深过冷合金再辉与凝固组织的研究

发现深过冷Ni_(68)B_(21)Si_(11)合金液形核过程中的多次再辉现象,揭示了二次和三次再辉的过冷条件,以及对凝固组织的影响。研究结果表明,深过冷Ni_(68)B_(21)Si_(11)合金液存在两种凝固机制:一是NilB,Nj‘si,B和Ni,B的三相共晶生长;另一个是以NilB为领先相的枝晶簇生长。当过冷度低于200K或超过310K时,合金液凝固仅伴生一次再辉,其晶体生长以第一种凝固方式进行。其他过冷范围内的合金液则发生多次再辉和枝晶簇凝固。     

深过冷Ni基六元合金的孪晶生长

采用熔融玻璃自分离净化工艺,使得合金(Ni_(0.53)Fe_(0.33)Co_(0.14))_(73)B_(17)Si_8Nb_2获取深过冷观察到孪晶生长方式的凝固特征通过相成分及组织结构和形貌的分析,并结合深过冷液态合金凝固过程的特点,对孪晶的形成和长大机理作了初步的探讨     

过冷Ni-31．44％Pb偏晶合金凝固行为

采用熔融玻璃净化和循环过热相结合的方法研究Ni-31.44%Pb偏晶合金宽过冷区间凝固组织演化规律;结果表明,过冷偏晶合金在快速凝固阶段首先形成枝晶α骨架,再辉重熔后分布于枝晶间的残余液相按照平衡凝固模式进行后续反应;在0～286K过冷范围内,当ΔΤ＜50K时,合金凝固组织为粗大枝晶α+枝晶间Pb相;当70＜ΔT＜232K时,凝固组织为细密枝晶α+枝晶臂上细小的Pb颗粒+枝晶间Pb相;当ΔT＞242K时,凝固组织为过冷粒状晶+均匀细小的Pb颗粒+少量尺寸较大的枝晶间Pb颗粒,过冷粒状晶的粒化机制属于枝晶碎断-再结晶机制.     

Non-equilibrium solidification of undercooled Ni-31.44%Pb monotectic alloy melts

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深过冷Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金的凝固特性研究

对熔融玻璃净化后深过冷Ni-21.4%Si（原子分数,下同）共晶合金的凝固特性进行了实验研究,并对其均质形核过冷度进行了理论预测.结果发现,采用熔融玻璃净化可使Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金获得318 K的过冷度.理论计算表明,此过冷度达到了Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金的均质形核过冷度.Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金凝固特性与过冷度△T有关:当过冷度小于250 K时,冷却曲线有2个再辉峰,其中当过冷度小于206 K时,凝固组织由Ni3Si相和规则共晶组成,当过冷度在206 K到250 K之间时,凝固组织由α-Ni相和规则共晶组成;过冷度大于250 K后,冷却曲线只有1个再辉峰,凝固组织为反常共晶.过冷度会影响初生相Ni3Si的生长方式.随着过冷度的增大,初生相Ni₃Si的生长会由小平面生长方式转为非小平面生长方式.     

过冷Ni50Cu50合金的二次枝晶间距

过冷Ｎｉ５０Ｃｕ５０合金的二次枝晶间距随过冷度的增加并不以简单的幂函数规律减小,在４０－１２０Ｋ过冷度范围内有一反常的变化,理论分析指出这是枝晶生长从低过冷下的溶质扩散控制向高过冷下的热扩散控制转变过程中一次枝晶尖端半径的上升所致。与常规凝固合金相比,深过冷合金的二次枝晶在凝固过程中发生剧烈的粗化。     

偏晶合金Ni—31.44％Pb过冷组织粒化机制

利用溶融玻璃净化、循环过热相结合的方法对Ni-31.44%Pb(质量分数）偏晶合金宽过冷区间组织演化规律进行研究。结果表明：随过冷度的增大,凝固组织发生三次转变。其中当△T＞242K时,合金组织发生第三次转变,由细密枝晶骤燃粒化为过冷粒状晶。通过组织观察和过冷熔体枝晶生长过程的理论计算发现,快速凝固过程中液相变速率骤然增加,引起枝晶全面碎断,然后在枝晶块表面能和就变能的驱动下,晶界移动,发生碎晶合并－再结晶是形成过冷粒状晶的原因。     

DZ125高温合金深过冷凝固组织转变规律

采用熔盐净化剂与循环过热相结合的方法,获得了过冷度高达180 K的DZ125高温合金深过冷熔体,研究了合金深过冷凝固的组织演化过程.结果表明,随着过冷度△T的增大,凝固组织经历3次转变过程:当△T<48 K时,合金的凝固组织为普通树枝晶;当48 K≤△T<85 K时,枝晶因再辉发生熟化和重熔,组织转化为第1类粒状晶;当85 K≤△T<160 K时,再辉所产生的重熔效应大大降低,凝固组织为深过冷树枝晶;当△T≥160 K时,发生枝晶破碎及再结晶,凝固组织转变为第Ⅱ类粒状晶.     

