水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料耐火性能研究

以水性乳液为基体,聚磷酸铵(APP)、三聚氰胺(MEL)、季戊四醇(PER)为膨胀阻燃体系,通过添加可膨胀石墨(EG)和绢云母制备了水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料;研究了基体拼合、膨胀阻燃体系配比、EG与绢云母配比对钢结构防火涂料性能的影响。结果表明,氯偏乳液与纯丙AC261P乳液质量比为22∶3,APP/MEL/PER的质量比为4∶3∶3,可膨胀石墨和绢云母的质量比为5∶3时,制备的防火涂料受热后形成的炭质层与钢板粘附性好、强度高,膨胀倍率大,持续耐火性能最好,受热4500s后钢板背面温度维持在223℃。     

可膨胀石墨改性APP/PER/EN防火涂料热降解行为

采用可膨胀石墨 (EG) 对APP/PER/EN防火体系进行改性,制备成一种新型EG改性APP/PER/EN防火涂料。运用示差热分析 (DTA) 、热重分析 (TG) 、扫描电镜分析 (SEM) 、能谱分析 (EDS) 和隔热性能试验分析研究APP/PER/EN防火涂料和EG改性防火涂料的热降解行为、残余炭体元素含量、成炭率和隔热性能。EG改性防火涂料的APP-PER-EN之间的化学反应膨胀过程与可膨胀石墨物理膨胀过程作用温度范围接近,能产生很好的协同配合作用。膨胀石墨提高了APP/PER/EN防火涂料炭质层的成炭率、抗氧化性和热稳定性。EG添加量过高 (≥15%) 会造成燃烧后期炭质层脱离基材。10% EG (质量分数) 添加量能有效提高APP/PER/EN防火涂料的隔热防火性能。      

高倍率膨胀石墨的制备及性能表征

以鳞片石墨(0.300mm)为原料,高锰酸钾为氧化剂,采用化学氧化和分步插层的制备工艺,乙酸辅助插层,高温膨胀制备具有低硫高倍率膨胀石墨(EG),探讨其最佳工艺条件并对其性能进行了表征。结果表明:石墨(g)∶硫酸(ml)∶高锰酸钾(g)=1.0∶6.0∶0.2,反应温度40℃,反应时间为90min;乙酸辅助插层时间为120min,抽滤洗涤至pH值为5~7,60℃干燥烘干可膨胀石墨,900℃下高温膨胀30s,即可得高倍率膨胀石墨;膨胀石墨的性能表征对研究其吸附行为和机理有重要意义。     

可膨胀石墨的制备及谱学特性研究

采用化学氧化法,以石墨粉(≤30μm)为原料,硫酸与高锰酸钾为氧化剂,以及磷酸为辅助插层剂制备出具有高膨胀体积的可膨胀石墨(EG)。通过XRD、Raman、SEM、EDS、FT-IR以及TG-DTA等测试手段对材料的微观结构、形貌、谱学特性及热稳定性进行表征分析。实验结果表明,当硫酸与磷酸体积比为2∶1时,EG氧化-插层效果最好,在400℃时膨胀体积达102ml/g。同时EG片层中含有P、S、Mn等元素,表明可能插入了磷酸、硫酸以及Mn的磷酸二氢盐、硫酸盐等物质。TG-DTA显示,EG的起始膨胀温度在160℃左右,且石墨在氧化-插层后,有序结构没有被完全破坏,部分石墨仍具有很好的耐热氧性。另外,探讨了EG可能的形成及膨胀机理。     

