Design for openings in cold-formed steel channel stub columns

This paper is concerned with the ultimate load capacity of perforated cold-formed steel channel stub columns. A design equation has been developed to determine the ultimate load capacity of perforated channel short columns containing either single or multiple openings of square, circular and manufacturer's opening shape. The equation is based on extensive parametric studies carried out using finite element modelling on plain and lipped channel sections containing openings. A wide range of parameters such as plate slenderness, opening shapes and sizes have been considered in the study. Web plate slenderness and opening area ratio are the two main variables used to derive the design equations. The accuracy of the proposed design equation is established by comparison with a number of experimental and finite element results reported by other researchers.     

Experimental studies on stiffened plates under in-plane load and lateral pressure

An experimental study on stiffened plates subjected to combined action of in-plane load and lateral pressure is described in the paper. Details of the experiments and finite element analyses of the specimens tested are presented along with the results. Measurements of initial imperfection in the specimens have been made and included in the analyses. Results show that lateral load carrying capacity of stiffened plate drops with increase in axial load and vice-versa. It is found that plate slenderness ratio has significant influence on the ultimate load capacity of stiffened plates subjected to both in-plane load and lateral pressure. Increase of plate slenderness ratio results in a decrease of ultimate load capacity of stiffened plate. The accuracy of the finite element modelling is established by comparing the results with the corresponding experimental values.     

Design for openings in equal-angle cold-formed steel stub columns

This paper is concerned with the ultimate load capacity of non-perforated and perforated equal-angle cold-formed steel stub columns. An experimental study has been undertaken to investigate the behavior of such members and several column specimens were tested to failure under axial or eccentric loading. The experimental results were used to establish the accuracy of a finite element model proposed in this study and the modeling was used to carry out a parametric study. The study covers parameters such as plate slenderness ratio of the cross-section, perforation shape, size and number. A simplified design formula is proposed to determine the ultimate load-carrying capacity using the data obtained from the parametric study. The accuracy of the proposed formula is established by comparison with the experimental and finite element values.     

圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱轴压性能

为研究圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱的轴压性能,考虑了构件千分之一杆长的初弯曲,使用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱精细化有限元分析模型,利用已有试验数据验证有限元模型的合理性与精确性,在此基础上分析了试件的变形模式和承载能力状态,比较短柱、中长柱与长柱性能的不同,得出了圆端形钢管混凝土界限长细比。综合分析了长细比、钢管厚度、混凝土强度、钢材强度、高宽比等参数,提出了圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱极限承载力简化计算公式,并对简化计算公式的准确性进行了验证。结果表明:短柱为强度破坏,中长柱发生弹塑性失稳破坏,长柱发生弹性失稳破坏; 在其他条件相同的情况下,圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱的极限承载力、延性与长细比呈负相关,与钢材强度、钢管厚度呈正相关,混凝土强度的变化对承载力和延性的影响不大; 短柱与中长柱界限长细比λ₀=10～11,中长柱与长柱界限长细比λ_p=86.4～96.0; 与试验数据及有限元计算结果相比,承载力公式具有足够精度,可为圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱研究与工程应用提供理论依据。     

Web openings in horizontally curved composite plate girders

The paper is concerned with the effects of circular or square web openings on the ultimate strength of horizontally curved composite plate girders. Finite element analysis using the computer package LUSAS has been employed to investigate the behavior and ultimate strength capacity of the girders with web openings of different proportions. The opening sizes and their locations within the web panels have been studied in detail, and the results are presented in the form of load–deflection and load–opening size plots. An approximate method to determine the ultimate strength capacity of horizontally curved composite plate girders accounting for the presence of web openings and composite action between the steel girder and concrete slab is presented. The accuracy of the method is established by comparing the predicted strength with the corresponding values predicted by the finite element method.     

