影响。结果表明:制备的BiOBr晶体呈片状,集合体呈球状,尺寸在3~4mm之间。当n(CTAB):n(NaBr)摩尔比为1:1时,BiOBr的比表面积最大,(110)晶面的暴露程度最高,可见光利用范围最宽,光催化性能最优,在可见光照射50min情况下,对RhB的降解率达到了94.46%,比单一溴源制备的BiOBr的光催化性能提高约19.5%。循化使用8次后对RhB的降解率仍保持在90%以上,表明BiOBr具有较好的稳定性。     

综合性实验——溴氧化铋光催化剂的制备及降解罗丹明B性能

介绍了一个化学综合性实验,涉及溴氧化铋(BiOBr)光催化剂的制备及降解罗丹明B (Rh B)性能。该实验采用溶剂热合成的方法制备了BiOBr光催化材料,利用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对其晶相和吸光性能进行了表征,并测试其在全光谱照射下降解RhB的活性,最后通过自由基捕获实验证明了光催化降解过程中的活性物种,解释了光催化降解机理。本实验贯穿材料的制备、表征、性能和机理研究,有利于学生拓宽知识面,开阔视野,提高其实践能力和对知识的综合运用能力,培养他们的创新能力和科研兴趣。     

低温溶剂热法制备BiOBr纳米球及其光催化活性研究

采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)辅助溶剂热法,在120℃下合成了溴氧化铋(BiOBr)纳米片组装的微结构。研究表明,合成的BiOBr形状规则,尺寸均匀,并具有良好的结晶性;PVP的加入可使晶体的生长方向得到有效调控,尺寸显著降低。利用合成的BiOBr在紫外光照下降解甲基橙(MO),反应35 min降解率即可达90%以上;循环使用5次后,降解率仍在90%以上,表明BiOBr产品具有良好的光催化活性和稳定性。     

溴氧化铋基光催化材料的制备及应用

溴氧化铋基光催化剂具有独特的电子结构,合适的禁带宽度及良好的光催化活性,拓宽了光催化领域的研究,有不同形貌的溴氧化铋催化剂的制备与应用一直是研究者的关注热点。重点介绍了BiOBr的晶体结构、制备方法、形貌及其光催化性能,对比了常见制备方法的优缺点,综述了国内外研究者在改性溴氧化铋基光催化材料方面所做的工作,得出在可见光响应下具有高催化活性和高稳定性的溴氧化铋基光催化材料将是下一步研究的主要方向。     

新型BiOBr光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用水热合成法制备BiOBr可见光催化剂,选择适合的溴源,考察了水热反应温度和时间对制备催化剂的影响。同时采用XRD、BET、Uv-vis紫外-可见光谱等手段对样品进行了表征。研究了BiO-Br可见光照射下的光催化活性。结果表明,在水热反应温度为160℃、水热反应时间为8h的条件下,制备的BiOBr纳米材料具有很好的光催化活性,在降解罗丹明B染料时降解率达93%,BiOBr的晶型结构受反应条件的影响,它的禁带宽度为2.69eV。     

BiOBr/UiO-66-（COOH）2复合材料制备及光催化性能研究

为提高传统光催化材料BiOBr和UiO-66-（COOH）₂的性能和对可见光的吸收强度,以及它们的光催化活性和光催化效率,通过简单的溶剂热法制备了一种新型复合光催化剂BiOBr/UiO-66-（COOH）₂。运用X射线衍射光谱（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、光致发光（PL）光谱、N₂吸附-脱附、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）和电化学等手段对其进行表征,并对其光催化降解甲基橙的效率进行了研究。结果表明,相对于单一的BiOBr材料,与UiO-66-（COOH）₂复合之后的BiOBr/UiO-66-（COOH）₂催化剂保留了原有材料的结构,相应的比表面积增大,对可见光的吸收强度增强。将BiOBr/UiO-66-（COOH）₂用于光催化降解甲基橙,在氙灯照射120 min后,甲基橙的降解率达到70%,分别约为纯UiO-66-（COOH）₂和BiOBr的3.68倍和1.43倍,光催化活性显著提高,光催化降解过程符合一级反应动力学规律。     

Ag@AgBr/Ni薄膜光催化降解罗丹明B及其机理

用电化学方法制备Ag@AgBr/Ni表面等离子体薄膜光催化剂。对薄膜的表面形貌、晶相结构、光吸收特性进行了表征,用罗丹明B(RhB)作为模拟污染物对薄膜的光催化活性和稳定性进行了测定,探索了薄膜光催化降解机理。结果表明:Ag@AgBr/Ni的优化制备工艺为:电解液中NaBr和(NH_4)_3PO_4的浓度分别为0.3和1 mol/L,pH值为8.0,电解电流密度为2.5mA/cm~2,时间为18min,并在140℃后处理1 h。优化工艺下制备的Ag@AgBr/Ni薄膜表面是由附着少量Ag粒子的AgBr纳米晶构成。薄膜表现出明显的表面等离子共振效应、优异的光催化活性和良好的稳定性:可见光辐照15 min,薄膜光催化RhB的降解率(81.0%)是Ag_3PO_4/Ni薄膜的6倍,是P25 TiO_2/ITO薄膜的14倍;光照射1 h对RhB的降解率为99.5%,循环使用4次后的降解率仍为91.6%。薄膜的高光催化活性是由AgBr晶体在(111)晶面产生择优取向和薄膜表面纳米Ag发生等离子体共振效应引起的。讨论了可见光下薄膜光催化降解RhB的反应机理。     