癸酸-棕榈酸-硬脂酸/膨胀石墨蓄能复合相变材料的制备与热性能研究

癸酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸形成的三元低共熔物与膨胀石墨通过真空浸渍法制备出新型癸酸-棕榈酸-硬脂酸/膨胀石墨储能复合相变材料,适宜的质量比为m(癸酸)∶m(棕榈酸)∶m(硬脂酸)=77.0∶11.5∶11.5,m(癸酸-棕榈酸-硬脂酸)∶m(膨胀石墨)=13∶1。采用DSC、FT-IR、TG、SEM、冷热循环实验和蓄/放热实验研究了材料的结构和热性能。SEM和FT-IR分析结果表明低共熔物与膨胀石墨是通过物理吸附方式结合。DSC结果表明复合材料融化和凝固时的相变温度为28.93℃和16.32℃,相变潜热为137.38J/g和141.51J/g。TG结果表明复合相变材料在100℃以下具有良好的热稳定性。500次热循环和蓄/放热实验表明循环前后复合相变材料的热可靠性好,且使用寿命长。膨胀石墨的添加改善了复合材料的热性能和热导率。研究表明制备的新型复合相变材料具有合适的相变温度、较高的相变潜热和热导率,热性能稳定可靠,可用于低温蓄能领域。     

不饱和聚酯/可膨胀石墨体系的结构与阻燃性能

研究了可膨胀石墨(EG)对不饱和聚酯(UPR)的结构和阻燃性能的影响。采用氧指数、锥形量热分析、热重分析等方法进行测试和表征,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了膨胀炭层的形貌。结果表明,使用合适粒径的EG可使UPR/EG体系的氧指数得到大幅度提高,热释放速率和质量损失速率大大降低,UPR/EG体系具有良好的阻燃性能;SEM的观察结果表明,EG形成的蠕虫状膨胀炭层紧密堆砌在材料表面,起到隔热隔氧的作用。     

HClO_4-CrO_3-石墨层间化合物的制备及其性能

以天然鳞片石墨、CrO3、HClO4为原料,采用化学氧化法制备石墨层间化合物(GIC);研究了反应物用量、反应时间、反应温度对石墨层间化合物膨胀容积的影响。结果表明:按石墨∶三氧化铬∶高氯酸(质量比)=1∶0.3∶5,反应温度30℃,反应时间60min的条件,可制得膨胀容积为555mL.g-1的石墨层间化合物。采用FTIR、XRD、TG等技术对石墨层间化合物的组成、结构进行表征和分析得知:石墨层间的插入物为ClO4-、Cr2O72-。GIC性能特点测试结果说明:所制GIC具有低能耗性能、良好的真空安定性、较好的8毫米波动态衰减效果。     

含中间相炭微球的水性钢结构防火涂料的制备及其性能

以绢云母和中间相炭微球(MCMB)作为混合阻燃剂,制备了水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料,研究了MCMB对防火涂料耐火性能的影响。结果表明,MCMB在防火涂料中有较好的分散性,在m(绢云母)∶m(MCMB)=3∶1时制备的防火涂料受热后的炭质层为结构致密且分布均匀的密闭孔洞,炭质层与钢板的粘结性好且强度高,能够有效地阻止热量传递,从而降低钢板升温速率,提高防火性能,受热4 200s后的钢板背面温度维持在205℃。     

石墨的固相剪切石墨烯化及其与聚氯乙烯的纳米复合

采用微波辐照市售可膨胀石墨制备膨胀石墨(EG),通过EG-聚氯乙烯(PVC)、EG-PVC-氯化聚乙烯(CPE)和EG-PVC-聚氨酯热塑性弹性体(TPU)等的固相剪切共碾磨(S³M)制备了EG/PVC,EG/PVC-CPE和EG-PVC-TPU复合粉体,进一步模压成型得到EG/PVC,类石墨烯/PVC/CPE和石墨烯-PVC-TPU复合材料。用粒度分析、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射和原子力显微镜等手段表征了复合粉体及其复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明,S³M实现了体系的粉碎、分散和EG与PVC的纳米复合;CPE和TPU的加入实现了EG的进一步剥层,使石墨片层的厚度达到1～5层,达到了少层石墨烯水平,实现了EG石墨烯化的目标。当EG质量分数在3%时,类石墨烯/PVC-CPE复合材料电导率呈指数上升,提高了8个数量级;当EG质量分数超过4%时,电导率再次激增,出现第2次逾渗现象;在5%时,电导率达0.22 s/m,表现出良好的导热、抗静电和电磁屏蔽功能。石墨烯/PVC-TPU纳米复合材料的电导率变化与类石墨烯/PVC-CPE复合材料类似,而且导...     

