准确测定纺织品水萃取液pH值

随着人们的环保健康意识不断加强,纺织品酸碱性对人体的影响问题已愈来愈引起人们的重视.人体的皮肤表面呈弱酸性,如果与皮肤密切接触的纺织品酸和碱的含量过大,人体的弱酸性环境将会遭到破坏,从而引起皮肤瘙痒或过敏等.此外,过量酸或碱的纺织品同时也意味着过量化学物质的残留,将给人们的健康带来意想不到的危害.国外对纺织品pH值也有严格的限制.     

纺织品中荧光增白剂的限制要求分析

分析了纺织品中荧光增白剂的潜在危害,对比了不同国家和地区纺织品中荧光增白剂的限制要求,提出了增加对婴幼儿纺织品、与人体皮肤直接接触纺织品中可迁移性荧光物质的限制要求并给出检测方法的建议.     

生态纺织品主要检测项目介绍

一、pH值 人体皮肤表面呈微弱酸性,可防止病菌的入侵,用于人们穿着或使用的纺织品,其pH值应在低酸性和中性之间才有利于人体的保护.此外,纺织品若处于较强的酸性或碱性条件下不仅容易受损,而且会刺激皮肤,因此需要对纺织品的pH值进行控制.pH值的测定方法是在室温条件下通过玻璃电极测定试样水萃取液的pH值.目前我国国家标准中相应的方法标准是GB/T 7573-2002《纺织品水萃取液pH值的测定》.     

生态纺织品检测新标准GB 18401的优化——APLE与HPLC联用检测纺织品中甲醛

纺织品中含有甲醛普遍受到广大消费者的关注,甲醛的检测显得尤为重要。纺织新标准的出台,受到了广大消费者以及纺织行业的极大关注。本文主要介绍了纺织品经过防皱整理后可以释放甲醛,然后甲醛可以通过人体皮肤进入血液,对人体造成危害。当今的检测方法普遍不能检测出纺织品中甲醛的真实值,因此,本文根据甲醛的来源,利用APLE快速萃取仪与高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)联用对甲醛进行检测分析,试验证明这种方法最接近真实情况。     

具有皮肤屏障功能的MPC聚合物

Lipidure的第一个效能是使人的细胞和组织柔软。根据保护人体皮肤的效能介绍了MPC聚合物,该聚合物是Lipidure的主要成分。介绍了用Lipidure改性的纺织品。MPC聚合物不仅具有降低毒性作用和抗刺激效能,而且用Lipidure改性的纺织品提高了皮肤的屏障性能。     

纺织品阻燃剂的安全、生态评估及最新发展(一)

阐述了纺织品的燃烧机理和阻燃机理；对现用的纺织品阻燃剂进行了安全性和生态评估，包括急性毒性、致癌性、对皮肤刺激性、致变异性等；就无卤、低毒、抑烟的阻燃剂的开发现状作了详细介绍。     

生态纺织品标准体系研究

研究生态纺织品标准体系的结构及内容.从纺织品生产生态学、消费生态学和废弃生态学等生态的角度,将目前国内外的生态纺织品标准分为3层结构,建立了生态纺织品标准体系框架图,并对国内外生态纺织品检测标准进行了全面地收集与整理,明确提出了生态纺织品系统、全面的检测项目,以及今后需要建立的检测标准.     

负离子纺织品的检测方法及应用

主要介绍了目前国内外负离子纺织品的检测方法和研究进展,在总结课题组阶段性工作的基础上,针对目前纺织品负离子性能测试系统和检测方法提出进一步的研究设想.     

纺织品异味及除异味技术研究现状及进展北大核心CSCD

纺织品异味会刺激人的嗅觉器官,甚至危害人的生命健康。因此,如何检测和分析纺织品异味及去除异味则成为纺织品领域的重要研究课题之一。为了进一步深化研发纺织品异味检测及去除技术,本文对现阶段国内外纺织品异味检测及去除技术进行深入解读,并着重论述纺织品异味的来源,两种检测异味的主要方法,即感官分析和仪器检测,以及三种去除异味方法,即物理、化学、感官,为后续制定纺织品异味的检测及去除提供坚实的理论与关键技术支撑。     

我国生态纺织品标准体系的内容研究

根据我国生态纺织品标准体系要求,生态纺织品检测标准可分为:(1)综合性生态纺织品检测法规[GB/T18885-2009《生态纺织品技术要求》、SN/T1622-2005《进出口生态纺织品检测技术要求》、HJ/T307-2006《环境标志产品技术要求生态纺织品》、GB/T22282-2008《纺织纤维中有毒有害物质的限量》];(2)生态纺织品主要的检测项目(甲醛含量、pH值、可萃取重金属等).阐述了各检测项目对应的我国的生态纺织品检测标准.欧盟及其他各国关于有害物质的法令法规不断出台,部分新项目[全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)、富马酸二甲酯(DMF)、多环芳香烃(PAHs)]已引起各国高度关注.指出目前我国生态纺织品标准体系中,并未有相关的国家标准和行业标准,需要补充制定检测标准.     

Dynamic fabric modelling and simulation using deformable models

This paper proposes a modelling of the dynamic behaviour of textile fabrics based on a new formulation of deformable models. Deformable models such as those that were introduced by Terzopoulos in 1987 for modelling and simulation of deformable objects in computer graphics are reformulated to simulate textile woven fabrics. This investigation tends to produce simulations of textile fabrics showing the dynamic aspect of their behaviour while remaining faithful to the physical reality of material. The developed model takes into account several mechanical and physical parameters of textile fabrics. Numerical resolution of partial differential equations controlling the behaviour of textile fabrics is made by using the finite element method. Several simulations are carried out and compared with the experimental results. A drape‐meter test is simulated and the results are strongly correlated with those obtained in experiments.     

