Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel

The types,morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)attached to SEM.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP.The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels.The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels.The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size.The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was(14-20)x 10-6,which can act as a micro-alloying element.The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test.Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively.The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods.The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth.Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation.The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions.     

Lanthanide NIR luminescence for telecommunications, bioanalyses and solar energy conversion

Present-day advanced technologies heavily rely on the exciting magnetic and spectroscopic properties of lanthanide ions. In particular, their ability to generate well-characterized and intense near-infrared (NIR) luminescence is exploited in any modern fiber-optic telecommunication network. In this feature article, we first summarize the whereabouts underlying the design of highly luminescent NIR molecular edifices and materials. We then focus on describing the main trends in three applications related to this spectral range: telecommunications, biosciences, and solar energy conversion. In telecommunications, efforts concentrate presently on getting easily processable polymer-based waveguide amplifiers. Upconversion nanophosphors emitting in the visible after NIR excitation are now ubiquitous in many bioanalyses while their application to bio-imaging is still in its early stages; however, highly sensitive NIR-NIR systems start to be at hand for both in vitro and in vivo imaging, as well as dual probes combining magnetic resonance and optical imaging. Finally, both silicon-based and dye-sensitized solar cells benefit from the downconversion and upconversion capabilities of lanthanide ions to harvest UV and NIR solar light and to boost the overall quantum efficiency of these next-generation devices.     

Evaluation of D113 cation exchange resin for the removal of Eu(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution

Batch adsorption experiments were conducted for the adsorption of Eu(Ⅲ) ions from aqueous solution by D113 resin. The results indicated that D113 resin could adsorb Eu(Ⅲ) ion effectively from aqueous solution. The adsorption was strongly dependent on pH of the medium with enhanced adsorption as the pH turned from 3.50 to 7.00 and the optimal adsorption condition was in HAc-NaAc medium with pH value of 6.50. The maximum uptake capacity of Eu(Ⅲ) ions was 290.9 mg/g D113 at 298 K, at an initial pH value of 6.50. The overall adsorption process was best described by Lagergren-first-order kinetics. When Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were tested, the latter had a better fit with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (G) which were all negative, indicated that the adsorption of Eu(Ⅲ) ions onto D113 resin was spontaneous and the positive value of enthalpy (H) showed that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. Thomas model was applied to experimental column data to determine the characteristic parameters of column useful for process design. Furthermore, Eu(Ⅲ) could be eluted by using 3.0 mol/L HCl solution and the D113 resin could be regenerated and reused.     

Phase structure and temperature dependent luminescence properties of Sr2LiSiO4F: Eu2+ and Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+ phosphors

Green-emitting Sr2LiSiO4F:Eu2+ and blue-emitting Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphors were synthesized by the conventional high temperature solid-state route,respectively.Their structures and photoluminescenee properties were comparatively investigated.It was found that the mixture phases of Sr2MgSi2O7 and SrF2 were obtained when a part of Sr2+ in Sr2LiSiO4F was replaced by some amount of Mg2+ in order to design the possible SrMgLiSiO4F:Eu2+ phosphor.Based on the photoluminescence analysis,Sr2LiSiO4F:Eu2+ phosphor exhibited a green broad emission band of main peak at 513 nm under the excitation of 365 nm,while the Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ and SrMgLiSiO4F:Eu2+ phosphor showed blue emission centered at 467 nm.The temperature dependent photoluminescence properties and room temperature decay time for the three kinds of phosphors were also discussed in this paper.     

Er3+-substituted W-type barium ferrite: preparation and electromagnetic properties

Er3+-substituted W-type barium ferrites Ba1-xErx(Zn0.3Co0.7)2Fe16O27(x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)were synthesized by polymer adsorbent combustion method.Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and network analyzer to investigate the relationships among Er3+concentration,crystal structure,surface mcrphology and electromagnetic properties.All the XRD patterns showed pure phase of W-type barium ferrite when x≤0.15,while the impurity phase of ErFeO3 appeared when x=0.20.The pure W-type barium ferrite showed a hexagonal flake shape.In addition,the microwave electromagnetic properties of samples were analyzed in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz.It was indicated that the electromagnetic properties were significantly improved when Er3+doping content was 0.10.The reasons were also discussed using electromagnetic theory.The optimized ferrite exhibited excellent microwave absoption performance.The maximum of reflection loss(RL)reached about-27.4 dB and RL was below-10dB at the frequency range from 8.4 GHz to 18 GHz,when the thickness was 2.6 mm.     