Openings in horizontally curved plate girder webs

Ultimate strength tests on plate girders curved in plan containing centrally placed circular web openings are reported. Girders, built up of Grade 43A rolled steel plates, were tested to failure and parameters studied include opening size and degree of curvature. Test results show that the ultimate load capacity of the girders dropped linearly with the increasing opening size. Decrease in ultimate load carrying capacity with increasing degree of curvature is also observed for curved girders having smaller web openings. The failure mechanism observed in the tests was similar to that observed in plate girders without web openings, the only difference being the position of plastic hinges on the flange plates. The girders were analysed using the elasto-plastic finite element package, ABAQUS. Comparison of analytical predictions with the experimental results for deflected profiles, ultimate load values and load-deflection relationships show good agreement.     

Analysis on shear capacity and energy dissipation of corrugated steel plate shear wall with openings

为明确波形钢板剪力墙不发生屈曲的界限条件并分析开洞对其承载力及耗能能力的影响，基于波形钢板剪切屈曲理论推导其屈曲应力计算式，并采用数值分析及变形等级划分方法得到约束刚度比取值范围，由此提出波形钢板剪力墙不发生屈曲的界限条件为屈曲应力大于剪切屈服应力且约束刚度比大于3。通过对比开洞模型的变形等级计算参数，验证界限条件对开洞波形钢板墙的适用性，建立有限元模型研究钢板墙高宽比、钢板厚度、开洞率、洞口高宽比及洞口位置对波形钢板墙承载力及耗能能力的影响。结果表明：钢板高宽比越小、板厚越大，开洞对其承载力及耗能能力的削弱程度越大，洞口高宽比在0.33~0.5之间时开洞波形钢板墙的承载力及耗能最大，中心开洞时的最小。基于波形钢板剪力墙全截面剪切屈服的受力机理对其受剪承载力和塑性耗能计算式进行推导，并通过拟合得到考虑洞口参数影响的开洞波形钢板剪力墙受剪承载力及耗能折减系数计算式；通过9组不开洞模型和30组不同洞口尺寸及位置的开洞模型对计算式的有效性进行验证。结果表明计算值与模拟值的误差均在15%以内，适用于满足无屈曲界限条件的开洞波形钢板剪力墙。     

开洞波形钢板剪力墙受剪承载力及耗能能力分析

为明确波形钢板剪力墙不发生屈曲的界限条件并分析开洞对其承载力及耗能能力的影响,基于波形钢板剪切屈曲理论推导其屈曲应力计算式,并采用数值分析及变形等级划分方法得到约束刚度比取值范围,由此提出波形钢板剪力墙不发生屈曲的界限条件为屈曲应力大于剪切屈服应力且约束刚度比大于3。通过对比开洞模型的变形等级计算参数,验证界限条件对开洞波形钢板墙的适用性,建立有限元模型研究钢板墙高宽比、钢板厚度、开洞率、洞口高宽比及洞口位置对波形钢板墙承载力及耗能能力的影响。结果表明：钢板高宽比越小、板厚越大,开洞对其承载力及耗能能力的削弱程度越大,洞口高宽比在0.33～0.5之间时开洞波形钢板墙的承载力及耗能最大,中心开洞时的最小。基于波形钢板剪力墙全截面剪切屈服的受力机理对其受剪承载力和塑性耗能计算式进行推导,并通过拟合得到考虑洞口参数影响的开洞波形钢板剪力墙受剪承载力及耗能折减系数计算式;通过9组不开洞模型和30组不同洞口尺寸及位置的开洞模型对计算式的有效性进行验证。结果表明计算值与模拟值的误差均在15%以内,适用于满足无屈曲界限条件的开洞波形钢板剪力墙。     

Finite element modelling of plate girders with web openings

This paper is concerned with a finite element model to predict the behaviour and ultimate load of plate girders with web openings. The finite element package is used to model the plate girders with web openings. Accuracy of the model is assessed by applying it to plate girders tested earlier by other researchers. Comparison of analytical results with the available experimental results for yielding patterns, ultimate load values and load–deflection relationships show good agreement between the finite element and experimental results thus validating the accuracy of the proposed model. The proposed finite element method was extended to carry out a parametric study. The study covered parameters such as web slenderness and flange stiffness.     