提花机电子花筒的设计与实现

为了节省提花布料制造成本,缩短织造新品种新花型的周期,提高生产率,提出利用电磁铁吸合的工作原理。由控制系统控制横针的进出。来替代机械花简和纹板。设计研究出电子花筒。同时对热量的起源。散热的最佳效果等方面进行分析。实施了减少热量提高散热效果等一系列措施,解决了电子花筒普遍存在的关键问题——散热问题。使产品的稳定性大大提高。图3参7     

基于VI的纺纱机罗拉振动检测诊断系统的开发

针对当前纺织生产中罗拉故障评判的局限性和滞后性,为了更好地减少机械波,改善纱线的条干均匀度,基于虚拟仪器的研发平台,利用PC-DAQmx系统和功能强大的图形化编辑语言Labview,搭建了用于罗拉振动检测的故障分析系统,并将该系统在旧式条干仪上进行实际振动测试,取得了较理想的结果.实验表明,通过对罗拉振动信号的时域和频域的联合分析,能够对罗拉故障及早做出诊断,为罗拉故障的诊断开辟了新的研究思路.     

Sports protective elastic knits: structure design and property evaluations

Abstract

Elastic knits are one textile that have a high extensibility, which helps to restrain the body and attain both effects in terms of health protection and body sculpture. These qualities make elastic knits a great candidate to be used in the sportswear textile industry. However, elastic knits have a compact structure, which causes discomfort, such as low thermophysiological comfort and low skin comfort, and some humid area also causes skin allergy. In this study, a crochet machine is used, while the knit patterns and rubber thread ratios are changed to improve the air permeability, thereby examining the optimal parameters of elastic knits that are suitable for the use as sports textiles. The test results show that changes in the knit patterns and rubber thread ratios have negative influence on the mechanical properties of elastic knits, including a 30–54% decrease in tensile stress, a 33–55% decrease in tear strength, a 1–2% decrease in elastic recovery rate, and a 10–24% decrease in bursting strength, but significantly improve the air permeability by 58–150%. The mechanical properties of elastic knits decrease as a result of decreasing rubber thread ratio, but still remain qualified standard required by the application fields.     

Physical interpretation of pulling-out curve based on a new apparatus

A new apparatus that measures multiple mechanical properties through a single test in principle has been developed and presented, which could be used for handle evaluation of textile materials. The characterization system of the handle properties of fabrics and yarns (CHS-FY) is also capable of measuring mechanical properties, including the weight, bending, friction, and tensile behaviour, through just one pulling-out measurement.

The measurement principle and structure of the CHS-FY system is described and the relations between mechanical properties and indexes of the pulling-out curve are investigated in the paper. The extraction force and distance curve was obtained and have been compared with the mechanical behaviour of fabrics as determined by Kawabata's Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-FB) system. The mechanical properties correlate well with the characteristic indexes of the pulling-out curve, and the pulling-out curve could be divided into several steps, which include weight, bending, friction, and tensile behaviour. The steps mentioned above were validated from deformation by constructing a three-point beam structure. The high accuracy and correlations between mechanical behaviour and the pulling-out curve indexes show that the CHS-FY system is effective in measuring and characterizing the mechanical properties of fabrics.     

纤维集合体的密度与隔声效果关系的研究

叙述了产业用纺织隔声材料的测试方法现状,构建了一套用于测量纺织隔声材料的测试系统。利用所构建的测试系统对棉纤维、涤纶、纽代尔和粘胶镀银纤维的纤维集合体材料进行了隔声效果试验研究,找出了材料的体积密度以及不同纤维材料与隔声效果之间的变化规律。     

Evaluation of dermal toxicity of antibacterial cotton textile coated by sol-gel technology

This paper reports about cotton textile modification by sol-gel technology with the purpose of obtaining antibacterial properties, evaluation of antibacterial properties and dermal toxicity tests of cotton textile with Zn and Si coating. Antibacterial properties evaluation against pathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli made using the Parallel streak method in accordance with ATCC147 standard. For more specific evaluation of the coated textile, in vitro cytotoxicity test with epidermal HaCat cells was done. It is concluded that the coatings containing Zn and Si obtained by the sol-gel technology can impart antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria to the textile by preventing the bacteria from growing; strong inhibition of growth was detected for all test microorganisms. Based on the dermal toxicity test results, it is not expected that the prolonged contact of the skin with coated textiles will have a negative impact on the skin tissue – epidermis.     

机械性刺激感受作用传入装置的感应及机械表征

为了提高织物手感的机械性能表征,把人看作是测量手感的机械传感器.由皮肤的机械性刺激感受器对织物刺激引起的触觉传入信息,可由应用显微神经检查法记录下来.实验结果突显出机械测量法的弱点.为了获得更多关于织物手感的专有信息,设备的传感器和信号处理已作了改进.     

一种用于调整棉纺设备上部件隔距的电动装置

介绍了一种用于调整棉纺设备隔距的电动执行装置 ,分析了该装置的运动机理、机械结构和自动控制系统 ,以开棉机为例说明该装置的应用     

耐光、汗复合色牢度测试方法的研究回顾

耐光、汗复合色牢度是纺织品的颜色对其在服用过程中所受人体汗液和日光共同作用影响的抵抗力。耐光、汗复合色牢度的检验要求逐年增多，因该指标不合格导致退货的案例时有发生。文章回顾了国内外针对复合色牢度试验所涉及的湿耐光试验、活性染料结构、人工汗液等方面的研究；基于国内外测试标准的发展，讨论了目前我国在该领域研究存在的问题，并提出新的研究方向。