O_3/H_2O_2深度氧化处理石化废水的研究

分别采用"单独O3氧化"技术和"O3/H2O2联合氧化"技术对石化废水进行了深度处理,对连续O3曝气条件下各影响因子对石化废水处理效果进行了考察。结果表明:当反应时间为40 min,pH值为4.99,O3投加量为153 mg/L,H2O2采用分3次均匀投加的方式,投加量为27.72 mg/L时,CODCr的质量浓度从111.8 mg/L降为7.02mg/L,去除率达到93.7%;色度由500倍降到1.5倍,去除率达到99.7%;浊度由2.23 NTU降到0.28 NTU,去除率达到87.4%;m(BOD)/m(CODCr)值由0.06提高到0.31。H2O2投加方式对氧化效果有一定的影响,保持H2O2总投加量相同,多次投加的去除效果明显优于一次性投加,且平均投加方式下的CODCr去除率最高。O3/H2O2氧化技术对石化废水的处理效果优于单独O3氧化处理技术,可以对石化废水进行高效深度处理,出水水质完全可以达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准的要求。     

O_3/H_2O_2法处理印染废水二级出水的试验研究

H2O2协同臭氧氧化实验中,对于初始pH值为6.8的500 mL废水,在臭氧投加量为48 mg,0.1 mL H2O2在反应前加注到反应器的条件下,O3/H2O2工艺的COD cr去除率比臭氧单独氧化提高了7.9%。对于O3/H2O2工艺,其最佳H2O2投加量随废水pH值的增加而减少;一次投加H2O2方式的COD cr去除率在大部分时间内都好于间歇投加H2O2方式。     

CuO-Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3催化氧化深度处理制药二级生化出水

采用浸渍法将Cu O、Fe_2O_3负载在γ-Al_2O_3表面,制备高活性臭氧催化氧化催化剂,通过N_2吸附脱附曲线,X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线荧光光谱等方法对催化剂性能进行表征。与Cu O-Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/O_3、H_2O_2/O_3、γ-Al_2O_3/O_3等工艺相比,采用Cu O-Fe_2O_(3/)γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3工艺降解制药二级生化出水效果最为明显,较高的催化氧化效率主要归功于H_2O_2的诱导作用和催化剂的催化作用的双重作用加速臭氧生成更多·OH。考察废水中COD去除率及影响降解的因素,包括催化剂投加量、p H、双氧水投加量、臭氧流量等,实验结果显示在催化剂投加量2g/L、废水p H为9、双氧水投加量3.6mg/L、臭氧流量1.0L/min条件下,COD去除率达到62.96%。催化剂循环使用10次后,COD去除率仍然可达到58%以上,并且金属离子浸出较少,其结构稳定。通过自由基捕获剂测试,探讨该催化氧化过程遵循自由基反应机理。     

Ti/IrO_2-Ta_2O_5电解-Fenton耦合法深度降解含酚废水

针对Fenton法处理废水效果不佳、试剂用量较大、投资成本较高的问题,采用形稳电极Ti/Ir O2-Ta2O5电解与Fenton耦合法处理含酚废水。考察了处理时间、p H值、电压、H2O2和Fe SO4·7H2O投加量对废水降解效果的影响,确定了Ti/Ir O2-Ta2O5电解与Fenton耦合法最佳工艺条件,对比研究了电Fenton法与Fenton法降解含酚废水效果。结果表明:随着处理时间、H2O2和Fe SO4·7H2O投加量的增加,苯酚和COD去除率呈现先增加后趋于平缓的趋势;随着p H值的升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势;在较低电压条件下,可获得良好的处理效果。在最佳工艺条件为p H值3.5、槽电压5.0 V、Fe SO4·7H2O投加量0.15 g/L、H2O2投加量0.3 m L/L、反应时间2 min时,处理初始质量浓度为100 mg/L的含酚废水,COD去除率为40.7%,苯酚去除率为94.2%,高于Fenton法苯酚去除率16.2%。电解与Fenton耦合法在较低电压条件下处理含酚废水,处理效果优于Fenton法,具有良好的应用前景。     

O3/H2O2高级氧化技术对实验室有机废水处理研究

O_3/H_2O_2高级氧化技术具有氧化能力强和无选择性等优点,被广泛用于高浓度、难降解和有毒有害的有机废水处理。考察了O_3/H_2O_2高级氧化技术在不同的处理条件(臭氧投加量、H_2O_2投加量、p H值、反应时间)下对实验室高浓度有机废水中COD的去除率影响,并通过页岩气采出水验证,结果表明:当臭氧投加量为40 mg·L~(-1)、双氧水投加量为0. 7 mg·L~(-1)、p H值为5、反应时间为40 min时,其COD去除率达90. 41%,可排入城市管网;在相同条件下处理COD浓度为1426 mg·L~(-1)的页岩气采出水,COD去除率达88. 3%。     

