丙氧基—18—冠—6硅胶键合固定相的合成及色谱性能的研究

以多孔硅胶为基质,固相合成并制备了一种新型丙氧基-18-冠-6键合固定相(P18-C-6 SB),详细研究了其合成反应条件。P18-C-6 SB 是一种热稳定性好、耐溶剂,表面键合浓度高的色谱固定相。已应用于芳香族异构体及同系物的分离。     

1,3-双(对羧基苯氧基)丙烷合成新工艺研究

采用18-冠-6为相转移催化剂,以对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、1,3-二溴丙烷为原料,研究了合成高纯度1,3-双(对羧基苯氧基)丙烷(CPP)的新工艺,考察了反应条件(溶剂、催化剂用量、反应时间等)对CPP产率的影响。结果表明:以环己酮为溶剂,反应时间为6h,催化剂用量为3%时,CPP收率最高可达84%,两倍于目前工业合成法,纯度可达99%以上。产物的化学结构由FT IR和~1H NMR进行结构表征,产物纯度由液相色谱法测定,可达到99%以上。     

6-(4-苯磺酰基-3-甲基-2-丁烯)-基-2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基氢醌双苄醚的合成

以异戊二烯为原料,经与苯磺酰氯加成、水解乙酰化、皂化3步反应,制得末端羟基取代的异戊二烯短侧链——(E)-1-苯磺酰基-2-甲基-4-羟基-2-丁烯(简称产物A),并用乙酸乙酯-乙醚混合溶剂对产物A进行提纯精制。以还原型辅酶Q0(氢醌)为母环,杂多酸为催化剂,与产物A进行偶联反应,然后采用溴化苄对母环羟基进行保护,用乙醚-异丙醚的混合溶剂进行提纯精制,选择性结晶得到了侧链延长法合成辅酶Q10的关键中间体辅酶Q1前体,即6-(4-苯磺酰基-3-甲基-2-丁烯)-基-2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基氢醌双苄醚(简称产物B)。探讨了各主要影响因素对合成反应过程及结果的影响,目标产物B收率达75%(以产物A为基准)。产物A与目标产物B经测熔点、1H NMR分析和FTIR分析鉴定,确证其为(E)-异构体。     

1,7-庚二酸的合成研究

以1,5-戊二醇,三溴化磷,氰化钾为原料,18-冠-6为催化剂合成1,7-庚二酸。通过正交实验给出优惠合成条件:反应时间4h,反应温度85℃,w(催化剂)=6%(相对于1,5-戊二醇),1,7-庚二酸的收率90%。     

超声波合成法制备二苯并-18-冠-6

采用超声波合成法,以邻苯二酚和二甘醇二(对甲基苯磺酸)酯为原料,二甲基亚砜为溶剂,氢氧化钾为催化剂兼模板,合成二苯并-18-冠-6,通过IR和HNMR鉴定,收率达到41.67%。较之传统方法具有操作简单、反应时间短、反应条件温和等优势。     

超声波法合成二苯并-18-冠-6

采用超声波反应器，以邻苯二酚、二甘醇和对甲基苯磺酰氯等为原料，二甲亚砜为溶剂，氢氧化钾为催化剂兼模板剂，合成二苯并-18-冠-6（DB18C6）。产物经IR和^1HNMR表征。合成收率达到42％。较之传统方法具有操作简单、反应时间短、反应条件温和等优势。     

N,N＇-双（3-甲基苯基）-N，N’-二苯基联苯胺的合成

以二苯胺为起始原料，经两步反应合成了有机电致发光材料N,N‘-双（3-甲基苯基）-N，N’-二苯基联苯胺(TPD)。通过优化实验得到最佳的合成工艺为：二苯胺在20℃下，，以V(冰醋酸)：V(水)=l：4为溶剂，加入重铬酸钾进行反应得N，N’-二苯基联苯胺，分离提纯后，再加入18-冠-6相转移催化剂，以邻二氯苯为溶剂在氮气保护下与间碘甲苯进行乌尔曼反应，在200℃下反应20h，产物经柱层析和重结晶提纯。TPD收率为85％，较文献提高5％，w(TPD)=99．92％。并用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振对产物的结构进行了表征。     

9-(4-溴苯基)咔唑的合成和晶体结构

在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,以CuI和18-冠-6为催化剂,碳酸钾为拔氢试剂,将咔唑与对溴碘苯反应合成标题化合物。并经过IR、1HNMR和X-单晶衍射对化合物进行表征。     

四(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)-1,2-亚乙基二磷酸酯的合成及应用

研究了以三氯氧磷、乙二醇、环氧氯丙烷为原料、TiC l4为催化剂、通过两步反应合成四(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)-1,2-亚乙基二磷酸酯阻燃剂的方法,对反应条件进行了优化。结果表明,当原料摩尔配比n乙二醇∶n三氯氧磷∶n环氧氯丙烷为1∶2.3∶4.2,反应温度分别为15~18℃、50~60℃,反应时间分别为3.5 h、4 h,催化剂用量为0.6%(与原料总量之比),制得的目标产物最好,以乙二醇计产率达92.3%。通过红外光谱和磷含量分析对产物进行了表征。用其制阻燃聚氨酯软泡,具有较好的阻燃效果。     

杂环光化学Ⅴ.烯类与1,3-二甲基-6-氮杂胸腺嘧啶的光环合加成反应

1974年Sweeton等人首先报道了这一反应。1981年樊美公等报道了1,3-二甲基-6-氮杂胸腺嘧啶(A)与庚烯-1的反应,1986年又相继报道了含有极性基团的烯类与A的反应。本文通过这类反应合成了新化合物:1,2,4-三氮杂-2,4,6,7-四甲基-3,5-二氧-8-正丁基双环[4,2,0]辛烷(Ⅰ)和1,2,4-三氮杂-2,4,6-三甲基-3,5-二氧叁环[6,4,0,0~(7,12)]十二烷甲基衍生物(Ⅱ)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。