EXAFS investigation and luminescent properties of nanosized Tb: Lu2O3 phosphors

Nanosized terbium doped Lu2O3 phosphors were synthesized via a modified co-precipitation processing.The as-prepared Tb:Lu2O3 phosphors was consisted of well crystallized nanosized sphere particles with a diameter of about 30 nnx Local structure of Tb ions in Lu2O3 lattice was investigated by an analytical approach based on Fourier transformation of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) data.X-ray near edge structure (XANES) spectra suggested that all Tb ions doped were tervalonce.EXAFS results indicated that Tb ions have entered the Lu2O3 cubic lattice by means of solid solution.The coordination number and first shell Tb-O distance dropped with the increasing of Tb concentration.Emission spectra of the phosphors was shown to be typical for Tb3+ with main components at 542,550 and 490 nm,derived from irradiative relaxation of 5D4 level.The emission intensity decreased severely with the increasing of Tb concentration from 1 mol.% to 15 tool.%,suggesting a significant concentration quenching above 1 mol.% Tb.The reduction of emission intensity was interpreted by higher distortion derived relaxation among the surface state resident Tb3+ ions.     

Multi-Pass Simulation of Heavy Plate Rolling Including Intermediate Forced Cooling

Thermomechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP) including accelerated cooling after the final hot rolling pass is a well-established technology,widely applied in HSLA steel plate production.However,there are still certain limitations,especially for thicker plate.The rolling schedule includes a long holding period (HP) after the roughing stage to allow the temperature to fall sufficiently for optimised TMCP during finishing.Intermediate Forced Cooling (IFC) applied during the HP can increase productivity by decreasing the required hold time,can restrict austenite grain growth,and can also improve the subsequent strain penetration in thick plate with further metallurgical benefits.Multi-pass plane strain compression (PSC) tests have been performed on the thermomechanical compression (TMC) machine at Sheffield University including different severities of IFC.Clearly it is impossible to simulate all aspects of the temperature and strain gradients present in thick plates in laboratory specimens,and most of the tests were conducted at temperatures and strains calculated by Finite Element modelling as relevant to specific positions through the plate thickness.However,some aspects of the gradients were addressed with tests using cold platens.The results have indeed shown that IFC can shorten the HP and reduce austenite grain growth and its variation across thick plate.     

Overview of Particles and Bubbles in Continuously Cast Steel

This paper gives an overview of phenomena associated with particles and bubbles in continuously cast steel. During steel processing from deoxidation to solidification the inclusion population undergoes changes with opportunities of removal. Flotation is an important separation mechanism. Inclusion particles may accumulate in the solidifying strand, thus forming enriched bands, which depend on the type of casting machine. Bubbles are created during inert gas injection. They also change in size, can float out, but also form accumulation bands. The interaction of bubbles and particles is discussed. Internal structure that recently has been observed on the inner surface of bubbles will be reviewed.     

烦恼 快乐 艺术——池莉“人生三部曲”解读

池莉的"人生三部曲"--<烦恼人生>、<不谈爱情>、<太阳出世>诉尽了普普通通的市民烦恼,小说中主人公被柴米油盐、吃喝拉撒、老婆孩子等琐事所烦着,从而构成他们的"烦恼人生".然而池莉通过自己的艺术创作,以积极的人生态度,又让读者体会到生活本身的快乐,"烦恼人生"中包含着"快乐人生".     

属性块在工程图形中的研究与应用

介绍了在工程图形中用属性块标注表面粗糙度的方法.采用属性块不仅能避免大量重复性的工作,还能节省大量的存储空间,具有提高绘图速度、质量,便于修改,资源共享等应用价值.     

多台炉煤气站自动除渣系统

在7台炉构成的煤气站中,采用每台炉单独出渣再人工运走的传统出渣方式,存在劳动量大、操作环境恶劣和效率低的问题。为此,改进煤气炉的炉底结构,将每台炉的炉底灰斗末端深入到一条长水水槽内,水封高度保证煤气炉的炉内压力要求,设置刮板链条、改向轮、压轮及传动机构等,构成自动除渣系统。应用表明,系统除渣顺利,煤气炉炉底周围无粉尘污染。     

一种特征煤代替肥煤的配煤炼焦试验

在对特征煤基础特性分析的基础上,用特征煤替代部分肥煤和气煤进行了40 kg小焦炉及4.3 m顶装焦炉炼焦试验,结果表明,特征煤代替肥煤配量控制在20%以内,焦炭质量变化不大,热态强度略有改善,在常规顶装焦炉上用10%～15%的特征煤代替肥煤炼焦是可行的。增配10%特征煤、相应减少肥煤配量8%、气煤2%,可生产出高强度一级冶金焦（M40=84.3%、M10=7.2%,CRI=23.5%、CSR=69.7%）,降低配煤成本19.1元/t。     

