污泥活性炭的制备及其在环境治理方面的应用

主要介绍了污泥活性炭的制备及在污染治理中的应用。着重讨论了油泥、市政污泥等不同污泥来源、微波热解、水热炭化等不同热解工艺、活化剂种类与添加剂对污泥活性炭性能的影响。简述了污泥活性炭在污染治理中的应用,分析了其在不同废水、废气的处理及土壤改良中的应用。同时,对污泥活性炭的制备及应用作出展望,即应解决化学活化带来的高成本和二次污染问题;在应用方面,应多开展不同污染物同时吸附的研究。     

Preparation and adsorptive properties of cellulose-based activated carbon tows from cellulose filaments

A series of cellulose-based activated carbon tows were prepared in a vertical tube furnace in the presence of reactive mixed gases after pretreatment with complex inorganic flame-retarding reagents under different burn temperatures and delivery speeds. The cross and vertical sectional surface states of activated carbon tows were observed with a SEM instrument. The surface characteristic, BET surface area, pore volume and pore radius of activated carbon tows were measured with N₂ at 77 K with a Quantachrome Autosorb-6 Sorption System. The adsorptive properties of gases and organic solvents on activated carbon tows (ACT) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were also determined.     

活性炭在水处理中的应用方法研究与进展

对活性炭(AC)的基本结构与性质及其在水处理中的用途进行了简要介绍,重点综述了水处理中活性炭的几种最新应用方法(包括活性炭改性以及活性炭与膜、微生物、氧化剂、微波、电、TiO2等材料或技术联用),并列出了各种方法处理的结果,表明活性炭经过一定的物化处理或与不同的材料联合应用,可以大大提高活性炭的处理效率。而且,联合应用一般比各种材料单独使用处理效果好。同时还阐述了活性炭在水处理中的研究方向,对活性炭的后续研究有参考价值。     

活性炭纤维的结构调控及其在水处理中的应用

介绍了活性炭纤维的孔结构、表面化学性质及吸附性能,在此基础上阐述了化学气相炭沉积、电极氧化、溶液浸渍、等离子体改性等8种活性炭纤维的结构调控方法,并展望了活性炭纤维在水体净化、有机废水处理和含重金属废水处理中的应用前景.     

活性炭去除水体中微囊藻毒素的研究进展

对国内外活性炭去除水体中微囊藻毒素的研究进展进行了综述。详细阐述了活性炭对微囊藻毒素的吸附去除机理及水体中天然有机物、pH、氯等外界因素对活性炭吸附性能的影响,认为物理扩散、静电引力和降解作用是活性炭吸附去除藻毒素的主要机理。通过改性和生物再生能够有效提高活性炭对微囊藻毒素的去除率并延长其运行周期。     

活性碳纤维的新进展及在水处理中的应用

本文综述了活性碳纤维(ACF)在结构特征、吸附性能和生产原理方面与传统的活性炭存在的本质差别,介绍了ACF的再生方法和目前国内的工业化生产状况,着重阐述了ACF在有机废水、重金属废水、炼油废水和饮用水的深度处理中的应用．     

生物活性炭技术在水处理中的应用与发展

总结了国内外用生物活性炭(BAC)系统处理微污染水源水、生活污水、工业废水的工艺路线、技术参数以及取得的研究成果,并归纳出与其他废水处理系统相比,BAC系统所具有的优越性,即对水质变化的抵抗力、可处理低浓度有机废水、活性炭使用寿命的延长以及可作为细胞固定化的手段.最后简要介绍了现阶段对BAC系统研究中存在的不足、争议及今后的研究方向.     

改性杏壳活性炭的制备及其在柴油脱硫中的应用

以杏壳活性炭为原料,分别经过10%和37%的硝酸以及盐酸改性后得到10%HNO_(3)-GAC、37%HNO_(3)-GAC、10%HCl-GAC、37%HCl-GAC;通过负载钴离子得到Co/GAC。采用SEM和FT-IR对改性活性炭的成分和结构进行分析表征,并以苯并噻吩为溶质、正己烷为溶剂配制硫质量分数为0.1%的模型油。将多种活性炭在相同的条件下对模型油进行脱硫并选取最佳脱除剂,结果表明,Co/GAC的脱硫效果最好。通过单因素分析得Co/GAC单变量情况下的最佳条件,选择Co/GAC作为脱除剂采用响应面法优化脱除柴油中的硫化物,在脱除时间、剂油比、pH值的单因素基础上,以响应面实验模型验证的方法,确定工艺优化参数。其最优条件是:脱除时间3.4 h,剂油比0.08,pH=3.5。在此条件下,脱硫率为55.4%。选取Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型两种吸附等温线对298 K条件下Co/GAC吸附模型油中硫过程中的数据进行拟合,拟合结果表明,Langmuir模型可以更好的描述Co/GAC吸附模型油脱硫过程。     

