Open government data portal usability: A user-centred usability analysis of 41 open government data portals

Open government data, as a phenomena, may be considered an important and influential innovation that has the potential to drive the creation of public value via enabling the prevention of corruption, increase in accountability and transparency, and driving the co-creation of new and innovative services. However, in order for open government data to be fully taken advantage of, it must be found, understood, and used. Though many countries maintain open government data portals, the usability of said portals can vary greatly; this is important to understand as the usability of a portal likely impacts the eventual reuse of the data made available there. Acknowledging the importance of portal usability to the data reuse process, this paper helps to elucidate some initial insights by asking two questions: “How can the usability of open government data portals be evaluated and compared across contexts?” and “What are the most commonly missing usability aspects from open government data portals?”. In order to answer these research questions, a subset of 41 national open government data portals were selected for an in-depth usability analysis drawing on the feedback from 40 individual users. As a result of this analysis, the paper is able to make three primary contributions: (1) the validation of a framework for open government data portal usability analysis, (2) develops an initial comparative international ranking of open government data portal usability, and (3) identifies commonly occurring portal usability strengths and weaknesses across contexts.     

Beyond the supply side: Use and impact of municipal open data in the U.S

While the number of open government data initiatives has increased considerably over the past decade, the impact of these initiatives remains uncertain. Recent studies have been critical of the “bias toward the supply side” and lack of “sufficient attention to the user perspective” in the way that open government data initiatives are implemented. This article asks: (1) who is using municipal open government data resources and for what purposes? and (2) what impact are municipal open government data having in cities where they have been implemented? We performed a qualitative analysis of 26 semi-structured telephone interviews conducted with government staff, civic technologists, and private sector stakeholders in nine cities around the United States. Each of these 30 to 45-minute telephone interviews were transcribed and analyzed to distill insights regarding the use and impact of municipal open government data in the nine cities considered. We find that the array of actors within open government data ecosystems at the local level is expanding as distinctions between the public and private sectors becomes increasingly blurred and that the demands of managing and sustaining these initiatives has led to changes in the services offered by local government, as well as in the duties of government staff. The impact of these data resources has been primarily felt within local government itself, although the lack of monitoring mechanisms makes it difficult to systematically evaluate their broader effects. We conclude that open government data initiatives should be coordinated and better integrated with digital equity and digital inclusion efforts in order to advance their political and social goals.     

贵阳市政府数据开放平台设计与实现

政府数据作为社会公共资源的价值和作用已成为全球的广泛共识,而我国政府数据开放平台建设整体上处于起步阶段.以贵阳市政府数据开放平台为例,介绍了政府数据开放平台设计和建设方案,从平台定位、总体框架、数据采集、数据质量和元数据建设等方面进行阐述和探讨,为我国地方政府数据开放平台建设提供借鉴与参考.     

Understanding the actual use of open data: Levels of engagement and how they are related

Government agencies at the national, regional and local levels are proposing open data as a strategy to increase transparency, strengthen accountability, and promote economic development, among other goals. However, little is understood about the actual use of open data, particularly how open data portal users engage with open datasets. This study analyzes the actual use of open data with a focus on a specific type of use, namely engagement. It is based on a cross-sectional analysis of web analytic behavioral data, from New York State’s open health data portal, that quantifies users’ engagement with open datasets. Results of an exploratory factor analysis confirm the presence of distinct levels of users’ engagement with open datasets. In addition, a PLS-SEM analysis reveals significant positive relationships between lower and higher levels of engagement, suggesting users’ engagement with open datasets occurs along a continuum, with lower levels of engagement influencing higher levels. Theoretically, this study contributes a new sub-construct (“Engagement”) to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) theoretical framework to facilitate a more nuanced understanding of actual open data use. Practically, this study contributes novel empirical evidence for users’ engagement with open datasets as well as reliable engagement measures. Insights from this study can inform improvements to open data strategies and portals to facilitate wider engagement with these valuable resources.     