提高预热煤粉燃烧率的机制

 以邯郸钢铁公司2种高炉喷吹用煤粉作为原料,用马弗炉进行预热,测定不同温度预热后的失重率和燃烧率,并采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察预热后煤粉表面结构的变化。试验结果表明,烟煤150℃预热时的失重率为512%,且随着预热温度升高,煤粉的失重率增加,预热温度300℃时失重率可达到17.24%。无烟煤预热后失重率变化不大,预热温度为300℃时失重率仅为5.66%。预热后煤粉燃烧率明显升高。300℃预热条件下的烟煤燃烧率为89.74%,相对于原煤提高了15.67%,无烟煤燃烧率为85.19%,相对于原煤提高了24.80%。预热后煤粉表面结构发生了明显变化,层状和孔隙结构增加,从而提高了煤粉的燃烧率,为提高预热煤粉的燃烧率提供了理论基础。     

改质沥青对冶金炼焦过程单种煤成焦性质的影响

 针对宣化钢铁公司焦化厂所用的种煤,分别研究改质沥青的加入量,对灰分Ad、挥发分Vdaf、硫分St,d、收缩指数X和煤粘结指数G等主要成焦性能的影响。研究表明：加入改质沥青小于5％时,对瘦煤、1/3焦煤、焦2煤和弱粘煤的灰分、硫含量的影响不大,对弱粘煤、1/3焦煤和瘦煤的粘结指数没有明显的影响,对弱粘煤和瘦煤的胶质层厚度影响也不明显;随着改质沥青的加入,焦2煤和1/3焦煤的胶质层厚度显著增加,焦2煤的粘结性指数也显著增加。加入改质沥青大于5％时,随着改质沥青的加入,瘦煤和弱粘煤的灰分下降明显,焦2煤硫含量降低增大,瘦煤的胶质层厚度显著增加,弱粘煤、1/3焦煤和瘦煤的粘结指数有明显增加。加入改质沥青对各单种煤收缩指数影响规律较复杂,弱粘煤和1/3焦煤的收缩指数在配入3%改质沥青降到最小,以后又都明显增大,但改质沥青达到5%~6%后又减小;焦2煤和瘦煤在加入量小于5％时,收缩指数变化不大,加入量大于5％时才明显减少。     

粉煤制备系统与立式磨煤机

磨煤机是粉煤制备系统中的核心设备,其作用是将具有一定尺寸的块煤干燥、破碎并磨制成粉煤,常用的有卧式球磨机和立式磨煤机两种。本文介绍了粉煤制备系统的工艺流程,对两种磨煤机进行了对比,详细描述了立式磨煤机的结构特点、工作原理以及在白银有色集团股份有限公司铜业公司生产中的应用情况。     

鞍钢鲅鱼圈炼焦用煤煤岩研究

借助于煤岩学理论,利用煤岩显微镜及相关软件对鞍钢股份有限公司鲅鱼圈炼焦用37个采矿点的77种单种煤进行了煤岩分析,并建立了炼焦用煤镜质组反射率分布图谱汇编,根据可行的配煤预案分别进行手工配煤和小焦炉配煤煤岩测定．将其实验室结果应用于实际生产,实现了煤岩配煤技术在鞍钢鲅鱼圈炼焦生产中的应用。     

气煤在包钢炼焦配煤中的应用

通过对陕西和山西地区的气煤进行试验研究,分析和掌握了其各项指标性能。结合包钢现有煤种使用情况,优化配煤结构,合理使用煤种,替代部分炼焦煤,一定程度上改善了焦炭质量,降低了配煤成本,扩展了包钢炼焦用煤范围,缓减了炼焦用煤紧张趋势,节约了优质炼焦煤的用量。     

白煤在配煤炼焦中的应用

 在2 kg试验焦炉开展配白煤炼焦试验,研究了煤粉改性剂（zzz）对配合煤、焦炭质量的影响。确定出白煤的最佳配加粒度、最佳配加量以及zzz的最佳配加量。通过试验确定出最佳配煤方案：白煤配加量达到8%（粒度小于3 mm）,zzz量配加0.10%。由最佳试验方案炼得焦炭的冷态强度M40、M10和热态性质CRI、CSR都可以达到南钢生产焦炭质量的水平。试验方案在南钢40 kg试验焦炉中进行也取得了很好的效果。     

在配煤中添加煤粉改性剂对焦炭质量的影响

在南钢40kg实验焦炉开展配加非炼焦煤炼焦实验,研究了在配煤中添加煤粉改性剂(zzz)对配合煤、焦炭质量的影响。采取不同配量的改性剂添加方案进行配煤炼焦实验,通过实验确定出最佳配煤方案:非炼焦煤配加量达到15%(粒度小于3mm),煤粉改性剂添加量为0.10%。最佳配煤方案中添加改性剂与未添加改性剂炼出的焦炭质量相比,灰分、硫分基本保持不变,抗碎强度M40增加14.35%,耐磨强度M10下降6.00%,反应性降低5.5%,反应后强度提高5.93%,实验结果表明:焦炭冷态强度与热态性能指标均接近于南钢生产配煤焦炭质量。     

煤气发生炉中块煤配烧型煤的生产实践

本文介绍了某公司型煤入炉和中块煤配烧的运行情况,总结了生产实践中出现的问题以及解决措施。