自己动手,丰衣足食

忽然之间,通胀了。超市里,米贵了,面贵了,油贵了,连卷纸都在涨。菜场里,青菜贵了,海鲜贵了,各种肉也贵了。一时之间,贵气袭来,席卷了我们的生活。我们的收入没变,但是能够换来的实物越来越少了。     

蛋黄为何成为婴儿的辅食之选

转眼小外甥女六七个月了,开始添加辅食了。家人把鸡蛋煮熟后,就要喂给孩子吃。我在一边看到了,说:"这么小的宝宝最适合吃蛋黄,喂蛋黄就可以了。"很多家长都把蛋黄作为宝宝的辅食之选,至于为什么,就说不清楚了。我想,看了下面的解释,大家就很容易明白了。     

大型纺织科学共享数据库的开发

针对目前纺织企业、科研机构及高等院校对纺织科学数据的大量需求,提出了建设基于网络的大型纺织科学共享数据库的方案并予以实施。详细分析了目前已有纺织科学数据平台所存在的问题,给出了共享数据库的建设方案及总体结构模块图。对数据库建设的重要问题数据来源给出了具体方法,阐述了数据库的分段方法及格式设定,并列出了数据库的具体内容。针对纺织特点对大型数据库的维护方法提出了建议。最后分析了该数据库建设的创新性,并对数据库的前景进行了展望。     

香蕉皮变黑≠香蕉坏了

我家餐桌上放着一根香蕉．香蕉皮已经全变黑了。老公见了拿起来就扔进垃圾桶。我对老公说：”其实这种熟透了的香蕉食用后对人更好丢掉它是不明智的做法。“老公说．香蕉皮变黑了就代表香蕉坏了东西变坏了就应该扔掉！。     

情人桥

桥是河两岸的连接,与两颗心灵的相通有相似处。桥承载着一种理想,那是从此岸通向彼岸的捷径。相爱的两个人也如同两岸间的距离那样,需要一座桥梁的架起。站在桥上,回头看看走过的路,路上的每一个脚印都洒满了泪水和欢笑。脚步近了,眼睛亮了,心跳加速了。桥的尽头清晰可见,心头那份执着的信念有了归宿。走在桥上,走到了中间,再走就到了桥头。桥告诉我,不是这样的,桥下的流水源源不断的流淌吗。爱情,从没有因为形式的消失而结束。下了桥,路开始延伸,相思就开始蔓延了。     

对鲐鱼罐头生产工艺的改进

利用改进后的工艺生产出来的罐头。不仅提高了产品质量增加了鲐鱼罐头品种系列,也节约了原副材料,充分利用了鲐鱼本身油脂多的特点,降低了生产成本,提高了生产效益。     

水解胶原蛋白及其表征的研究进展

本文简单介绍了胶原蛋白的结构和用途，总结了提取胶原蛋白的方法。归纳了胶原蛋白的结构表征方法，阐述了胶原蛋白分子量的测定方法，为胶原蛋白的应用提供了一定的依据。最后，本文还对胶原蛋白分子量的控制进行了展望。     

爱是天下最美的味道

吃饱穿暖，是人类生存最基本的需求。如今生活好了，吃穿都不愁了，但一种食物是否真正称得上是美食，那就因人而异了。所谓“饥了香，饱了臭”，在今天看来都算不上什么美食。但当年我们把这些在今天看来再平常不过的食物都吃出了美味，吃出了好的心情，吃出了智慧。     

学会使用“小管家”

股市的火爆直接促使了理财观念的深入人心。股市的火爆直接促使了理财观念的深入人心。在今天的中国,人们见面的第一句话已经从"你吃了吗"变成了"买股票了吗""买基金了吗",足可见,投资渠道的拓宽。可是理财必须基于对资产的全面管理和配置。     

点燃创新的激情

行业很冷,冷得让不少人失去了激情,失去了方向感,甚至失去了坚持下去的勇气。当二十多年来每年两位数的增长突然下降,突然来了个急刹车,这真不是闹着玩的。而且,以往有效的手段,似乎在这寂静的冬天里也唤不来消费者了。到底是怎么了?     