政府数据治理服务模式探索

数字政府时代,政府部门对数据治理的需求不断增加,对数据治理的专业化、实时性、个性化要求越来越高,单纯的平台、工具建设成本高、操作难、效果微。从政府数据治理服务角度出发,提出一种基于政务数据资源体系的政府数据治理服务模式,能够快速、高效地响应政府数据治理差异化需求,助力政府业务流程和服务模式的数字化、智能化,并以济南市数据治理服务模式实践为例进行说明。     

智能环境数据采集小车

设计了一个基于单片机的智能环境数据采集小车系统,能实现环境温湿度的采集、发送、接收、处理、显示和保存。系统采用单片机作为小车与控制台的核心。控制台通过无线射频信号控制电动小车前进、后退、左转和右转运行,小车在行进过程中实时采集环境数据并将采集到的数据通过无线信号发送给控制台,控制台将数据处理后显示,并将数据发送至PC保存。经调试,系统工作稳定、可靠,实用性强。     

新型智慧城市下政务数据资源存储时限的研究

随着新型智慧城市建设持续推进,数据的体量也迎来了井喷试的增长,海量的数据正如潮水般涌入城市的存储中心,数据要实现更新迭代、去旧存新,数据存储时限则成了必须要突破的瓶颈。分析当前新型智慧城市下数据存储时间所带来的问题,梳理国内外针对不同行业数据的存储期限所采取的管理方式,从统筹管理、整体规划、规范体系、分类管理、总体原则等方面对个人数据、公共数据、业务数据提出了具体的管理措施,促进新型智慧城市健康、有序发展。     

Development of a hierarchical system for the teletransmission of environmental and energy data

Environmental and energy management in contemporary urban environments and at a household level, requires for the design of systems that will be able to integrate remote and spatially distributed monitoring data, while being open, modular, flexible and low cost. In addition, technological and industrial deregulation result in shifting from services that are heavily dependent on existing information infrastructure to services that depend on the satisfaction of instant information needs at a customer level. This paper presents methods suitable for the design and development of a hierarchical system for communicating and archiving environmental and energy data, towards serving applications that require easy and instant access to these data. The aim is to provide services at a household level for consumers ready to adopt the features of e-services to their home.     

新型智慧城市下政务数据安全管理的研究

新型智慧城市的建设对于提升政府治理能力、提高群众获得感与幸福感、推动数字经济发展具有重要意义,但数据安全问题的凸显目前正成为新型智慧城市建设的瓶颈。分析了新型智慧城市建设中政务数据共享开放存在的数据安全问题,并针对这些问题,梳理了各地政府在数据安全上采取的各类安全管理措施,从共享开放模式、数据质量管控、责任边界划定、分级分类管理、技术保障、安全风险评估以及监督管理机制上对管理措施提出了若干建议,以期全方位保障政务数据共享开放安全,促进新型智慧城市建设。     

信息通信行业政企业务主要发展方向探索

在信息通信行业个人和家庭业务已得到充分发展的背景下,政企业务成为行业新的利润增长点,各相关机构均将发展资源逐步向政企业务倾斜.信息通信行业政企业务研究具有广度较大,但深度不足;以愿景为主,但技术不足;未能形成系统性的研究理论和研究结论等特点.国家"十四五"规划提出"建设智慧城市""探索建设数字孪生城市""加快数字社会建设步伐"的发展愿景,为信息通信行业政企业务发展指明了未来的方向.首先,从信息通信行业政企业务的主要领域入手,探讨政府、企业和高校的研究立足点差异和研究局限性;其次,探索信息通信行业政企业务的主要类型,寻求未来发展的目标路径和潜在可能性;最后,分析信息通信行业政企业务的主要趋势,为未来信息通信行业政企业务研究构筑系统化研究框架.     

超大规模城市政务领域灾备中心网络建设研究

随着国内政务信息系统上云和信息化的推进,我国超大规模城市政务灾备中心建设也不断向云化数据中心形式演化。城市数字治理以数字化转型为基础推动,并以“一网通办,一网统管”为核心目标。一个好的城市级政务信息系统灾难备份体系的规划和建设,对于保证公共数据安全和政务业务连续性起着至关重要的作用。探讨了数据集中程度高、部门机构多的超大规模城市灾备中心网络建设的特点、模型、架构和关键点。     

政府部门外网运维管理研究

文中分析了目前政府部门外网的应用需求,通过运用技术工具,搭建网络运维管理体系,通过分析解决一个实际的运维管理事件,体现了网络运维管理体系的实际应用。     

A general framework for reversible data hiding in encrypted images by reserving room before encryption

In this paper a general framework to adopt different predictors for reversible data hiding in the encrypted image is presented. Employing linear regression, we propose innovative predictors that contribute more significantly to accomplish more payload than conventional ones. Reserving room before encryption (RRBE) is designated in the proposed scheme making possible to attain high embedding capacity. In RRBE procedure, pre-processing is allowed before image encryption. In our scheme, pre-processing comprises of three main steps: computing prediction-errors, blocking and labeling of the errors. By blocking, we obviate the need for lossless compression to when a content owner is not enthusiastic. Lossless compression is employed in recent state of the art schemes to improve payload. We surpass the prior arts exploiting proper predictors, more efficient labeling procedure and blocking of the prediction-errors.     

