英国植物园教育的发展与实践综述

现代植物园对植物学的研究、生物多样性的保护及社会公众的科普教育等方面起到了至关重要的作用。本研究回顾了英国植物园教育的发展历程,对教育项目的设置、教学实践进行了述评,并在此基础之上对我国植物园教育的发展提出如下建议：（1）强化植物园的教育功能;（2）制定与国家课程标准相结合的学校教育项目;（3）增强植物园与当地学校的合作伙伴关系;（4）为当地学校提供教师在职培训。     

Effects of visualizing roles of variables with animation and IDE in novice program construction

In this research, the researchers apply the roles of variables visualization to the teaching of novice C language programmers. The results are evaluated using the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy. The participants of the research were fifty-five undergraduates who major in computer science at a polytechnic institute. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The students from the control group learned programming in the traditional role-based teaching method. The students in the experimental group learned programming using variables visualization with the support of PlanAni and generic integrated development environment (IDE). For the purposes of determining the effects of the role-based visualization teaching, the SOLO level of the code writing was graded according the SOLO categories for program construction. A course satisfaction questionnaire was conducted. Data analyses show there was a significant improvement of SOLO level of program construction and a higher approval about the roles of variables. These results indicate that visualizing the roles of variables with animations and IDE can provide novices with a new conceptual framework that enables them to design relational program from a holistic point of view and helps them learn the concept of the roles of variables.