向日葵盘低酯化果胶对重金属离子Pb2+的吸附性能研究

重金属污染由于缺乏有效的治理方法而对公众健康有严重威胁,为了开发吸附重金属离子的生物新材料,本文以向日葵盘为原料提取天然的低酯化果胶LAHP,并研究LAHP对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附性能、优化LAHP吸附Pb2+的条件。采用草酸溶液80 oC提取、乙醇沉淀的方法获得LAHP,产率为14.68%±0.76%。质量分析显示LAHP符合国家质量标准对食品添加剂果胶的要求,结构分析说明LAHP主要由半乳糖醛酸（GalA,86.34%）组成,甲酯化度为23.93%±1.57%,分子量为257 kDa,是天然的低酯化果胶。LAHP对Pb2+的吸附能力受果胶用量、溶液pH、吸附温度和干扰离子等因素的影响,优化确定了LAHP吸附Pb2+的最佳条件:果胶添加量为30 mg/L（Pb2+浓度为11.0 mg/L）、溶液的pH=8.0、处理温度30 ℃。LAHP对Pb2+的最大吸附量为44.57±2.50 mg/g,二价金属离子会在一定程度上影响LAHP对Pb2+的吸附能力。因此,从向日葵盘中提取的低酯果胶是一种良好的天然重金属吸附剂,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Critical evaluation of desorption phenomena of heavy metals from natural sediments

In natural sediments, the majority of heavy metal ions are generally associated with the solid phase. To become bioavailable, the metal ions must desorb from the solid. Numerous studies of heavy metals in sediments have suggested that sorption and desorption exhibit hysteresis (i.e., the two processes are not reversible), while other studies have suggested that desorption hysteresis does not exist. In this study, sorption/desorption hysteresis of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) was evaluated over the following range of conditions: (i) desorption induced by replacing the supernatant liquid with contaminant-free electrolyte solution; (ii) desorption induced by lowering the solution pH with mineral acid; and (iii) desorption induced by sequestration with EDTA. Given the importance of dissolved organic and inorganic ligands in regulating heavy metal behavior in nature sediments, sorption/desorption experiments were conducted on both untreated and prewashed sediments. Prewashing treatment increases the sorption potential of Cd but not Pb. Desorption hysteresis is observed in both the untreated and the prewashed sediments using the replaced supernatant method, and the desorption hysteresis appears to increase with aging time. Hysteresis is not observed when desorption is initiated by lowering the solution pH. A large fraction of the sorbed heavy metal ions can be easily desorbed by EDTA; between 0.04 and 1.2 mmol/kg Cd and Pb ions are resistant to desorption.     

Uptake of metals during chelant-assisted phytoextraction with EDDS related to the solubilized metal concentration

The use of chelants to enhance phytoextraction is one method being tested to make phytoextraction efficient enough to be used as a remediation technique for heavy metal pollution in the field. We performed pot experiments with sunflowers in order to investigate the use of the biodegradable chelating agent SS-EDDS for this purpose. We used singly and combined contaminated soils (Cu, Zn) and multimetal contaminated field soils (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb). EDDS (10 mmol kg(-10 soil) increased soil solution metals greatly for Cu (factor 840-4260) and Pb (factor 100-315), and to a lesser extent for Zn (factor 23-50). It was found that Zn (when present as the sole metal), Cu, and Pb uptake by sunflowers was increased by EDDS, butin multimetal contaminated soil Zn and Cd were not. EDDS was observed in the sunflower roots and shoots at concentrations equal to metal uptake. The different metal uptake in the various soils can be related to a linear relationship between Cu and Zn in soil solution in the presence of EDDS and plant uptake, indicating the great importance of measuring and reporting soil solution metal concentrations in phytoextraction studies.     

比浊法测定饲料添加剂中重金属限量的研究

采用不同试样预处理方法,并以硫代乙酰胺溶液和硫化钠溶液作为显色剂,研究饲料添加剂中重金属限量试验的制定方法.经试验验证,以硫代乙酰胺为显色剂的比浊法和以硫化钠为显色剂比浊法的目视检出限分别为4μg/管和3μg/管;2种比浊方法,铅含量在0～40μg/管与吸光度值均呈良好的线性关系(r>0.99),对添加重金属的不同试样...     

