发动机缸盖系统振动特性研究

本文用试验的方法,从缸盖系统所受的激励和它的响应两个方面进行分析,较详细地阐明了发动机缸盖系统的振动特性及其各种影响因素之间的关系。指出缸盖系统最主要的激励力是气门落座冲击和气体压力。它们各自的频率特性是不同的。气门落座冲击是一个高频激励;气体压力是一个低频激励。最后,利用缸盖表面的振动信号检测排气门漏气故障,得到了较为满意的结果。     

基于缸盖振动速度识别柴油机燃烧始点的研究

建立了195柴油机机体、缸盖有限元模型,利用该模型分析了缸盖表面振动速度信号与缸内压力升高率之间的关系,认为缸内峰值压力出现之前,缸盖振动速度信号和压力升高率有相似的变化规律,可以利用缸盖振动速度信号估计柴油机的燃烧始点.利用195柴油机进行了台架试验,测量了不同工况下的缸内压力信号和缸盖振动速度信号,利用这两种信号分别对燃烧始点进行了分析,结果表明:基于缸盖振动速度信号识别燃烧始点是可行的,误差在±1°CA之间.     

柴油机缸盖振动加速度与缸内燃烧状况相关性分析

测得了195单缸柴油机不同工况时的缸内压力及缸盖振动加速度信号,对压力升高加速度信号的频谱分析结果表明,对该机型而言,缸盖振动加速度信号在2 kHz以下频段的成分与缸内燃烧过程密切相关.建立了195单缸柴油机的有限元分析模型,利用模型计算了柴油机缸盖表面振动位移及加速度信号,并分别与实测缸内燃烧压力及压力升高加速度信号进行对比分析.结果表明:根据与缸内燃烧过程的相关程度,可将柴油机缸盖振动信号划分为3个阶段,其中,峰值压力出现时刻前的信号与缸内燃烧过程密切相关;峰值压力出现时刻后,缸盖、机体系统相继进入受迫振动和自由振动阶段,受系统振动特性的影响,这两个阶段包含的与燃烧相关的信息减弱.     

基于小波分析和时序分析的柴油机气缸压力识别

运用小波分析方法分析研究了柴油机缸盖振动信号的时频特性,较为详细地讨论了柴油机缸盖系统的激励源及其振动响应。用小波包分析方法对振动信号及气缸压力信号进行了有效的信噪分离,并依此利用时间序列分析方法对缸盖振动信号和气缸压力信号分别建立时序模型,求取缸盖振动系统的传递函数,再利用Ｐｏｗｅｌ算法对传递函数的参数进行优化处理,然后利用缸盖表面的振动信号识别气缸压力。     

冲击响应信号反演柴油机气缸压力的研究

以4120SG型柴油机为研究对象,分析了缸盖系统的激励源和响应特性,根据柴油机的发火顺序和相位关系,确定了缸盖表面振动的响应信号;采用倒频谱法进行了气缸内压力的反演研究,试验结果表明:对缸盖表面信号进行适当的预处理后,可以较好地反演出柴油机缸内压力信号,使得利用表面振动信号监测柴油机运行状态成为可能。     

基于小波技术的柴油机振动信号特征参数的研究

在1110柴油机上模拟了气门漏气、气门间隙异常、供油时刻异常及喷油压力异常4种常见故障,并测得了几种故障下缸盖振动信号和缸内压力信号.对振动信号常用的几种分析方法进行对比研究,并选定小波分析法对振动信号进行时频分析,提取振动信号的特征参数.试验发现:气门漏气时整个缸盖振动信号高频带能量增加、低频带能量降低;气门间隙增大时,高频振动响应信号能量增强;供油提前角增大时,缸内燃烧始点提前,缸盖振动信号低频带信号能量增加;喷油压力增大时,缸盖振动信号中低频带信号所占能量增加.     

缸盖振动加速度信号与燃烧过程时域相关性分析

对缸盖位移与缸内压力信号,缸盖振动加速度与缸内压力升高加速度信号进行了对比分析,结果表明:燃烧峰值压力出现时刻前,缸盖位移及缸内压力信号变化趋势相近,缸盖振动加速度与压力升高加速度的特征点出现时刻接近.对比缸内压力信号及其压升率、压力升高加速度曲线可知:压力升高加速度曲线上存在特征点,分别与燃烧起始时刻、最大压升率出现时刻及峰值压力出现时刻等燃烧特征点接近.据此,提出了利用振动加速度信号的特征点对燃烧特征点进行估计的方法,并在ZH195单缸柴油机和495T柴油机上进行试验,试验结果表明了所提出的方法的可行性.     