近期期刊文摘

钢结构防腐与防火涂装施工及其品质控制;饰面型防火涂料对不同木质基材的防火性能比较;钢结构防火、防腐双功能涂料的研究;钼酸铵与可膨胀石墨改性超薄型钢结构防火涂料的研究;膨胀型钢结构防火涂料膨胀炭质层的研究;     

大空间内着火位置对火灾增长的影响

以大空间展厅为例,利用火源辐射模型和烟气辐射模型并结合CFAST6．0区域模拟软件的计算结果,对比分析了大空间内不同着火位置下火灾增长的情况。研究结果表明仅考虑火源热辐射的情况下,展厅内着火位置越处于左右中间对称处,其火灾增长越快,热释放速率峰值也越大,达到热释放速率峰值的时间和火灾的持续时间越短,处于展厅中心位置时所有值达峰值。对火源热辐射和烟气辐射综合考虑时,到达热释放速率峰值时间与火灾持续时间的规律同仅考虑火源辐射模型时一致,但热释放速率峰值均有不同程度的提高。     

Risk-based spacecraft fire safety experiments

This paper utilizes the scenario approach of risk assessment to identify modeling needs and, in turn, experiments that would aid in the development of models that would meet these needs. Due to the closed environment of a spacecraft and the lack of egress, fire on-board may pose a severe problem. There are many differences between a fire on-board the spacecraft and one in a terrestrial facility and they must be accounted for in the assessment of risk. Both the risk assessment methodology and the phenomena-based models must be modified. This paper discusses some of the methodology modifications, as well as special experimental results. Multiple experiments have been conducted in terrestrial and microgravity environments in order to construct and validate models required for the assessment and management of risk on-board spacecraft. A logic diagram analyzing the ways in which the crew may be injured and/or the spacecraft may be damaged, as well as operating experience, have identified wire overheating events as being potentially significant accident initiators. As a result, the experiments have concentrated on quantifying the pyrolysis event of a wire being overheated with excessive current. A preliminary set of experiments at the 2·2-second NASA Lewis Drop Tower has led to several observations. The event is violent due to the high heating rates. At these high heating rates, a jet of hot gases and smoke was observed. Frequently the conductor would melt down, sometimes ejecting molten pieces of the copper conductor. The event poses a threat to targets in the near vicinity and further away. Also, the smoke particle size distribution is shifted towards larger sizes in a microgravity environment. This may prove very important in designing a smoke detector. While significant results were obtained from these tests, longer durations of microgravity are required for further quantification to be possible.     

The analysis of fire safety

This paper summarizes some of the more important methods that have been proposed in the literature for assessing the safely of a structure on a quantitative basis and for determining what consititutes an acceptable risk. These methods have hitherto been applied in branches of engineering such as design of aircraft and dams and design of buildings against wind loads, live loads, earthquakes etc.: the object of the paper is to discuss the relevance of these methods in the design of fire protection.     

Metallurgical investigation into an automotive fire

Failure analysis requires many forms of investigations; some are straightforward and others are conducted to eliminate alternate possibilities. This failure investigation occurred during a litigation assignment several years ago and concerned a recreational vehicle (RV) that caught on fire, killing one of the owners. It was important to identify the origin of the fire, and this paper describes how metallurgical analysis helped in determining that origin.     

膨胀型硅丙乳液防火涂料

本文介绍了以硅丙乳液为成膜物 ,添加成炭剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂制成的膨胀型防火涂料的组成、生产方法、性能及特点