Ag-Cu/Co-Sn共晶合金深过冷快速凝固反常共晶的形成研究

利用熔融玻璃净化循环过热的方法进行了Ag-Cu/Co-Sn共晶合金的深过冷快速凝固实验,并系统研究了熔体过冷度和微量Nb添加对反常共晶形成的影响。结果表明,快速凝固过程中共晶枝晶内部首先重熔形成反常共晶,随着过冷度的增大,共晶相的形貌从蠕虫状转变为球形颗粒,被重熔形成的固相颗粒将作为剩余液相形核生长的基底,Ag-Cu共晶中共晶两相形核具有非互惠性。Co-Sn共晶合金中添加Nb元素后样品内部反常共晶形成的临界过冷度由23 K降低至15 K,而表面组织中过冷度从45 K降低至30 K。由于样品表面与坩埚壁接触有利于结晶潜热消散,反常共晶形成的临界过冷度较高。Ag-Cu共晶合金温度再辉曲线上慢速凝固阶段持续的时间较Co-Sn共晶合金要长。     

Recrystallization developed in the largely undercooled Ni54.6Pd45.4 alloy

The structure evolution driven by recrystallization in the bulk undercooled Ni_54.6Pd_45.4 alloy was investigated by quenching the sample at different cooling stages. It is found that recrystallization of the solid beyond the critical undercooling for grain refinement starts at the end of rapid solidification, and develops during the slow solidification and the subsequent cooling process. At the initial stage of recrystallization, nuclei successively form in the sample, leading to a decrease in grain size. At the later stage, annexation of grains dominates the recrystallization, due to which the grain size increases. As undercooling prior to solidification increases, the deformation degree in the rapidly solidified dendrite net rises, and the recalescence temperature as well as the duration at high temperature decreases. Consequently, the grain size of the recrystallization structure decreases.     

Phase selection in undercooled peritectic Fe–Mo alloys

The change of the primary solidification mode of undercooled peritectic Fe–Mo melts has been studied by in situ observation of recalescence events during electromagnetic levitation. A maximum melt undercooling up to 380 K has been achieved. Levitated drops of controlled undercooling were quenched onto chill substrates and subjected to phase and microstructure analysis. A transition from the primary bcc-Mo to the peritectic σ-phase solidification mode beyond a critical undercooling of 345 K was revealed for the Fe₄₇Mo₅₃ alloy and in a similar way for other compositions between Fe₄₅Mo₅₅ and Fe₅₄Mo₄₆. The suppression of the properitectic bcc-Mo phase was also achieved for subcritical undercooling in substrate-quenched Fe₄₅Mo₅₅ samples. In Fe₆₁Mo₃₉ a transition from the primary σ- to the peritectic R-phase solidification mode beyond a critical undercooling of 150 K was inferred from recalescence processes and X-ray investigation of as-quenched undercooled samples.     

深过冷Ni—50%Cu合金的晶粒细化

Ｎｉ－５０％Ｃｕ合金随过冷度的增加发生两次明显的晶粒细化过程,第一次产生于５０－１００Ｋ的过冷度范围内,第二次发生于临界过冷度２２０Ｋ之后,实验首次发现高冷度下细化合金的晶粒内含有枝晶亚结构。理论分析指出,枝晶重熔倾向的大小可用枝晶主干中最先析出的固相在再辉过程中的无量纲过热度来衡量,该无量钢过热度随原始过冷度的增加先增后减,其最大值对应于第一次细化发生的过冷度区间。热力学计算和组织分析表明,小过     

过冷Ni—2Pb单相偏晶合金的组织粒化

采用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法研究了过冷Ni-2Pb单相偏晶合金的组织粒化机制。在22～280K过冷度范围内,Ni-2Pb合金组织发生两次粒化。当22K<ΔT<66K时,合金组织由普通树枝晶渐变为第一类粒状晶;当ΔT>88K时,合金组织由第一类粒状晶转变为深过冷树枝晶;当ΔT>187K时,合金组织骤然粒化为第二类粒状晶。BCT模型分析表明第一类粒状晶的粒化机制为枝晶熔断再结晶机制;第二类为枝晶碎断再结晶机制。     

