What Makes Indian Cities Smart? A Policy Analysis of Smart Cities Mission

Despite widespread practices worldwide and increasing research centred on smart urbanism, there is no universal definition for ‘smart cities’. More importantly, a growing line of research warns about the north-centric notion of smart city research which underestimates the fast rate of uptake in the global South. In a search for a contextually informed definition of smart cities, the paper focuses on India: Home to one-third of the global South population, and the cradle of the ambitious Smart City Mission to develop 100 smart cities nationwide. It investigates the Smart City Proposals (SCPs) prepared for the first 20 smart cities prioritised, as part of the Mission. Findings offer a typology of smart city approaches; and shed light on the smart dimensions prioritised (e.g. smart governance, smart citizen and smart infrastructure) versus those overlooked (e.g. smart environment and smart economy) at the smart city policymaking level in India. The paper calls for further empirical research to investigate how the typologies pan out at the implementation of smart cities across the nation.     

Historicizing the smart cities: Genealogy as a method of critique for smart urbanism

This study explores the utility of genealogy as a method of critiquing the history of the present in the smart cities. Taking a South Korean smart city of Songdo as a point of departure, this paper offers a genealogical understanding of a smart city that situates the current technics and technologies of data-driven urban governance within the broader context of South Korean history. Given the scarcity of a historically informed understanding of a smart city in the existing literatures on smart urbanism, this paper argues that a genealogical method helps us to counter the sweeping binarism that obscures the complexity and diversity of actually existing smart cities today. Through genealogy, this study underscores the multifaceted nature of the smart city, which consists of a combination of multiple urban diagrams that grows out of distinct problems and objectives of urban management – mobility, security, environment, and futurity. This paper illustrates how a smart city emerged out of multiple strings of history and problematizations that are contingently interweaved at a given time and space in multiple and diffused forms.     

物联网技术对智慧城市建设影响研究

以物联网技术为代表的新一代技术革命的爆发,为智慧城市建设带来了新契机.物联网技术是智慧城市建设的核心途径与手段,与智慧城市建设相辅相成.在对智慧城市的概念与特点,以及物联网的定义和结构进行阐述的基础上,分析了物联网技术与智慧城市建设的关系,从城市核心系统角度阐释了物联网技术对智慧城市建设各个方面的影响.     

Making (in) the smart city: The emergence of makerspaces

Critical approaches to the smart city concept are used to begin highlighting the promises of makerspaces, that is to say, those emerging urban sites that promote sharing practices; exercise community-based forms of governance; and utilize local manufacturing technologies. A bird’s-eye-view of the history of makerspaces is provided tracing their roots back to the hacker movement. Drawing from secondary sources, their community-building, learning and innovation potential is briefly discussed. Makerspaces, this essay argues, can serve as hubs and vehicles for citizen-driven transformation and, thus, play a key part in a more inclusive, participatory and commons-oriented vision of the smart city.     

智慧城市和光无线城市

传统的城市管理体系已经难以适应城市现代化管理的需要,因此要建立一个崭新的、迅速的、高效的现代化、信息化、智能化的城市管理系统,来全面提升城市管理效率,,智慧城市是城市化管理的重要趋势之一,IBM公司提出了智慧城市概念和和架构,要实现智慧城市必须要有性能优良的基础设施网络作为基础,采用基于光纤接入和无线接入构筑的"光无线城市"是实现智慧城市的最佳基础设施网络解决方案。     

智慧城市将成为新型城镇化的先导

通过总结多年来中国智慧城市与新型城镇化建设的实践,并对二者的指导思想、建设目标、原则和内容、技术方案等进行分析和论证,得出智慧城市将成为新型城镇化的先导的论断;认为智慧城市(中心城市)必然以它的核心力和支撑力,把城市智慧的理念、规划、设计和实施方案外延至城市郊区、乡镇乃至村;给出了一张未来网络技术的全景图,以实现城乡一体的信息网络全覆盖。     

Modes of making smart cities: Or,practices of variegated smart urbanism

The ‘actually existing’ smart city is not a monolith. It is not directed by a universal logic, nor does it develop in a standardised way. As recent research has argued, the spatial, material, and political contexts of cities have major influence over what smart urbanism looks like in practice. This paper adds analytical depth to, and broadens the geographical scope of, research on the variegated modes of making smart cities. Based on empirical research in multiple Australian cities we use three case studies to explore three different modes of smart urbanism, each one centred on the interests of a different key actor: corporate-centric, citizen-centric, and planner-centric. These different modes can, and do, co-exist in the same city. At times, they are competing logics that fight to pull the city in different directions. Yet, they can also work together to shape smart city initiatives. In describing these different modes, we pay particular attention to the ways that these projects and strategies must contend with the already existing spatial, cultural, and political contexts of each place.     

