轻骨料预湿时间、吸水率对自密实轻骨料混凝土性能的影响

本文以24h吸水率表征轻骨料吸水性,通过试验验证、模型分析及扫描电子显微镜,研究轻骨料预湿时间、吸水率对自密实轻骨料混凝土工作性和骨料界面过渡区的影响。结果表明制备自密实轻骨料混凝土时,宜选用24h吸水率小于10%的轻骨料,且轻骨料预湿时间不宜过短。轻骨料的多孔性和粗糙表面有利于改善轻骨料与水泥石的粘结性能。     

陶粒预湿程度对轻骨料混凝土拉伸徐变的影响

采用U型管微压测定装置测定不同预湿程度陶粒在轻骨料混凝土中的吸水返水过程,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察轻骨料混凝土界面结构形貌,采用新型环形约束收缩装置研究了部分约束条件下轻骨料混凝土的拉伸徐变特性.结果表明:随着陶粒预湿程度的提高,陶粒在轻骨料混凝土中的吸水能力下降,返水能力提高,陶粒与水泥石界面结合程度加强,轻骨料混凝土的拉伸徐变值减小.     

The effects of aggregate properties on lightweight concrete

This paper describes a study of the effects of several factors on the strength of lightweight aggregate concrete composites: aggregate strength, w/c ratio and the porosities of the interfacial zone and within the hardened cement paste. Concrete samples with three different water cement ratios (i.e. 0.4, 0.44, 0.48) were compared. The crushing strengths of three grades of expanded clay lightweight aggregates (i.e. 25, 15, 5 mm) and the pore distributions of the hardened cement pastes were measured. Increasing the water/cement ratio was found to decrease the strength of lightweight aggregate concrete. The numbers of pores within the cement paste and in the aggregate/cement paste interfacial zone were found to increase.     

大流动性高强轻集料混凝土的研究

本文研究了在不掺矿物掺合料的情况下水灰比、水泥用量和砂率对大流动性轻集料混凝土性能的影响。试验结果表明,水灰比对轻集料混凝土的影响比水泥用量和砂率要大得多,水泥用量对轻集料混凝土强度的影响存在一个极限用量。通过合理选择水泥用量、水灰比、砂率、掺加适量的高效减水剂,得到工作性能良好的轻集料混凝土。     

Mechanical properties of expanded polystyrene lightweight aggregate concrete and brick

In this study, mix proportion parameters of expanded polystyrene (EPS) lightweight aggregate concrete are analyzed by using Taguchi’s approach. The density, compressive strength and stress-strain behavior were tested. The optimal mixture of EPS lightweight aggregate concrete was selected among experiments under consideration to manufacture the lightweight hollow bricks. The results show that EPS dosage has the most significant effect on compressive strength of EPS lightweight aggregate concrete, then water and cement ratio, while the content of cement and sand ratio play a comparatively less important part. The relationship between density and compressive strength of EPS lightweight aggregate concrete is proposed as f_c = 2.43 × γ^2.997 × 10⁻⁹. The legitimacy of the use of EPS lightweight bricks made by EPS lightweight aggregate concrete is confirmed.     

粗骨料和钢纤维对混凝土中裂纹扩展模式的影响

以混凝土断面上粗骨料断裂分数作为评价手段,研究了粗骨料和钢纤维对混凝土中裂纹扩展模式的影响。研究结果表明:对于轻骨料混凝土和高强混凝土,裂纹的扩展模式主要是以穿过粗骨料的方式进行;对于低强混凝土,裂纹的扩展模式主要是以沿过渡区的方式进行。掺入钢纤维后,显著改变了轻骨料混凝土和高强混凝土中裂纹的扩展模式,使得部分裂纹的扩展由穿过粗骨料进行转变为沿过渡区进行;掺入钢纤维后,轻骨料混凝土断面上粗骨料断裂分数降低了39.6%,高强混凝土断面上粗骨料断裂分数降低了26.0%。     

预湿轻集料对高强混凝土早期收缩的影响

本文研究了用预湿轻集料部分取代普通粗集料对高强混凝土的强度和收缩的影响。用15％的预湿轻集料部分取代普通粗集料对于减少混凝土的自收缩有很大的效应。这个理论可以认为预湿轻集料给水泥提供了内部水分的供应．使其继续水化,阻止了收缩。     

轻集料混凝土干燥收缩影响因素及开裂评价方法

采用测试内约束收缩应力的方法研究了表观密度、水灰比、轻集料品种、不同矿物掺合料及约束程度对轻集料混凝土干燥收缩开裂的影响.结果显示,轻集料混凝土表观密度的降低增大了干燥收缩开裂的趋势,过低或过高的水灰比对干燥收缩开裂均有不利影响,轻集料种类则对收缩应力有一定影响;粉煤灰、磨细矿渣粉、硅灰的掺入降低了收缩开裂风险,混凝土收缩开裂概率随着约束程度提高明显增大.     

