纳米结构SnO2的制备及其气敏性研究进展

本文总结了纳米结构SnO2的制备及其作为气敏材料的研究现状.通过改进合成方法与控制合成条件均可以获得颗粒尺寸小,比表面积大,特殊形貌包括纳米球,纳米棒,纳米薄膜,多孔结构等SnO2,从而提高SnO2气敏元件灵敏度和选择性.并分析了微波加热法、水热法和溶剂热法制备纳米SnO2的特点.     

SnO_2纳米线节点的自催化分枝生长研究

采用热蒸发SnO粉末制备了多分支SnO2纳米线节点。采用透射电镜和场发射扫描电镜研究了其纳米结构。结果表明:Sn纳米粒子来自于SnO粉末分解,并作为自催化剂控制SnO2纳米线节点的生长;斜方晶相是替代金红石相而成为SnO2在生长过程中的主要晶相,通过电子衍射和高分辨电镜观察,SnO2纳米线的枝叶和枝干是外延生长方式,生长取向沿着斜方[110]和[110-]。提出了SnO2纳米线节点的自催化气-液-固生长机制。     

陶瓷纳米纤维的研究动态

本文从碳化物、氮化物、氧化物的角度综述了陶瓷纳米纤维材料的研究进展,报道了一种制备SnO2纳米纤维的新方法-热爆形变合成法,讨论了用该方法制备SnO2纳米纤维的基本条件.采用热爆形变合成法制备出了SnO2纳米纤维,并进行了XRD,SEM和TEM分析.结果表明,SnO2纤维的直径约20～100nm,其X-射线衍射谱与标准的SnO2衍射谱完全吻合.与其它方法相比,热爆形变合成法具有设备简单、操作方便、生产率高、产物无团聚等优点,稍加研磨就可获得长度不同的短纤维.     

纳米SnO_2的微波辅助固相合成和电化学性能

以SnC l4.5H2O和NaOH为起始原料,用微波辅助固相法合成了纳米SnO2。研究了微波输出功率、微波作用时间对合成产物结构和粒度的影响。采用X射线衍射分析、透射电镜以及电化学测试等手段对合成产物进行了表征。结果表明,微波输出功率、微波作用时间对合成产物结构和粒度有重要影响。当微波输出功率为350W,微波辐射时间为20 m in时,可以得到粒度大小为20 nm左右,而且分布均匀的纳米SnO2。通过该方法制备的纳米SnO2,可逆容量达到760 mA.h.g-1,0.1 C和0.5 C进行充放电时,60次循环后的容量保持率分别为92%和83%,说明该法制备的纳米SnO2是一种很有前途的锂离子电池负极材料。     

电沉积法制备纳米SnO_2薄膜

采用一种电沉积法室温下制备纳米SnO2薄膜。经研究得到了电沉积SnO2薄膜的最佳工艺条件:电流密度、电沉积时间、主盐浓度、游离酸浓度分别为i=8 mA.cm-2,t=120 m in,c(SnC l2)=0.02 mol/L,c(HNO3)=0.03 mol/L。用X射线衍射、红外光谱和扫描电镜、透射电镜等对薄膜的物相和微观结构、表面形貌等进行了研究。结果表明,室温下干燥得到的薄膜由SnO2.xH2O组成,但经过400℃热处理后,逐渐转变成结晶较为完整的四方结构SnO2薄膜,薄膜的表面较为平整、呈多孔状,薄膜粒径大小为8~20 nm。     

Al2O3纳米线薄膜的制备及其生成机理研究

研究了一种简单新颖的制备Al2O3纳米线薄膜的电化学方法。以阳极氧化法在高纯铝片表面制备多孔阳极氧化铝的工艺为基础,在草酸电解液中通过一次阳极氧化过程,将阳极氧化铝孔壁溶解形成Al2O3纳米线,均匀覆盖在阳极氧化铝有序孔道的上方,得到一种特殊结构的纳米线薄膜。使用扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜和X-射线能谱仪对纳米线的形貌、结构及成分进行了表征分析。并结合扫描电镜对不同反应时间长度的产物形貌来观察纳米线的生成过程。探讨了Al2O3纳米线薄膜的生成机理。     

氟化钙对高温自蔓延合成法制备纳米二氧化锡的影响

为研究CaF2对高温自蔓延合成(SHS)法制备纳米二氧化锡的影响,本文进行了6组关于CaF2添加量与SnO2纳米线产量的平行实验以及1组验证实验,并利用X射线衍射分析及扫描电子显微镜对产物进行表征.实验结果表明:(1) CaF2的添加量与产物的产量之间存在指数关系,且在CaF2添加量为1.5％时,产量实现最大化;(2) CaF2的添加能够提高产物的纯度,并且不改变产物原有的一维纳米形貌.     

无机盐为原料化学沉淀法制备纳米SnO2材料的研究进展

对近年来有关以无机盐为原料用化学沉淀法制备纳米SnO2材料的研究作综述,分析讨论了在制备纳米SnO2过程中,各主要因素对纳米SnO2材料制备的影响,简要地介绍了纳米SnO2材料的一些性能、用途。讨论了化学沉淀法制备纳米SnO2过程中存在的主要问题、发展前景及今后的研究方向。     

银纳米线/聚乙烯醇复合纳米薄膜的制备与性能研究

本文采用旋涂法一步制备了银纳米线/聚乙烯醇(PVA)导电复合纳米薄膜,并通过控制液滴在基底表面的静置时间来控制银纳米线在薄膜中的含量,发现不同浓度分散液制备的纳米薄膜的层电阻和透过率会随着静置时间的增加而下降,且主要依赖于银纳米线的密度。本研究说明,通过控制合理的静置时间可以一步制得具有较高导电和透过性能的纳米薄膜。     

纳米SnO_2:Sb导电薄膜制备及导电网络形成机理

在三乙醇胺作用下利用SnCl4和SbCl3共沉淀合成了SnO2:Sb纳米粒子,通过球磨分散得到了纳米SnO2:Sb网络结构的悬浮体系,该悬浮体系形成的玻璃质导电薄膜表面电阻达到107Ω。三乙醇胺提高了SnO2:Sb前驱体胶粒间静电斥力,增大了胶粒分散程度,促进了SnO2:Sb立体网络结构的形成。采用TEM、Zeta电位和XPS分析方法,研究了三乙醇胺与SnO2:Sb前驱体颗粒的相互作用,解释了SnO2:Sb导电网络的形成过程。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。