油菜籽脱破与加工利用

论述了菜籽种皮的结构，组成以及菜籽脱皮技术，分析了菜籽脱皮加工利用的途径，以益于我国菜籽特别是优质菜籽的加工与综合利用。     

菜籽脱皮加工利用

本文论述了菜籽种皮的结构、组成以及菜籽脱皮技术,分析菜籽脱皮加工利用的途径,以益于我国菜籽特别是优质菜籽的加工与综合利用。     

双低菜籽脱皮膨化加工工艺的研究与实践

通过对预榨浸出工艺改造为脱皮膨化加工工艺,研究了脱皮膨化工艺的技术操作要点,分析了该工艺的经济可行性.实践证明,双低菜籽脱皮膨化加工工艺不仅可以提高产量,降低动力和蒸汽消耗,降低毛油精炼成本,而且可显著改善脱皮菜籽粕质量,提高双低菜籽加工的经济效益.     

双螺旋榨油机在脱皮菜籽加工中的应用

介绍了双螺旋榨油机的特点以及在脱皮菜籽加工中的应用情况.双螺旋榨油机适于脱皮菜籽的冷榨,机械性能稳定,出油率高,冷榨油质量好,显著改善了产品质量,并且降低了能耗,提高了菜籽加工的经济效益.     

侧限单面渗流冷榨下的菜籽应力应变关系反演

进行了单面渗流下菜籽及脱皮菜籽冷榨的应力、应变试验，研究了不同加载速率对应力、应变关系的影响，采用川北方程建立菜籽及脱皮菜籽的侧限单面排油压榨的应力、应变关系。运用改进模拟退火算法反求应力、应变关系参数。结果表明：在相同压榨应力时，单面渗流下的应变小于双面渗流下的应变；加载速率对其应力、应变关系的影响均较大，应变随加载速率的减小而增加；脱皮菜籽的应变大于未脱皮菜籽的应变；川北方程能较好地模拟菜籽及其脱皮菜籽的侧限单面排油压榨的应力、应变关系。     

菜籽脱皮冷榨的理论和实践

介绍了对菜籽脱皮和冷榨工艺的研究结果。结果显示,脱皮冷榨毛菜籽油的质量与脱胶油相同,类似于中和后的油,同时压榨饼在相同能量供给试验中,对家禽饲养较不脱皮菜籽饼表现出一更高的增重率。由于脱皮冷榨菜籽油不需精炼即可食用,因此,该工艺也许可叫做绿色油脂加工工艺,它不仅避免了对食用油的热和化学处理,同时提高了压榨饼对家禽的增重率。     

侧限单面渗流冷榨下的菜籽应力应变关系反演

进行了单面渗流下菜籽及脱皮菜籽冷榨的应力、应变试验 ,研究了不同加载速率对应力、应变关系的影响 ,采用川北方程建立菜籽及脱皮菜籽的侧限单面排油压榨的应力、应变关系 ,运用改进模拟退火算法反求应力、应变关系参数。结果表明 :在相同压榨应力时 ,单面渗流下的应变小于双面渗流下的应变 ;加载速率对其应力、应变关系的影响均较大 ,应变随加载速率的减小而增加 ;脱皮菜籽的应变大于未脱皮菜籽的应变 ;川北方程能较好地模拟菜籽及其脱皮菜籽的侧限单面排油压榨的应力、应变关系。     

油菜籽脱皮低温压榨工艺及在饲料中的应用

介绍了油菜籽脱皮低温压榨工艺及在饲料加工中的应用,并进行了经济效益分析.结果说明,油菜籽脱皮低温压榨在饲养业具有广阔的前景,亦为菜籽蛋白的开发利用提供了新的途径.     

菜籽脱皮膨化加工工艺设计实践

通过对传统预榨—浸出油厂进行“菜籽脱皮膨化加工工艺技术改造”项目中工艺设计的实践 ,提出了工艺路线及相关配套工艺的改造。     

侧限双面渗流压榨下的菜籽应力应变关系研究

进行了双面渗流下菜籽及其脱皮冷榨的应力、应变试验。结果表明:在相同压榨应力下,单面渗流下的应变、小于双面渗流下的应变;加载速率对其应力、应变关系的影响均较大,应变随加载速率的减小而增加;脱皮菜籽的应变大于未脱皮菜籽的应变;川北方程能较好模拟菜籽及其脱皮的侧限单面排油压榨的应力、应变关系。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the