Fenton氧化技术处理有机硅胶生产废水的研究

有机硅胶生产废水酸度大,有机物浓度高,利用常规的物理生物方法处理,很难做到达标排放。本实验采用Fenton氧化的技术处理废水,实验考察了H2O2投加量、H2O2与Fe2+的物质的量比、p H值、反应时间对Fenton氧化效果的影响。通过实验确定了最佳反应条件:p H为3.00,H2O2(质量分数为30%)投加量为160.0 m L/L,H2O2/Fe2+物质的量比为22.4∶1,反应时间2 h。该条件下COD由17466 mg/L降到3058 mg/L,去除率达82.5%,有机物去除率高,无二次污染,与传统化学方法相比有较大的优势。     

臭氧-过氧化氢氧化预处理H酸废水

采用工业生产中排放的H酸废水作为研究对象,探讨了臭氧-H2O2氧化的预处理方法对该废水的处理效果。结果表明：在单独臭氧氧化反应体系中,初始CODCr的质量浓度为1 200 mg/L,pH值为7,臭氧氧化时间在20 min（通量为1 L/min）时,CODCr和色度去除率分别为36.7%和95%。单独H2O2氧化反应体系中,H2O2投加量为8 mL/L时,CODCr去除率为7.7%,H2O2投加量达到60 mL/L时,CODCr去除率最高仅达到25.6%。臭氧-H2O2联用体系中,相同初始CODCr浓度、pH值、臭氧氧化时间及臭氧通量条件下,质量分数为3%的H2O2溶液投加量为8 mL/L时,CODCr和色度去除率分别可达48.8%和98%。因此,臭氧-H2O2氧化的预处理方法对H酸废水降解效果良好,且明显优于单独臭氧氧化以及单独H2O2氧化。     

O3/H2O2深度处理制药废水二级出水试验研究

采用O3/H2O2氧化工艺深度处理制药废水二级生化出水,探讨了废水初始pH、H2O2投加量、O3投加量等因素对O3/H2O2氧化工艺的影响,确定了O3/H2O2氧化技术处理制药废水的最佳操作条件。结果表明,制药废水二级出水COD在480 mg/L左右时,pH为9,进臭氧质量浓度为1 247 mg/(L.h),处理时间为4.5h,COD去除率可达83%,B/C(BOD5/COD)从初始的0.007提升到0.32,较原水增高了46倍,大大提高了制药废水的生化性能,便于后续的生物处理。     

Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3对制药二级生化出水的深度处理研究

采用浸渍法将Fe_2O_3负载在γ-Al_2O_3表面,制备高活性催化剂。采用Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3催化氧化深度处理制药二级生化出水,考察催化剂投加量、pH值、双氧水投加量、臭氧流量等对废水中COD去除率的影响。结果显示,在催化剂投加量3 g/L,废水pH为9,双氧水投加量1 mg/L,臭氧流量1.0 L/min条件下,COD去除率达到85.96%。催化剂循环使用10次后,COD去除率仍然可达到83%以上,证明催化剂稳定性良好。     

化学混凝-芬顿氧化联合处理某膏药工厂废水试验研究

本研究采用化学混凝-芬顿氧化联合法处理某膏药生产处理废水。混凝试验结果表明:当采用聚合硫酸铁,且投加量为1000 mg/L,混凝时间3 h,pH值8.0时,废水COD去除率为37.0%,水处理处理效果较好。芬顿氧化试验表明:H2O2和Fe2+投加量分别为80mg/L和60 mg/L,反应时间为80min,pH值为3.0时COD去除率达89.1%。化学混凝芬顿氧化联合试验表明:该废水的COD去除率可达90.1%,出水较为清澈。     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Fe2+/H2O2体系O2生成路径

掌握Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系O₂的生成路径,可为避免H₂O₂无效分解,开发经济高效的Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系利用技术指明方向。采用添加自由基捕获剂的方法,探究Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内各种自由基对O₂生成速率的影响,进而确定O₂的生成路径。结果表明:Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内不会产生大量O₂^-·,O₂^-·不是生成O₂的主要反应物质;O₂^-·被全部捕获后,体系中仍产生大量O₂^-·,但此时无O₂生成,证明生成O₂的反应由·OH和HO₂·两种自由基直接参与。分析认为反应·OH+HO₂·-H₂O+O₂是体系内O₂生成的主要路径。控制Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系定向生成·OH,抑制HO₂·的产生,是提高Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系中H₂O₂利用率的有效手段。     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

H2O2 / O3, H2O2 / UV And H2O2 / Fe2+ Processes For The Oxidation Of Hazardous Wastes

Activated hydrogen peroxide produces very reactive OH-radicals which destroy hazardous contaminants in water. The principles and different methods of activation are described. Results from laboratory studies show the numerous applications of this new technology. A successful scaleup of laboratory tests to an industrial level is discussed. Finally, a cost estimate for treating different types of water with hydrogen peroxide is presented.     

Propylene metathesis over Re2O7/Al2O3-B2O3 catalysts

A series of alumina aluminum borate (AAB) with various Al/B molar ratios were prepared by the coprecipitation method. The supported rhenium oxide catalysts with various contents of Re₂O₇ were also prepared by the impregnation method with perrhenic acid. The catalytic activity and stability of Re₂O₇/AAB catalysts for the reaction of propylene metathesis were tested in a fixed-bed microreactor. It was found that Re₂O₇/AAB is more active, stable and regenerable than Re₂O₇/Al₂O₃ for propylene metathesis. The optimum Al/B molar ratio was found to be in the range of 4–10.