负载铁离子活性炭除砷的研究进展

砷污染是一个严重的世界问题,在其诸多的去除方法中,负载铁离子活性炭兼顾了活性炭和混凝沉淀的优势,可高效去除砷离子.作者对负载铁离子活性炭的制备方法、影响砷去除率的主要因素和吸附模型的研究现状进行了详细评述,其中负载铁离子活性炭的孔径结构、表面性质,负载铁离子的形貌、分布、种类和质量等决定着其吸附容量;通过调节搅拌时间、...     

Immobilized titanium dioxide/powdered activated carbon system for the photocatalytic adsorptive removal of phenol

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were fabricated via a layer by layer arrangement on a glass plate using a dip-coating technique for the photocatalytic-adsorptive removal of phenol. Thinner TiO₂ layer coated on PAC sub-layer has larger surface area and better phenol removal than the thicker TiO₂ layer. The system obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model, which exhibited a homogeneous and monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 27.8 mg g^-1. The intra-particle diffusion was the rate-limiting step as the linear plot crossed the origin, while the adsorption was unfavorable at elevated temperature. Under light irradiation, the TiO₂/PAC system removed phenol two-times more effectively than the TiO₂ monolayer due to the synergistic effect of photocatalysis by TiO₂ top layer and adsorption by PAC sub-layer. The COD removal of phenol was rapid for 10mg L^-1 of concentration and under solar light irradiation. It was shown that the PAC sub-layer plays a significant role in the total removal of phenol by providing the adsorption sites and slowing down the recombination rate of charge carriers to improve the TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation performance.     

Application of TiO2-mounted activated carbon to the removal of phenol from water

TiO₂-mounted activated carbon was prepared through hydrolytic precipitation of TiO₂ from teraisopropyl orthotitanate and following heat treatment at 650–900 °C for 1 h under a flow of nitrogen. The removal of phenol from its aqueous solution under UV irradiation was measured on TiO₂-mounted activated carbons thus prepared. Although BET surface area of TiO₂-mounted activated carbons decreased drastically in comparison with the original activated carbon, the efficiency of phenol removal under UV irradiation was high. The sample heated at 900 °C, which consisted mainly of rutile phase, showed the highest total removal of phenol. Efficiency of phenol degradation is reduced because of phenol adsorption on the catalyst.     

制备高吸附性无烟煤活性炭的试验研究

采用正交试验研究晋城无烟煤制备高吸附性活性炭的试验条件,得出最优的水平组合为炭化温度600℃,炭化时间1.5 h,活化时间4 h,添加剂采用质量分数为8%的硝酸钠,在此最佳水平组合下,通过酸洗脱灰,可制得吸附性较高的活性炭产品。     

生物活性炭技术在水处理中的研究应用进展

生物活性炭技术是一种有效的水处理方法.作者介绍了生物活性炭技术在饮用水、生活污水及工业印染废水、含油废水、制药废水、微污染水、含酚废水、垃圾渗滤液等领域的研究和应用情况,分析了生物活性炭技术在水处理中的应用前景和发展方向.     

Preparation of activated carbon dots from sugarcane bagasse for naphthalene removal from aqueous solutions

ABSTRACT

The synthesis of cheap and environmental friendly adsorbent from residual sugarcane bagasse was done for the removal of naphthalene from aqueous solution. The activated carbon dot was obtained by KOH chemical activation of carbon dots. The characteristics of carbon dots and activated carbon dots were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch system to assess the effect of the system variables, i.e., initial pH, initial naphthalene concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The kinetic data showed better fit to the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data were better fitted to Freundlich and Temkin isotherms.     

Preparation of activated carbon microspheres from phenolic-resin by supercritical water activation

Supercritical water (SCW) has been employed as an efficient activating agent for the preparation of activated carbon microspheres (P-ACS) with developed mesopores from phenolic-resin. Several processing factors that influenced the activation reaction, including activation temperature, activation duration, supercritical pressure and water flow rate were investigated. Increasing activation temperature and duration lead to larger porosity and higher specific surface area as demonstrated in the samples. Supercritical pressure change has little effect on the activation; however, there are indications that a slight increase in mesoporosity can be obtained when the pressure was raised to 36 MPa or higher. Higher water flow rate slightly enhanced the development of microporosity but had little effect on the mesoporosity. Compared with the traditional steam activation, SCW activation can produce P-ACS with more mesoporosity and higher mechanical strength.     