内燃机气缸压力振动识别研究

本文应用数字信号处理技术研究了内燃机气缸压力对缸盖表面的激励作用，提出了借助于缸盖系统传递函数分离表面振动信号。识别气缸压力成份并复现示功图的方法。     

局域波边界谱在缸盖振动信号分析中应用研究

提出了一种新的谱分析方法－局域波边界谱，分析研究了柴油机缸盖表面振动信号的特性，较为详细地讨论了激励源及其响应，指出了基于傅立叶变换之上频谱分析的不足，同时对试验数据进行了有效的分析和比较，结果表明，在柴油机状态监测和故障诊断中，利用局域波边界谱对缸盖表面振动信号进行分析是有效的和可行的。     

高速柴油机气阀组件振动监测诊断技术试验研究

介绍了利用气缸盖表面振动信号对高速柴油机气阀组件等故障进行的振动监测诊断试验研究。分析了引起缸盖振动的激励源特征;对单缸熄火和气阀组件等故障进行了模拟试验;对不同故障状态的气缸盖表面振动信号进行了测量分析,提取用于故障诊断的特征参数,建立了不同类型及不同程度故障与特征参数间的相互关系。     

An investigation on wind turbine resonant vibrations

Wind turbine resonant vibrations are investigated based on aeroelastic simulations both in frequency and time domain. The investigation focuses on three different aspects: the need of a precise modeling when a wind turbine is operating close to resonant conditions; the importance of estimating wind turbine loads also at low turbulence intensity wind conditions to identify the presence of resonances; and the wind turbine response because of external excitations. In the first analysis, three different wind turbine models are analysed with respect to the frequency and damping of the aeroelastic modes. Fatigue loads on the same models are then investigated with two different turbulence intensities to analyse the wind turbine response. In the second analysis, a wind turbine model is excited with an external force. This analysis helps in identifying the modes that might be excited, and therefore, the frequencies at which minimal excitation should be present during operations. The study shows that significant edgewise blade vibrations can occur on modern wind turbines even if the aeroelastic damping of the edgewise modes is positive. When operating close to resonant conditions, small differences in the modeling can have a large influence on the vibration level. The edgewise vibrations are less visible in high turbulent conditions. Using simulations with low‐level turbulence intensity will ease this identification and could avoid a redesign. Furthermore, depending on the external excitation, different aeroelastic modes can be excited. The investigation is performed using aeroelastic models corresponding to a 1.5 MW class wind turbine with slight variations in blade properties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of variable-frequency currents superimposed on DC currentsin asynchronous HVDC links in stressing turbine-generator-exciter shafts

The paper makes an indepth analysis of the excitation of shaft torsional vibrations in steam turbine-generator-exciter shafts by variable-frequency ripple currents superimposed on DC currents in asynchronous links using the finite element and reduced models of the machine shafts. Frequencies at which sympathetic shaft torsional vibrations would be excited by modulation product harmonics in 50 Hz/50 Hz and 50 Hz/60 Hz asynchronous links as a function of deviation in system frequency are illustrated. It is shown that amplitude of shaft torque due to steady resonant torque excitation is a function of initial rate of increase of vibrations at adjacent cells, the time constant for decay of the vibration, and stiffness between adjacent shaft cells     

计及齿轮全柔性的风电机组传动链有限元建模及扭振特性分析

大功率风电机组传动链关键部件柔性直接影响机组扭振特性及疲劳寿命,提出考虑齿轮柔性与啮合柔性的传动链有限元建模及扭振特性分析。首先,基于实际双馈风电机组传动链结构、材料属性与几何参数,考虑齿轮箱内齿轮柔性与齿轮啮合柔性,结合叶片、轮毂、主轴和发电机转子,建立风电机组传动链多柔体有限元模型。其次,基于有限元模态分析理论,提出一种基于矢量位移云图筛选扭振频率的分析方法,获取计及齿轮全柔性影响的风电机组中、低频范围的扭振模态,并与不同传动链模型结果进行比较,验证该文所建模型的有效性。最后,分别分析不同齿轮柔性和齿轮啮合柔性对传动链扭振频率和模态的影响。结果表明,该文所建模型不仅能反映传动链扭振固有的低频频率,而且能反映弯扭耦合产生的中频扭振频率,且相比齿轮啮合柔性,齿轮柔性系数影响传动链高频扭振特性明显。     

基于经验模态分解方法的柴油机振动信号去噪声处理

针对柴油机振动信号的瞬时非线性特点,提出采用柴油机振动信号的本征模函数(IMF)分量进行特征频带识别的新方法。将柴油机振动信号经经验模态分解,并去掉主要干扰因素所对应的IMF分量,再将剩余IMF分量进行重构得到柴油机振动信号。实际测试结果表明,重构后的信号能反映柴油机机身振动的真实趋势。     