Design of horizontally curved plate girder webs containing circular openings

A simple design method to predict the ultimate shear capacity of horizontally curved plate girder webs containing centrally placed circular openings, and subjected to shear is presented in this paper. The solution is obtained by incorporating the effects of curvature and opening size to an equilibrium equation for straight girders containing web openings. It is observed from a parametric study that ultimate load carrying capacity drops linearly with increasing degree of curvature for curved girders having smaller web openings. No significant drop in ultimate capacity is, however, observed when the web opening size exceeds half of the web depth. Accuracy of the proposed equation is assessed by comparing the results with the corresponding finite element values as well as with available experimental results. A satisfactorily correlation has been observed.     

焊接箱形截面稳定承载力的直接强度设计法

现行GB 50017—2003《钢结构设计规范》对焊接箱形截面构件在考虑壁板局部失稳后的稳定极限承载力的设计规定还相当粗糙,按腹板高度边缘范围内两侧宽度各为20tw计算有效面积,未能与构件整体稳定性建立有效的联系。采用板壳单元,精确地模拟了箱形截面构件的壁板局部失稳及其相互作用,在大挠度、弹塑性范围内对箱形截面的稳定极限承载性能进行了研究。在大量数值分析的基础上,分别归纳总结了箱形截面构件在承受轴向压力、纯弯曲以及弯矩与轴力共同作用下的稳定极限承载力简化计算公式,对箱形截面构件稳定承载力计算及设计有参考价值。这种把构件稳定承载力设计与构件几何尺寸建立直接关系的直接强度设计法,会改进采用有效宽度法产生的误差,可以为薄壁结构相关技术规程修订时参考。     

焊接箱形截面短柱稳定承载力及设计方法

现行GB 50017-2003《钢结构设计规范》对焊接箱形截面构件在考虑壁板局部失稳后的稳定极限承载力计算未建立成熟的设计理论.采用板壳单元,精确地模拟了箱形截面短柱的壁板局部失稳及其相互作用,在大挠度、弹塑性范围内对箱形截面的稳定极限承载性能进行研究.在大量数值分析的基础上,分别归纳总结箱形截面短柱在承受轴向压力、纯...     

实腹圆弧钢拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计理论及方法

拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计一直没有成熟的规范指导。本文用有限壳单元模型先分析了工形截面两铰圆弧钢拱的平面内弹性屈曲性能,与拱的经典屈曲理论作了对比,指出了必须同时考虑长细比和矢跨比对屈曲荷载的影响。然后分析了两铰圆弧钢拱受静水压力和其它荷载作用下的弹塑性屈曲性能,指出了典型破坏机理为拱两侧1/4跨附近形成塑性铰导致结构失效。利用拱的弹性屈曲荷载定义了拱的正则化长细比,用Perry-Robertson公式的形式,建立了拱的稳定系数与正则化长细比的关系,提出了受静水压力的两铰圆弧钢拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计方法,并用轴力和弯矩的两项相关公式提出了受其它荷载作用下的平面内稳定极限承载力设计方法。     

工字形压杆整体与局部相关屈曲分析

利用通用有限元软件ANSYS,对工字形压杆在考虑局部与整体相关屈曲情况下的极限承载力进行了研究,分析了压杆的长细比和板件宽厚比对极限承载力的影响.     

输电塔主材扭转约束对交叉斜材面外承载力的影响

为了研究输电塔主材扭转约束对斜材面外稳定承载力的影响,采用真型塔试验对输电塔主材进行了扭转刚度的测量,利用ANSYS分析了主材尺寸对刚度的影响.并对两端偏心受压等边角钢建立有限元模型,考察了长细比、端部扭转刚度对角钢稳定承载力的影响,并与我国规范进行了比较.研究结果表明:随着主材截面尺寸增加,斜材受到主材的扭转刚度约束...     