BiPO4/BiOBr复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

通过反应型离子液体溴化1-十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑([C₁₆min]Br)辅助溶剂热法合成制备不同质量比的BiPO₄/BiOBr复合材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散光谱(EDS)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等分析方法对所制样品进行表征。结果表明,BiPO₄/BiOBr复合材料比单体样品有更好的光学特性。以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标污染物研究了单体和复合材料的光催化降解性能。结果表明,BiPO₄/BiOBr复合材料对罗丹明B (RhB)的降解效果均优于单个样品BiPO₄和BiOBr,其中BiPO₄/BiOBr (10wt%)复合材料的光催化降解活性最高。     

Ag/AgBr/BiOBr hollow hierarchical microspheres with enhanced activity and stability for RhB degradation under visible light irradiation

Ag/AgBr/BiOBr hollow hierarchical microspheres were synthesized through a one-pot solvothermal process. The phase structure, morphology and optical property of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and DRS. Ag/AgBr/BiOBr hollow microspheres exhibited higher photocatalytic activity and improved stability than AgBr/BiOBr nanoplates for rhodamine B degradation under visible light irradiation. The enhanced activities of Ag/AgBr/BiOBr could be attributed to the hollow structure and Ag deposition, which is favorable for adsorption of reactants, enhancement of photoadsorption and transfer of photogenerated carriers. Ag deposition also prevented the decomposition of AgBr under light illumination and contributed to an improved stability.     

Plasmonic‐enhanced visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic activity of Ag–AgBr synthesized in reactable ionic liquid

BACKGROUND: Plasmonic photocatalysts have attracted considerable attention because of their applications in the degradation of organic pollutants. In order to enhance the stability of AgX photocatalyst, Ag/AgCl, Ag/AgBr/WO₃, and Ag@AgCl/RGO were developed. Results implied that silver halides could maintain stability if the metal Ag was well dispersed on the silver halide particles and could display high catalytic activity. RESULTS: PVP acted as a structure‐directing agent, and a reducing reagent in the reaction. Results show that Ag–AgBr delivered a much higher photocatalytic activity than AgBr and Ag–AgCl. The high photocatalytic activity of the Ag–AgBr composites can be attributed to the presence of metal Ag and the smaller particle size of the samples. The photocatalytic reaction followed first‐order kinetics. The rate constant k for the degradation of MO by Ag–AgBr was 2 and 18 times higher than that of AgBr and Ag–AgCl, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The MO degradation efficiency of Ag–AgBr was 94% after 10 min. After 5 cycles of repeatability tests, the degradation efficiency of MO still remained at 90%. The high photocatalytic activity of the Ag–AgBr composites can be attributed to the presence of metal Ag and the smaller particle size of the samples. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Photocatalytic activity of AgBr/TiO2 in water under simulated sunlight irradiation

In this paper, the synthesis of AgBr/TiO₂ catalyst and the photocatalytic activity in water under simulated sunlight irradiation were studied. The influence of AgBr content in catalyst and the incident light intensity on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) was investigated. It was found that the initial reaction rate constant was dependent on the relative levels of AgBr content and incident light intensity, ranging between 0.008 min⁻¹ and 0.023 min⁻¹. At higher levels of AgBr content (>9 wt%), MO degradation was exclusively dependent on the incident light intensity, which implied that the excessive AgBr in catalyst had negligible effect on catalyst activity. However, at lower AgBr contents, the reaction rate increased with the increase of incident light intensity, and eventually reached a plateau level, indicating that the degradation of MO was limited by AgBr content. The results from powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that more than 80% of AgBr remained intact after 14 h of irradiation, although metallic silver was also detected.     

AgBr/TiO_2复合催化剂:双注法制备及其可见光催化性能

以TiO2为载体,采用双注法合成了AgBr/TiO2复合光催化剂.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对AgBr/TiO2的结构、光吸收、形貌进行了表征.研究了AgBr/TiO2在可见光下对甲基橙和丁基罗丹明B的光催化活性.结果表明,与TiO2相比,AgBr/TiO2的光吸收范围拓展到400—600nm波段,并且随着AgBr负载量的增加,AgBr/TiO2的可见光吸收强度增强;当AgBr与TiO2的摩尔比为0.25时,AgBr/TiO2具有最大催化活性;在相同条件下,AgBr/TiO2对丁基罗丹明B的降解效果优于甲基橙.     