次轻混凝土匀质性影响因素研究

本文提出了用分层度评价次轻混凝土匀质性的方法。并研究了混凝土水胶比、轻集料体积掺量、砂率、轻集料粒径、纤维掺量、硅类掺量、增粘剂掺量对次轻混凝土分层度的影响。研究结果表明,轻集料的粒径是影响次轻混凝土分层度的主要因素,轻集的粒径应控制在4．75mm～9．5mm的范围内,采用低的水胶比并同时掺加适量的硅灰、聚合物纤维和增粘剂可以显著提高轻混凝土的匀质性。采用0．31的水胶比．掺加30％粒径为4．75mm～9．5mm的轻集料、8％的硅灰和0．3％的增粘剂,制备出分层度小于0．1的C50次轻混凝土。     

Mechanical and bond properties of coconut shell concrete

The properties of concrete using coconut shell as coarse aggregate were investigated in an experimental study. Compressive, flexural, splitting tensile strengths, impact resistance and bond strength were measured and compared with the theoretical values as recommended by the standards. For the selected mix, two different water–cement ratios have been considered to study the effect on the flexural and splitting tensile strengths and impact resistance of coconut shell concrete. The bond properties were determined through pull-out test. Coconut shell concrete can be classified under structural lightweight concrete. The results showed that the experimental bond strength of coconut shell concrete is much higher than the bond strength as estimated by BS 8110 and IS 456:2000 for the mix selected.     

轻骨料混凝土的收缩性能研究

研究了不同吸水率、不同预湿程度的轻骨料对不同水胶比混凝土收缩性能的影响,并与普通骨料混凝土、混合骨料混凝土进行对比分析.结果表明,在低水胶比时轻骨料混凝土的收缩大于普通骨料混凝土,在高水胶比时,早龄期轻骨料混凝土的收缩小于普通骨料混凝土,而后期大于普通骨料混凝土;随着骨料预湿含水率的提高,轻骨料混凝土的收缩变形减小,在早期尤为显著,通过预湿处理提高轻骨料预饱水程度可以显著降低轻骨料混凝土的收缩     

Palm kernel shell as a lightweight aggregate in concrete

An artificial aggregate, the plam kernel shell obtained from palm nut, can be classified as organic lightweight aggregate.

Tests on the concrete made with this material as coarse aggregate, show a density range of 1450 kg m⁻³ to 1750 kg m⁻³, which classifies it as lightweight concrete. Compressive strength results of the concrete show that there is increase in strength with curing period, for up to 90 days tested. Based on the American Standard for Testing Materials, the shell concrete is adequate as a structural concrete. It also showed good sound absorption capacity and low thermal conductivity.     

Characteristics of mortar and concrete containing fine aggregate manufactured from recycled waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles

This paper presents the development of lightweight aggregate concrete using fine aggregate that is manufactured from recycled waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. Investigations on waste PET lightweight aggregate concrete included three phases: examination of the properties of waste PET lightweight aggregates (WPLA), analysis of the properties of mortar when WPLA was used as fine aggregate, and analysis of the properties of concrete when WPLA was used as fine aggregate. The results of the first phase showed that the WPLA had a density of 1390 kg/m³, a water absorption of 0% and a bulk density of 844 kg/m³. WPLA fineness modulus (F.M.), however, was 4.11, which is higher than the F.M. of river sand. This is because the WPLA was single graded. The results of the second phase showed that for the mortar, in which the WPLA was used as a fine aggregate, the flow value increased, while the compressive strength decreased proportionally to the addition of WPLA with elapsed time. In addition, the amount of water absorption by unit area was higher than for the control mortar (without WPLA) when the WPLA content was either 40% or 60%. For the third phase, the results showed that the slump of the WPLA concrete increased as the WPLA content increased regardless of the water-cement ratio (W/C). In comparison to the control concrete, the 28-day WPLA concrete compressive strength decreased by 5%, 15% and 30%, with an increase of WPLA content of 25%, 50% and 75%, respectively. In addition, for a W/C of 0.49, the structural efficiency (compressive strength/density ratio) of the concrete containing 25% of WPLA was higher than that for the control concrete.     