加工精度对稻谷籽粒中重金属含量的影响

研究了稻谷籽粒不同的组织结构中Cd、Pb、As的含量分布,以及不同加工精度对重金属去除率的影响。结果表明,研究样品中Pb的浓度最高,米糠层重金属含量最高。随着加工精度的增加,重金属去除率也随之增加,当碾米120 s后,As总去除率最高,为42.57%,而Cd和Pb的去除率分别为24.38%和41.38%。因此通过砻谷和提高碾米精度,可以去除稻谷中部分重金属。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定一次性纸杯中7种重金属元素的残留量

建立了同时测定一次性纸杯中Pb、Cr、Ni、As、Sb、Cd和Ba7种重金属元素的微波消解仪-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法。样品以硝酸和双氧水为消解液,通过微波消解仪消解样品,采用动能歧视消除模式(kinetic energy discrimination,KED)和在线引入内标溶液进行检测。检测信号(CPS)与7种重金属元素含量之间呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数R~2均0.9997,样品回收率在85.0%~112.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于6.46%。利用该方法分析了国家标准物质GBW10045中的7种重金属元素,所得结果与标准值基本一致。该方法具有灵敏快速和定量准确的特点,适用于一次性纸杯中7种痕量重金属元素的检测分析。     

食用酒精重金属检验新方法的研究

食用酒精重金属检验方法目前是采用饱和硫化氢溶液作显色剂的比色测定法，该法毒性大、气味难闻、污染严重、繁琐、耗时。研究了采用硫化钠溶液取代硫化氢作为显色剂的可行性，并确定了最佳的测定条件。与原来的方法相比，本法极大地降低了毒性，大大减少了污染、而且简便、快捷、易于操作。本法适用于食用酒精质量管理中重金属指标的分析检验。     

Survey on the quality of commercial Nigari (crude magnesium chloride [sea water])

Contents of minerals (Mg, Ca, Na and K), anions (SO4(2-), Br- and Cl) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg and As) were determined in 17 commercial samples of Nigari, 15 samples of crude magnesium chloride (sea water) products as a food additive and 2 magnesium-containing foods. Obtained values were compared with the specifications proposed in a draft of the eighth edition of Japan's Specifications and Standards for Food Additives. Out of 15 food additive samples, only 5 samples satisfied the specification. Since the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) proposed to lower the limits of heavy metals in food additives, a simple method was developed for the determination of low levels of Pb and Cd by extracting chelates of these metals with organic solvents. The quantification limits for Pb and Cd were 0.5 microg/g and 0.05 microg/g, respectively. It was estimated from the SO4(2-)/Ca ratios that 15 samples were sea water evaporation products, and the remaining 2 were ion-exchange membrane process products. No pollution with heavy metals was found in any of the samples.     

杨梅烧酒香气物质和重金属含量的分析

采用液-液萃取法萃取杨梅烧酒中的香气成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪进行分析检测;采用原子吸收分光光度法,分析杨梅酒中的铁、锰、铜、锌、铅、镁重金属元素。结果表明,杨梅烧酒共检出22种香气成分,主要呈香化合物有酸类、酯类及醇类,主要香气成分为乙酸、己酸乙酯、己酸、苯乙醇、丁酸、丁酸乙酯;在杨梅烧酒中分别检测出6种重金属的含量为：Fe 0.93 mg/kg,Cu 0.07 mg/kg,Mn 1.24 mg/kg,Zn 0.41 mg/kg,Mg 21.96 mg/kg,Pb 0.15 mg/kg。而用于浸泡杨梅的酒中6种重金属含量为：Fe 0.12 mg/kg,Cu 0.02 mg/kg,Mn未检出,Zn 0.01 mg/kg,Mg 2.21 mg/kg,Pb 0.13 mg/kg。结果表明,重金属有从杨梅向酒中迁移的倾向。     

Heavy Metals Bounding Ability of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel in Model System

Pomegranate fruit is an important sources of natural phenolic compounds. In this study, the influence of pomegranate fruit peel on binding of some heavy metals were established by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Also, the total phenolic content of methanol extract of pomegranate fruit peel was determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Amounts of 1, 2, 3, 10, 20, 40, and 60 g of ground peel were used in this experiment. After pomegranate samples were weighed, they were added into 500 ml baker. Each sample was treated by several solutions contained the heavy metal elements at different concentrations. The heavy metal contents in the solutions prepared with ground material were decreased with increasing of ground material. At the same time, the bounding rate of heavy metals increased with the increase of ground peel amounts. Lead (Pb) with 99.2% rate for solution obtained from 20 g ground sample was the highest bound element. It can be observed from these results that the amount of metal ions bound by the ground material differed from on fraction to others.