Recognizing and characterizing dynamics of cellular devices in cellular data network through massive data analysis

The user clients for accessing Internet are increasingly shifting from desktop computers to cellular devices. To be competitive in the rapidly changing market, operators, Internet service providers and application developers are required to have the capability of recognizing the models of cellular devices and understanding the traffic dynamics of cellular data network. In this paper, we propose a novel Jaccard measurement‐based method to recognize cellular device models from network traffic data. This method is implemented as a scalable paralleled MapReduce program and achieves a high accuracy, 91.5%, in the evaluation with 2.9 billion traffic records collected from the real network. Based on the recognition results, we conduct a comprehensive study of three characteristics of network traffic from device model perspective, the network access time, the traffic volume, and the diurnal patterns. The analysis results show that the distribution of network access time can be modeled by a two‐component Gaussian mixture model, and the distribution of traffic volumes is highly skewed and follows the power law. In addition, seven distinct diurnal patterns of cellular device usage are identified by applying unsupervised clustering algorithm on the collected massive traffic data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大数据时代数据中心运维管理措施研究

本文首先介绍了大数据的概念和背景,然后对大数据时代下的数据中心运维管理内容和现状进行了分析,针对提高运维管理能力提出了四点对策,旨在为大数据下数据中心运维管理工作提供参考.     

增量同步约束条件下的多节点间主节点选举算法

为了满足在异地分布多中心的数据服务系统中,选取一个节点作为主节点,提供数据写服务,其他节点作为备节点提供读服务,主节点与备节点之间采用增量同步方式同步数据系统运行模式的需要。在此列举了在数据增量同步条件下进行主备选举时,需要遵循约束条件,提出一个基于数据版本作为主要约束条件的主备选举算法。描述了在选举过程中,节点的状态定义,各个状态转换关系,以及在各个状态下需要进行的相关处理。通过实际工程运用,验证了算法满足使用要求,同时总结了目前不足和后续改进要点。     

Distributed data storage solution under sink failures in wireless sensor networks

In challenging environment, sensory data must be stored inside the network in case of sink failures, we need to redistribute overflowing data items from the depleted storage source nodes to sensor nodes with available storage space and residual energy. We design a distributed energy efficient data storage algorithm named distributed data preservation with priority (D²P²). This algorithm takes both data redistribution costs and data retrieval costs into account and combines these two problems into a single problem. D²P² can effectively realize data redistribution by using cooperative communication among sensor nodes. In order to solve the redistribution contention problem, we introduce the concept of data priority, which can avoid contention consultations between source nodes and reduce energy consumption. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed algorithm by both theory and simulations. We demonstrate that D²P²'s performance is close to the optimal centralized algorithm in terms of energy consumption and shows superiority in terms of data preservation time.     

基态修正时空数据模型在城市绿化中的应用

目前,基态修正时空数据模型的研究与应用是时空数据库领域的一个研究热点.讨论了传统基态修正时空数据模型存在的两个问题,着重分析解决方法.根据存在的问题提出一种复合型基态修正模型,并应用于城市绿化中.     

Pervasive data access in wireless and mobile computing environments

The rapid advance of wireless and portable computing technology has brought a lot of research interests and momentum to the area of mobile computing. One of the research focus is on pervasive data access. With wireless connections, users can access information at any place at any time. However, various constraints such as limited client capability, limited bandwidth, weak connectivity, and client mobility impose many challenging technical issues. In the past years, tremendous research efforts have been put forth to address the issues related to pervasive data access. A number of interesting research results were reported in the literature. This survey paper reviews important works in two important dimensions of pervasive data access: data broadcast and client caching. In addition, data access techniques aiming at various application requirements (such as time, location, semantics and reliability) are covered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

OBS数据信道分群调度机制在波带交换中的应用

介绍了光突发交换(OBS)网络中的数据信道分群调度策略,并将此信道分群调度策略引入多粒度光交换网络中,提出了一种新的基于OBS信道分群的负载平衡波带分配策略.分析表明,该调度策略能达到改善网络性能的目的.