Enhancement of Boiling Heat Transfer Using Surface Vibration

An experimental investigation of the effect of mechanical vibrations of a copper flat circular surface on the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient of water at atmospheric pressure are presented in this paper. A vibration exciter was used to vibrate this copper test surface vertically. Effect of frequency and amplitude of vibration on the boiling heat transfer coefficient was studied. An increase in the heat transfer coefficient was observed at low frequency and amplitudes, at higher amplitude and frequency heat transfer deteriorates. Heat transfer coefficient increases up to 26% with vibration intensity, represented by vibrational Reynolds number.     

A study of power quality loss in PV modules caused by wind induced vibration located in Vienna

Mechanical vibrations of a solar module mounting rack cause oscillations in the orientation of the module towards the sun. The resulting intensity oscillations of the incident light generate an a.c. current at the module’s terminals.We have investigated this effect in the laboratory by means of a vibration table and outdoors, where wind forces induce vibrations to the mounting rack. Although the collected results are specific and restricted to our experimental set up and the regional environmental situation we deduce that vibration induced current transients and oscillations of a solar module’s output most often will be the dominant origin of distortion in the low frequency regime.     

重型柴油机湿式缸套穴蚀损伤差异的数值模拟研究

本文针对某款重型柴油机在爆压提升前、后出现的穴蚀差异,提出了一种综合缸套振动变形与冷却液空化的耦合建模方法。首先基于活塞-缸套瞬态动力学模型,获取了缸套主副推力侧在活塞侧击作用下的动态响应,并通过台架试验进行了校验。然后,将仿真的振动信号以动网格形式输入流场,研究了缸套振动激励下两款柴油机不同水腔区域的空化波动特性,并结合实验与数值模拟解析了高爆压柴油机缸套穴蚀显著的主要原因。结果表明,缸套在活塞侧击作用下的振动响应与其约束模态有关,流场的空化强度与缸套振动幅值并非线性相关,而是与缸套的振动频率和模态振型存在耦合相关关系。这些研究成果为缸套穴蚀倾向的预测研究提供了新的思路与方法。     

Numerical studies on Vibro-creep of PEM fuel cell elements used in mobile applications

The wide use of fuel cells in mobile applications carries significant risks caused by accompanying vibrations, the origin of which can be found in the interaction of the ground or other vibration-generating components. The classical approach treated vibration and creep as two separate phenomena. One generated pulses, and the other caused durable deformations under the influence of temperature and static loads. This work combines both phenomena, describing the impact of vibrations on the material's structure and estimating the magnitude of durable deformations caused by the aggregation of alloy inclusions and dislocations in the material mesh. The Norton creep model and the failure model described by Kachanov were used for this. In addition, Stobyriev's reduced stresses were used to reflect the failure spectrum of the material: from brittle to ductile.     

Bearing monitoring in the wind turbine drivetrain: A comparative study of the FFT and wavelet transforms

Wind turbines are often plagued by premature component failures, with drivetrain bearings being particularly subjected to these failures. To identify failing components, vibration condition monitoring has emerged and grown substantially. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is the major signal processing method of vibrations. Recently, the wavelet transforms have been used more frequently in bearing vibration research, with one alternative being the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Here, the low‐frequency component of the signal is repeatedly decomposed into approximative and detailed coefficients using a predefined mother wavelet. An extension to this is the wavelet packet transform (WPT), which decomposes the entire frequency domain and stores the wavelet coefficients in packets. How wavelet transforms and FFT compare regarding fault detection in wind turbine drivetrain bearings has been largely overlooked in literature when applied on field data, with non‐ideal placement of sensors and uncertain parameters influencing the measurements. This study consists of a comprehensive comparison of the FFT, a three‐level DWT, and the WPT when applied on enveloped vibration measurements from two 2.5‐MW wind turbine gearbox bearing failures. The frequency content is compared by calculating a robust condition indicator by summation of the harmonics and shaft speed sidebands of the bearing fault frequencies. Results show a higher performance of the WPT when used as a field vibration measurement analysis tool compared with the FFT as it detects one bearing failure earlier and more clearly, leading to a more stable alarm setting and avoidable, costly false alarms.     

大型汽轮发电机组高压转子低频振动故障分析

通过对近年来我国大型汽轮发电机组高压转子发生的低频振动的总结,分析了造成低频振动故障的原因,高压转子的低频振动主要是由不平衡蒸汽力引起的蒸汽激振,并对蒸汽激振的故障机理进行了探讨,同时提出了低频振动的一些处理原则。