Smart cities with a Nordic twist? Public sector digitalization in Finnish data-rich cities

The article studies the urban digitalization and smart city development in the context of Nordic society. The exploration focuses on city officials' views concerning the two largest cities in Finland, Helsinki and Espoo. Both cities are investing heavily on urban digitalization, and they are also building specific smart city districts. The central contexts for the study are the Nordic welfare state model and Finnish cities’ role in society as crucial service providers. The article follows especially conceptualizations connected to urban data which have been highlighted in recent critical smart city research and are also at the heart of the studied cities’ digitalization programmes.     

广电光网在智慧城市建设中的实际应用

智慧城市是借助现代信息、通信等各种技术手段,对城市运行过程中的各类信息加以科学监测、分析、整合,并对包含民生、医疗、城市服务等在内的各类需求做出及时响应,提供智能服务。在新阶段,广电要积极参与到智慧城市建设过程中来,这是推动自身发展转型的有利时机。广电要对自身发展情况进行科学定位,清楚自身在智慧城市建设中的优势及存在的问题,制定有效的参与方式和模式,促使自身更好地发展、升级。基于此,对广电光网在智慧城市建设中的作用、存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了广电光网在智慧城市建设中得应用措施。     

Progressive Streaming of Video Data for Traffic Surveillance

Traffic surveillance has been one of the essential attributes in smart city concept. Nowadays, in such applications rotating camera is preferred over static camera. Motivation behind this substitution is to reduce the cost of data transmission and Total of cost of ownership. To design an optimal and performant wireless ‘smart city area network’ for video surveillance systems, this paper focuses on some key areas, namely, transmission efficiency, lossless video data coding, data congestion, edge computing at transmission nodes. The end objective is to achieve high quality received video stream in spite of compressed data transmission. Some research initiatives in this domain are pertinent. For example, Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) based rate distortion optimization is an effective tool in enhancing the perceptual video quality in wireless environments. However, prevailing system does not consider the network congestion conditions, affecting quality of received video. Also, effect of distortion introduced by ‘channel noise’ is unattended. This motivated us to propose a new dual metric traffic control mechanism, wherein both metrics i.e. distortion and data congestion are considered. It is based on an ‘improvised SSIM’ method which incorporates the ‘Rate of allocation’ algorithm as a function. Experimental results unveil that the proposed traffic control using similarity index under noise diversity can achieve better video quality and more data throughput.     

The 21st century corporate town: The politics of planning innovation districts

High-tech corporations have established a foothold in cities through innovation districts. Across the north Atlantic, these are typically waterfront urban renewal projects that repurpose formerly industrial land contiguous to the city centre into fully master-planned sites that also include smart city developments. Our case study focuses on the governance and spatial planning of waterfront innovation districts in Boston in the United States and Dublin in Ireland. Both cases reflect a trend to create high-value clusters attracting research and development from globalised tech firms as well as fostering local enterprise. The fluidity and mobility of multinational capital attached to the tech economy leverages digital and civic investment in these districts as a means of corporate attraction and retention: the smart city becomes one for skilled, globally-mobile tech workers adjacent to, but socially and spatially partitioned from, historically working class port communities. This process is marked by the degree to which such districts can be, firstly, disconnected from city-wide planning agendas, and secondly, the degree to which they interface and share resources and amenities with surrounding neighbourhoods. Thus, we argue, there is the potential for further market capture of urban revitalisation policies by high-tech firms, leading to the creation of ‘corporate towns’ and a new era of uneven development. The politics of urban planning can both restrict the democratic process in the city, and curtail the forms of smart city, civic technologies into those primarily beneficial for high-tech corporations and their workforce.     

智慧城市信息安全体系构建

在智慧城市建设与发展过程中,如何应对与之伴随的信息安全挑战,保证城市的可持续健康发展是一个重要的问题.基于智慧城市的主要组成部分,分别分析了智慧城市各部分面临的信息安全风险,从组织、制度、管理、技术、应急与灾备几个维度出发构筑智慧城市信息安全保障体系.     