AgBr/ZnO复合材料光催化剂及其光催化性能

通过一步水热法制备了AgBr/ZnO复合光催化剂,并采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、紫外–可见光漫反射光谱仪和光致发光光谱仪对样品进行表征,分析了AgBr/ZnO体系的合成对材料光催化性能的影响。以罗丹明B溶液为目标污染物,研究复合催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明:在制备的复合样品中,Ag Br与ZnO摩尔比为1:5时(AgBr/ZnO-2)光催化活性最好,在可见光照射下,60 min对罗丹明B的降解率可达98.98%,相比于ZnO光催化活性明显提升,降解速率常数提升了11.08倍;与商用TiO2(P25)相比,降解速率常数提升了10.14倍,这主要归因于Ag Br/ZnO拥有比ZnO更低的电子空穴复合概率,且复合催化剂的光学吸收带边发生红移,从而增强了对可见光的吸收。     

Reduced graphene oxide as co-catalyst for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of BiOBr

BiOBr-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites were successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. Their morphology, structure and photocatalytic activity in the degradation of nitrobenzene were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectra, electrochemical impedance spectra and total organic carbon, respectively. The results showed that the introduction of RGO could enhance the visible light photocatalytic activity of BiOBr. The BiOBr-RGO composite with 0.6 wt% RGO exhibited an optimal photocatalytic activity, and the maximum degradation rate of nitrobenzene was about 2.16 times that of pure BiOBr due to the increased light absorption and the reduced electron-hole pair recombination in BiOBr with the introduction of RGO.     

TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> porous ceramic/Ag–AgCl composite for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of dyes under visible light irradiation

TiO₂ porous ceramic/Ag–AgCl composite was prepared by incorporating AgCl nanoparticles within the bulk of TiO₂ porous ceramic followed by reducing Ag⁺ in the AgCl particles to Ag⁰ species under visible light irradiation. The porous TiO₂ ceramic was physically robust and chemically durable, and the porous structure facilitated the implantation of AgCl NPs. Compared with the bare TiO₂ ceramic, TiO₂ porous ceramic/Ag–AgCl composite exhibited higher photocatalytic performance for the degradation of MO and RhB under visible light irradiation. The reaction rate constants k of MO and RhB degradation over TiO₂ porous ceramic/Ag–AgCl composite was respectively 6.25 times and 3.62 times higher than those recorded over the bare TiO₂ porous ceramic. The photocatalytic activity showed virtually no decline after four times cyclic experiments under visible light irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the TiO₂ porous ceramic/Ag–AgCl composite.     

The construction of TiO2 NTs/Ag3PO4–AgBr by SILAR deposition as promising photocatalysts for hydrogen production and pollutant treatment

The construction of ternary TiO₂ NTs/Ag₃PO₄–AgBr photocatalysts was carried out by the SILAR deposition of Ag₃PO₄ and AgBr on TiO₂ nanotube arrays (TiO₂ NTs) for enhancing the photocatalytic application in H₂ evolution and dyeing wastewater remediation. The adjustment of Ag₃PO₄/AgBr deposition cycles was used to optimize the optical absorption and photocatalytic property. The TiO₂ NTs/Ag₃PO₄–AgBr (5) prepared with 5 cycle deposition of Ag₃PO₄ and AgBr exhibited the optimal photoelectric activity and photocatalytic performances. The photocatalytic rate constants for the degradation of MO, RhB and MB dyes achieved 1.35 × 10⁻², 3.30 × 10⁻² and 4.47 × 10⁻² min⁻¹, respectively, and the visible light-driven photocatalytic H₂ evolution rate achieves 46.87 μmol cm⁻² h⁻¹. •O₂⁻ radicals exhibited the key influence on the organic dye degradation, and the as-prepared photocatalysts showed exceedingly high photocatalytic activity and stability. Furthermore, the photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on the ESR result.     

g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

结合热缩聚法和水热法制备了g-C₃N₄/Bi₂MoO₆复合光催化剂,利用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、氮气吸附-脱附曲线、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）、光致发光光谱（PL）等分析测试技术对材料的结构和性能进行了表征,研究了材料光催化降解罗丹明B（RhB）的效果。结果表明,与纯Bi₂MoO₆相比,g-C₃N₄/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料提高了对可见光的吸收能力,减小了带隙宽度,在可见光激发下提高了降解RhB的光催化活性。其中,5% g-C₃N₄/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料对RhB的降解率最高,在可见光照射180 min对RhB的降解率为93%;而同样条件下Bi₂MoO₆对RhB的降解率为58%。重复性实验表明,复合材料在RhB光降解过程中是稳定的,具有较好的应用潜力。