轻集料吸水率对轻集料水泥石界面区特性的影响

利用固体核磁共振硅谱(29Si NMR)和显微硬度计,定量表征了轻集料-水泥石界面区的水化程度、水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶聚合度和力学性能,研究了轻集料吸水率对轻集料-水泥石界面区力学性能和C-S-H凝胶微结构的影响规律,并以此验证了预湿轻集料的内养护效应.结果表明:轻集料-水泥石界面区的水化程度、C-S-H凝胶聚合度和显微硬度均高于水泥石基体;轻集料吸水率越大,轻集料-水泥石界面区的水化程度、C-S-H凝胶聚合度和显微硬度越高,预湿轻集料的内养护作用越明显.     

粗骨料对轻骨料混凝土塑性收缩裂缝的影响

轻骨料级配以及含水率影响用其配制的混凝土的塑性收缩裂缝。试验结果表明,轻骨料单粒级粒径增大,则骨料吸水率和新拌混凝土水分蒸发量均增大,而裂缝面积却随之减小：此外,高含水率轻骨料更有利于抑制混凝土早期塑性收缩开裂。     

Influence of silica fume on the interfacial bond between aggregate and matrix in near-surface layer of concrete

The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) as the weakest position in concrete is always paid much attention. This paper presents the results of an investigation on the interfacial bond between aggregate and matrix in the near surface layer of concrete at the macro- and micro-level. Specimens with different silica fume additions (0%, 6%, 9% and 12% by mass of cement) and cement dosages (400 and 450 kg/m³) were prepared by removing certain near-surface mortar and making coarse aggregates exposed. The interfacial bond properties were evaluated by the pull-out test and microhardness test. It was found that ITZs around the near-surface-zone aggregate were influenced not only by the Wall Effect and the accumulation of microbleeding water under aggregate, but also by the near-surface weakness zone effect. The additional silica fume can successively enhance the interfacial bond strength, decrease the thickness of the near-surface weakness zone and improve ITZs in the near-surface layer of concrete.     

尺寸效应对水泥净浆与粗骨料界面黏结性能的影响

分析了粗骨料的尺寸对混凝土过渡区界面黏结性能的影响,并通过劈裂抗拉试验、压剪试验获得了粗骨料和硬化水泥浆之间的劈裂抗拉强度及抗剪强度.结果表明:粗骨料的尺寸对界面过渡区的黏结性能有较大的影响,界面黏结强度随粗骨料尺寸的增大而减小;水灰比越低,界面黏结性能越好;粗骨料的类型对界面过渡区黏结性能也有较大性能的影响.     

高性能轻集料混凝土收缩性能研究

试验研究了胶凝材料用量、砂率、矿物掺合料和引气剂掺量对高性能轻集料混凝土收缩性能的影响。结果表明,高性能轻集料混凝土的收缩早期增长较快,到45d后增长才逐渐减缓,其达到稳定所需时间较长。轻集料混凝土的收缩随着胶凝材料的增加、水胶比和砂率的降低而增大;掺入一定量的粉煤灰和矿渣可以明显减小轻集料混凝土的收缩变形;引气剂的掺量对轻集料混凝土早期收缩影响不大,但混凝土后期收缩随引气剂掺量的增加而有不同程度的增大。     

水泥浆包裹橡胶集料法配制混凝土的抗压强度

为提高橡胶混凝土的抗压强度,采用水泥浆包裹橡胶的方法配制混凝土,并进行抗压强度测试;利用SEM、EDXA和显微硬度等测试方法,对混凝土界面过渡区结构进行表征。结果表明:采用水泥浆包裹橡胶集料的方法,与基准混凝土相比较,随橡胶集料掺量的增加,混凝土7d和28d的抗压强度虽有所降低,但降低的幅度较小;橡胶集料掺量30 kg/m~3,混凝土7d和28d的抗压强度分别为普通成型混凝土的141%和136%。水泥浆包裹橡胶法配制的混凝土抗压强度高。     

Long term study on compressive and bond strength of coconut shell aggregate concrete

Effects of three types of curing on coconut shell aggregate concrete have been studied for long term performance. The pore structure of coconut shell has been studied through scanning electron microscope (SEM). The pore structures in coconut shell behave like a reservoir. Intermittent curing produced the highest coconut shell aggregate concrete strength, followed by full water, and then by air-dry curing. Biological decay was not evident as the concrete cubes gained strength even after 365 days. Up to an age of 90 days, the samples under all types of curing conditions showed improved response on the pulse velocity and subsequently an insignificant drop. The ultimate bond strength of coconut shell aggregate concrete under all types of curing conditions was much higher compared to the theoretical bond strength as per BS 8110 and IS 456. Bonding between the cement paste and the coconut shell aggregate has been studied by measuring fissure between the coconut shell and the cement paste through SEM analysis. It shows a tendency of narrowing the fissure due to its age, which shows that the bond appears to be better between the coconut shell and the cement paste.