国外智慧城市研究综述

在发达国家",智慧城市"作为一种应对城市人口增长和破解城市化问题的战略手段于20世纪90年代被提出。经过10多年的发展,智慧城市取得了一定研究成果,并在实践环节有所突破。在国内,学者对智慧城市的关注开始于2009年IBM公司提出的"智慧地球"概念,目前对智慧城市的研究尚处于起步阶段。本文从智慧城市的起源、内涵、构成要素、评价等4个方面,全面介绍国外智慧城市的主要研究成果,并对智慧城市未来研究方向进行了展望,以期对我国智慧城市和新型城镇化建设有所借鉴。     

智慧城市网络安全问题探讨

智慧城市是以物联网、互联网等通信网络为基础,通过物联网、互联网、智能使城市各功能模块协同运行的新型城市发展模式。它的特点是高度集成的智能技术,智能产业的高端发展和高效便捷的智能服务。然而,随着一切都变得更加互联和依赖技术,城市变得更加“智能”,这意味着它们不可避免地拥有更多的技术基础设施和数据,这意味着它们更容易受到新的威胁,随之而来的是更多的网络安全隐患。文章探讨了智慧城市带来的网络安全问题,并给出了相应的解决方案,使得智慧城市的建设更加安全,能更好的改善市民的生活,使得城市治理更加有效。     

An improved dos-resistant id-based password authentication scheme without using smart card

In 2010, Hwang, et al. proposed a ‘DoS-resistant ID-based password authentication scheme using smart cards’ as an improvement of Kim-Lee-Yoo’s ‘ID-based password authentication scheme’. In this paper, we cryptanalyze Hwang, et al.’s scheme and point out that the revealed session key could threat the security of the scheme. We demonstrate that extracting information from smart cards is equal to knowing the session key. Thus known session key attacks are also effective under the assumption that the adversary could obtain the information stored in the smart cards. We proposed an improved scheme with security analysis to remedy the weaknesses of Hwang, et al.’s scheme. The new scheme does not only keep all the merits of the original, but also provides several additional phases to improve the flexibility. Finally, the improved scheme is more secure, efficient, practical, and convenient, because elliptic curve cryptosystem is introduced, the expensive smart cards and synchronized clock system are replaced by mobile devices and nonces.     

基于CIM智慧城市的规划

文章对基于CIM智慧城市的规划领域进行研究,指出目前CIM仍停留在BIM和GIS阶段。通过对CIM应用场景的调研,阐述在基于CIM的智慧城市业态下,如何能够更好的开展“智慧城市”规划,以提升城市规划水平。文章指出,把智能化手段融入到传统城市规划的过程中,应把CIM相关内容(BIM、GIS和IOT)与AI、大数据和云计算等技术相结合,在多场景下对规划方案优选,实现规划精准、要素全面、场景真实的规划效果。还提出CIM不仅应用在智慧城市的规划建筑行业,还覆盖政务服务、城市治理、公共服务、产业经济等多个智慧城市的其他领域,通过基于CIM的智慧城市相关规划手段,可加快智慧城市向前演进的速度。     

现阶段智慧城市推进中面临的不确定性研究与对策

现阶段,各地积极贯彻国家大数据战略,加快建设数字中国,借力万物互联、大数据、AI等信息技术提高城市管理与治理能力,推动我国智慧城市建设迅猛发展.智慧城市作为城市发展的新形态,本质上就蕴藏着不确定基因,无论对于智慧城市的理解,还是智慧城市建设本身,都面临着诸多挑战.文章基于智慧城市顶层设计与实践,着重研究如何厘清现阶段智...     

智慧城市跨系统信息交互方法研究

信息交互是城市管理中的一项重要要求。当前,城市中的信息系统间壁垒严重,难以实现信息共享与协同,这种情况严重阻碍了智慧城市的发展。本文研究了智慧城市跨系统信息交互的方法,将信息交互划分为三类基本场景,给出信息交互过程中数据接口、流程的相关要求。     

Smart cities education: An insight into existing drawbacks

Smart cities aim to increase citizens’ quality of life by employing technology. Education is one of the areas of focus in smart cities and in this context, smart education is a term used to refer to education provided by smart cities. As research in this area has expanded recently as shown by the number of literature reviews in a smart city context, a review could help summarize existing directions focusing in this case on education in the smart cities context. As our understanding on negative consequences is limited, this research will address this knowledge gap by concentrating on challenges and difficulties when it comes to education in smart cities. The articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science were review and a qualitative analysis of the articles fitting our research criteria was done. Three themes were identified: shortcomings on the existing educational initiatives to address the needs of smart cities, negative consequences of smart city education in other areas and problems that arise as a result of employing technology in education.     

基于微服务架构的智慧城市管理平台的构建研究

随着中国城镇化的快速发展,智慧城市管理逐渐成为城市治理问题的有效解决途径。文中分析了当前城市管理的实际需求,基于Spring Cloud的微服务架构技术,设计了一种基于模块化管理的智慧城市服务管理平台,旨在提高城市居民的便捷感、获得感和幸福感。该研究实现了高可用、高并发、高性能和可插拔的应用体系,通过提高城市管理中对公共数据的治理能力,可有效提升城市管理效能。