Reexamination of the solidification behavior of undercooled Ni–Sn eutectic melts

Employing a high-speed video, in situ recalescence behaviors of Ni–Sn eutectic melts under different undercooling conditions have been investigated. Based on the surface morphologies and cross-sectional microstructures that consist of independent eutectic colonies, copious nucleation is proposed to take place in Ni–Sn eutectic melt regardless of melt undercooling in the unconstrained solidification. The boundary with sharp contrast between the crystallized bright solid and undercooled dark liquid during recalescence is not the solid/liquid interface but the simultaneous thermal release of concentrated crystallizing eutectic colonies. It may not be feasible to measure growth velocities in free solidification of the system due to copious nucleation. The fluctuations in undercooled melts are proposed to activate a chain-like successive nucleation reaction once an effective nucleus is formed. The current observation urges that we should deliberate further the conventional concept that once an effective nucleus is formed in a deeply undercooled melt, the growth will be initiated promptly and the solid/liquid interface will sweep across the entire sample rapidly. The origin of anomalous eutectic formation and the growth have been discussed when the current nucleation phenomenon is taken into account. Based on the copious nucleation theory and the improved driving force for growth, the present recalescence frames and some other experimental phenomena concerning the free growth of the undercooled eutectic system can be well clarified.     

反向扩散效应对过冷单相固溶体合金凝固动力学的影响(英文)

基于平均体积方法建立过冷单相固溶体合金的凝固动力学模型并研究反向扩散在凝固动力学过程中的作用。模型在过冷Ni-15%Cu(摩尔分数)合金快速凝固中的应用表明:反向扩散显著影响凝固结束温度但对再辉阶段凝固的固相体积分数影响不明显。与Herlach观点相反,凝固结束温度介于杠杆定律和Scheil方程的预测值之间,且其具体值由反向扩散、初始过冷度和冷却速率决定。     

GRAIN REFINEMENT IN BULK UNDERCOOLED Ni-BASED ALLOY

Fluxing of 5 g bulk melt Ni77Si13B10 permits high undercoolings to be attained prior to nu-cleation onset.Investigations of grain refinement in the bulk undercooled alloy as a function ofundercooling,recalescence behavior and cooling rate have been reported.A significant inhomo-geneity of reduction in grain size of a bulk sample is observed,which is caused by the different so-lidification conditions:(1)recalescence process,and(2)the followed plateau in which the heatrelease and extraction rates are equal.It is concluded that the homogeneous refined microstructurecan be achieved if the initial undercooling prior to nucleation,or cooling rate after recalescence isfurther increased.     

Microstructures and evolution mechanism of highly undercooled Ni-Pb hypermonotectic alloy

The microstructures and evolution mechanism of the undercooled Ni-20%Pb(molar fraction) alloy were investigated systematically by high undercooling solidification technique. The experiment results indicate that the morphology of α-Ni phase and the distribution of Pb element in undercooled Ni-20% Pb alloys change with the in-crease of undercooling. The main evolution mechanisms of α-Ni are dendrite remelting and recrystallization. Pb phase in the microstructure of Ni-20% Pb hypermonotectic alloy originates from L2 phase separated from the parent melt during the cooling process through immiscible gap and L2 phase formed at the temperature of monotectic trans-formation. The solubility of Ph element in α-Ni phase under high undercooling condition is up to 5.83% which is ob-viously higher than that under equilibrium solidification condition. The real reason that causes the solubility difference is distinct solute trapping.     

STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF UNDERCOOLED SINGLE-PHASENi-2wt%Pb MONOTECTIC ALLOY

1. IntroductionDendrite is the common growth manner of undercooled single-phase alloys, and recentinvestigations['] revealed that there are three critical undercoolings, ATI, ATZ and aT3,during the solidification process of this kind of alloys. Within the undercooling range of aTIand aT2, the solidification structure undergoes the first change from common dendrites, (less than ATI) to the first class granular grains (higher than aTI). When the undercoolingis higher than aT2, the change f…     

过冷熔体定向凝固过程枝晶生长的相场法模拟

利用二元合金相场模型与溶质场进行耦合计算，以Al-4．5％Cu合金为例模拟了二元合金定向凝固的枝晶生长过程。研究了不同过冷度下二元合金过冷熔体定向凝固时枝晶的演化过程及其溶质场的分布情况。结果表明：利用相场模型可以逼真地模拟枝晶的生长过程，以及界面形貌从平界面向柱状晶生长的转变，可再现枝晶演变过程中相互之间的竞争生长和熔合现象。     

过冷Ni-1at%Fe合金晶粒细化及再结晶机理分析

通过熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法研究了过冷Ni-1at%Fe合金的微观组织演化及再结晶。通过再辉后快淬和空冷实验对比,证明大过冷下的细化组织是再结晶的产物。结合无量纲过热度的计算,系统考察了合金凝固组织随过冷度的演化规律。研究发现合金的凝固组织在所获得的过冷度范围内发生了两次晶粒细化,第一次细化归因于枝晶的熟化和重熔导致的高度发达树枝晶碎断,第二次细化归因于应力积累导致的再结晶。