Preparation,modification and industrial application of activated carbon from almond shell

Almond shell was used to prepare activated carbon using physical activation method, consisted of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gasification. The effects of the preparation variables which were activation temperature, activation time and carbon dioxide flow rate on the adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue solution were investigated. The optimal activated carbon was obtained by these conditions as follows: 800 °C activation temperature, 100 cm³/min carbon dioxide flow rate and 120 min activation time. The characterization of carbon materials is performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ¹³C (CP/MAS and MAS) solid-state NMR, nitrogen adsorption (BET) and Boehm's titration method. For an industrial application, the optimal activated carbon was ammoxidated to improve its adsorption capacity toward total organic carbon from Tunisian industrial phosphoric acid. The influence of experimental parameters such as specific consumption, initial concentration, contact time, agitation speed and temperature on TOC removal was studied.     

活性炭吸附法脱硫实验研究和工业性应用

研究了周期性水洗涤脱附对活性炭脱硫性能的影响。经过 4次吸附、脱附循环后 ,活性炭的动态吸附性能和脱附性能达到平衡。活性炭颗粒越小 ,床层穿透时间越长 ,脱硫效率越高。当进口SO2 质量分数为 3× 1 0 - 3时 ,活性炭脱硫效率达到96 %以上。工业性实验表明 ,采用水洗涤脱附 ,活性炭脱硫效率稳定。燃煤烟气工业性实验排放烟气SO2 质量分数小于 9×1 0 - 5,脱硫效率达到 93 %。     

Enhanced removal of humic acid from water by micelle-montmorillonite composites: Comparison to granulated activated carbon

Removal of humic acid (HA) from water by octadecyltrimethyl-ammonium (ODTMA) micelle–montmorillonite (MMT) composites and by granulated activated carbon (GAC) was studied in dispersion and by filtration. FTIR measurements emphasized that the ODTMA micelle–clay-mineral composite differs from the ODTMA monomer-clay-mineral one. HA adsorption by GAC in dispersion was moderately reduced from 100% initially to 75% with an increase in HA concentrations. In contrast, the fractions adsorbed by the composite increased monotonically with HA concentrations from very low adsorption up to 80%. This effect was explained by the presence of a small concentration of ODTMA monomers in dispersion, which adsorbed on the negatively charged HA and partially neutralized it, or caused charge reversal, which in turn inhibited HA adsorption by the positively charged composite. This effect was verified by mobility measurements and was found to be more pronounced at low HA concentrations. This trend of increase in HA removal with an increase in HA concentration (3 and 10 ppm) was also observed in filtration (50% and 85% removal, respectively), when employing columns of the composite mixed with sand (to improve flow). Throughout the experiment the removal of high HA concentration (10 ppm) by the composite filter remained ~ 80% whereas, the removal by the GAC filter decreased from an initial 80% removal to a complete recovery of the HA (no removal) after the passage of 20 L (200 pore volumes). Upon applying sand of higher quality in the columns the removal of low HA concentrations was nearly complete by the composite column while the GAC only slightly contributed to its removal (for a passage of 100 L (1000 pore volumes)).     

木棉基活性炭纤维的结构与吸附性能

采用浸渍磷酸氢二铵及化学活化法制备了3种木棉基活性炭纤维,其中AK-1没有经过预氧化处理,AK-2先浸渍再经预氧化处理,AK-3先经预氧化处理再浸渍;表征了3种活性炭纤维的表面物理化学结构及吸附性能。结果表明:3种活性炭纤维的平均孔径均约为2nm;预氧化处理提高了纤维的比表面积和纤维表面的含氧基团含量。AK-1具有最大的苯酚吸附量为65.8mg/g;AK-3具有最大的亚甲基蓝吸附量为156.7mg/g;AK-2具有最大的比表面积为1518m2/g和最多的表面含氧基团,对苯酚和亚甲基蓝的吸附量均不高,说明表面含氧基团降低了纤维对苯酚和亚甲基蓝的吸附量。吸附动力学研究表明,木棉基活性炭纤维吸附苯酚和亚甲基蓝符合拟二级动力学方程。     

臭氧-生物活性炭技术在水处理中的应用与研究

臭氧-生物活性炭(O<,3>-BAC)技术是一种新型高效的微污染水处理工艺.介绍了O<,3>-BAC技术在饮用水(地表水、地下水、生活污水、市政供水等制饮用水)及工业废水(膜处理排水、油田废水、炼油废水、石化废水、制药废水、焦化废水、印染废水、食品加工废水、水产养殖废水)等领域的应用和研究情况,指出了未来O<,3>-B...