微弱GPS信号的翻转位预测捕获算法

微弱全球定位系统(GPS)卫星信号的捕获需要较长的积分时间,但受导航数据位翻转的影响,一般采用10ms的相干积分。为进一步提高捕获灵敏度,提出了一种数据位翻转预估算法,该算法通过对多组信号积分结果的对比估算出翻转位的位置,舍弃存在位翻转的5ms数据从而消除其影响,并对其余数据进行15ms的分块相干积分。同时,为降低分块相干积分中非相干积分的平方损耗,采用差分相干积分对其进行改进,并在运算过程中采用“先累加后相关”的方式,在进一步提高捕获灵敏度的同时降低运算复杂度。仿真结果表明,该算法能高效地捕获到信噪比低至-50dB的信号,可有效地提高GPS接收机的捕获灵敏度和捕获效率。     

高动态及微弱信号环境下GPS信号捕获方法

研究优化导航信号精确性问题,由于信号在传输过程中有损耗,传统捕获GPS信号的方法都是采用执行相干积分和非相干积分,但是非相干积分会带来非相干积分损耗,降低了接收机的灵敏度,不利于微弱信号的捕获.为了提高信号捕获精度和概率,提出一种FFT的GPS信号最佳数据组合捕获算法,并给出了算法的理论依据和具体捕获的流程.经仿真证明,算法能提高接收机的灵敏度,并且能有效提高信号的检测概率,表明了新提出算法的有效性.     

GPS微弱信号C/A码捕获的最佳路径搜索算法

C/A码的捕获是接收GPS信号最重要的环节.在弱信号的环境下,为了可靠地捕获C/A码、提高接收机的灵敏度,应尽量延长相干累积的时间.但是,由于导航数据比特的跳变,相干累积的时间受到限制.如何减少导航数据跳变沿的影响,延长相干累积的时间,是所有捕获算法的关键问题.在对目前常用的C/A码捕获算法进行研究的基础上,提出了搜索路径的概念,同时以导航数据跳变沿检测为前提,提出了基于最佳路径搜索的捕获算法.该算法采用相干累积的方法,不会引起平方损失.仿真结果表明,累积时间长度80ms,在SNR=-40dB的情况下,最佳路径算法仍具有高达92%的捕获成功率,能显著提高接收机的灵敏度.     

基于批处理的改进FFT微弱信号捕获算法及其实现研究

为了解决GPS微弱信号的快速捕获问题,在基于FFT捕获方法的基础上,改进过去的相干积分或非相干积分,提出了一种新的改进微弱信号捕获算法,采用批处理方式提高捕获增益,并运用多普勒补偿,提高信号累加时间容限,进一步提高信号捕获灵敏度。大量仿真测试表明,该方法较传统的FFT算法,捕获概率大为提高,最后在FPGA上对该方案进行了具体实现。     

基于相干累加北斗弱信号的改进捕获算法

针对北斗弱信号,采用相干累加的方法进行捕获,并在此基础上对其进行改进。与比特跳变估计算法相比,该算法在不剔除比特跳变数据块的基础上,将积分时间延长至20 ms,提高了数据利用率。仿真结果表明,本文的方法能够捕获到信噪比低至-38 d B的北斗弱信号,且具有较高的捕获概率。     

一种基于二分法的GPS弱信号快速捕获算法

在高灵敏度卫星导航接收机技术中, 微弱信号捕获算法的捕获效率和运算复杂度是提高接收机灵敏度的关键. 长时间相关积分是提高灵敏度的经典方法, 但由于导航数据比特翻转的限制, 一般积分时长为10ms. 提出逐层分组数据相干积分, 利用二分法估计比特翻转位置, 可将累积时长扩展为19ms, 从而提高捕获效率. 同时根据卷积的线性关系, 利用特定时间的数据累加替代卷积运算, 从而降低相关积分的运算复杂度. 理论分析和仿真结果表明该算法在提高接收机灵敏度的同时, 有效降低了运算量.     

北斗弱信号跟踪相干积分算法设计

为了提高北斗接收机弱信号跟踪灵敏度,解决北斗信号中NH码跳变和比特跳变频繁限制相干积分时间加长的问题,提出一种基于相干积分的北斗弱信号优化跟踪算法.首先,利用分组比特匹配方法进行位同步/帧同步算法优化,实现全比特相干积分;然后,采用最大似然法对数据比特值进行估计和解码,实现跨比特相干积分;最后,利用卫星导航系统开发平台开展仿真验证,分别实现了20ms和40ms时间的相干积分,结果表明,采用40ms积分后信噪比提升约16dB.所提出算法能够稳定可靠地实现北斗信号位同步和帧同步功能,并快速地剥离NH码,消除数据比特跳变和NH码相位变化的影响,可实现全比特相干积分和跨比特相干积分,有效提高北斗弱信号跟踪灵敏度.     

基于非相干积分时间调整的微弱GPS信号捕获

研究微弱GPS信号的捕获问题,由于实际接收信号存在多普勒现象,使信号减弱.针对传统方法快速傅立叶变换(FFT)不能有效捕获到GPS微弱信号,导致定位失败,为有效捕获微弱信号,提出了根据非相干积分时间调整的微弱GPS信号捕获算法.算法在FFT并行捕获的基础上,将相干积分的时间加长(批处理),同时对非相干积分做时间频率调整,从而既能提高整体信号强度,又能避免多普勒现象对捕获的影响.仿真结果表明,可以较好地避免多普勒现象引起的C/A码基码摄动,在处理的GPS数据为1 s的情况下,能很好地捕获到信噪比低至16dB-Hz的GPS信号,为设计提供了可靠依据.     

GPS弱信号的半比特差分捕获算法

针对微弱信号情况下,传统的信号捕获方法不能很好地捕获到卫星信号的问题,提出一种半比特差分捕获算法,用于实现对微弱GPS信号的捕获。同时与半比特交替算法进行了比较。通过对一组GPS数据信息的捕获仿真实验,比较捕获效果。结果显示,这种新算法可以捕获到微弱的GPS信号,提高了接收机的灵敏度。     

基于批处理与差分相干的GPS信号捕获算法

研究全球导航卫星系统,针对传统方法难以实现微弱GPS信号的精确捕获,影响后续的信号跟踪及导航电文解码等问题,提出了提高信噪比的一种新方法.由于批处理在导航数据位跳变时会存在隐患,而差分相干积分没有积分累加过程,采用基于批处理的手段结合差分相干积分,在传统批处理的流程中加入差分相干积分的处理,使捕获算法融合两者的优点,为高灵敏度GPS接收机的实现提供技术保证.仿真结果表明,方案能够较好地捕获到载噪比低至17dB-Hz的GPS信号.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。