钢管压弯构件稳定分析

采用非线性有限单元法,利用ANSYS程序分析钢管压弯构件的极限承载力。在此基础上,分析初始缺陷、长细比及两端作用不等弯矩等因素对该类构件稳定承载力的影响。     

往复荷载作用下开洞砖塔子结构受力性能研究

结构开洞对砖石古塔的抗震能力影响显著,为研究不同开洞形式砌体古塔的抗震性能,以玄奘塔中部楼层为原型结构,设计制作了3种洞口开设方式的子结构模型,对其进行低周反复加载试验。观察了模型结构的破坏现象,得到了模型顶点水平荷载-位移滞回曲线与骨架曲线,对比分析了采用不同开洞方式时,模型结构的滞回特性、刚度退化以及耗能能力等。建立子结构有限元模型进行分析,将分析结果与试验结果进行对比。结果表明,在塔体结构平面尺寸相同的条件下,开洞口方式对结构的刚度、承载力及延性的影响显著;单面开洞、双面开洞及四面开洞时结构的破坏模式不同,但均为洞口顶部首先开裂,并与其他墙体内所产生的剪切裂缝将塔体分割为不同形状的破坏单元,改变了荷载原有的传递方式,从而影响结构的破坏模式;有限元分析与试验所得极限水平荷载相差均在15%以内,有限元模型能够较为准确地模拟开洞古塔子结构的受力性能。研究结果可为砖石古塔的抗震性能评估提供依据。     

Numerical investigation on ultimate shear strength of steel plate shear walls

Ultimate shear strength of steel plate shear walls, SPSW, was conventionally computed as the sum of base shear supported by in-fill plate and boundary frame elements. The base shear supported by the in-fill plate was computed assuming that it was fully yielded after buckling whereas the base shear supported by the boundary frame elements was computed by plastic analysis assuming uniform yielding mechanism. In this paper the ultimate shear strength of SPSW was investigated by the finite element method. A detailed three-dimensional finite element model was established using ANSYS software at which the in-fill plate and the boundary frame elements were modeled using finite strain iso-parametric shell elements. The analysis included material and geometric non-linearities. Numerical results obtained from cyclic and pushover loading of SPSWs were verified by comparison to test results published in the literature. A comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted to assess the effect of geometric and material parameters of the wall on its ultimate shear strength. Discrepancies between numerical results and conventional theory were attributed to interaction of in-fill plate and boundary frame elements at ultimate load. When the flexural rigidity of boundary frame elements decreased, the in-fill plate did not achieve full yield strength. On the other hand, the base shear supported by boundary frame elements increased when thicker in-fill plates were utilized. Numerical results were used to update the theoretical expression of ultimate shear strength of SPSWs. The proposed expression was assessed by comparison to test results published in the literature.     

Horizontally curved composite plate girders with trapezoidally corrugated webs

This paper is concerned with horizontally curved composite plate girders with trapezoidally corrugated webs. Finite element analysis using the computer package LUSAS is employed to investigate the behaviour and ultimate strength capacity of the girders. The presence of web openings of different proportions and their effects on the behaviour and ultimate strength of the girders are also investigated. Parameters that affect the behaviour of these girders are slenderness of the web d/t, web panel aspect ratio b/d, width to the depth of corrugation ratio b_h/h and size of openings. Influence of these parameters on the collapse behaviour is examined. Results are obtained in terms of ultimate strength, failure mechanism and load-deflection curves from the finite element analyses and, some typical results are presented herein. An approximate method to compute the shear capacity of these girders is presented. Comparison of the results with those predicted using the finite element method established the accuracy of the proposed method.     

Torsional buckling of outstands in longitudinally stiffened panels

A non-linear finite element (FE) package has been used to investigate the torsional behaviour of flat-bar stiffeners in longitudinally stiffened panels subject to axial loading. The effects of plate slenderness, stiffener slenderness and boundary conditions have been studied including the modelling of the outstand both as part of a stiffened panel and in isolation. A simple analytical approach is proposed by using a theoretical mechanism model developed by Murray I combined with a simple elastic loading line to give an upper bound to the tripping failure load. The results are compared with existing design guidance.