一种改进的基于柯西模型的H.264码率控制方法

H.264/AVC编码中的码率控制是通过有效控制输出码流的码率来提高其压缩视频质量的重要技术。本文基于H.264/AVC中的JVT-H017码率控制方案提出了一种改进算法。新算法根据H.264中DCT系数的分布特征,将柯西分布引入到码率控制模块,用更精确的柯西率失真模型取代了原先的二次率失真模型。在此基础上,进一步引入了一种联合PSNR比率和MAD比率进行图像复杂度预测的方法,并依此来调整帧级比特的分配和量化参数,克服了在出现复杂运动或场景切换时,因视频序列相邻帧之间相关性降低而导致的MAD预测失准的情况。实验结果表明,与JVT-H017方案及文献[5]中的算法比较,新的算法不仅具有更精确的码率控制,而且明显改善了输出码率的平稳性及重建图像的PSNR。      

视频编码线性码率控制模型

为提高视频编码码率控制的性能,通过理论推导及实验验证提出了一种新的视频编码 码率控制模型。通过该模型,编码器可以直接确定量化参数(Quantization Parameter, QP) ,而不必计算量化步长(Quantization Step, Qstep),进而避免了由Qstep 确定QP 过程中的舍入误差,提高了码率控制的准确性。实验结果表明,与H.264/ AVC采用的码率控制方法相比,提出的模型可使跳帧发生的概率更低,恢复视频的质量更稳 定,实际码率与目标码率之间的偏差更小,同时,还能获得更高的峰值信噪比。     

一种H.264加权预测MAD的码率控制算法

本文提出一种H.264宏块层加权预测MAD值的码率控制算法来提高视频的质量并减少计算的复杂度.在详细分析了时间—空间相关性和物体的运动特征后,当前宏块的平均绝对差值(MAD)通过前一帧时间相关性模型预测的MAD值和由当前帧的空间相关性模型预测的MAD值加权得到.所得到的MAD值更加准确,能适应不同类型帧序列.实验结果表明,与JVT-G012相比,提出的方法在相同条件下码率有所下降,更加接近目标码率.峰值信噪比(PSNR)平均可以提高0.22dB.     

基于图像复杂度及运动信息的码率控制算法

JVT-H017是H.264视频编码标准中采用的码率控制算法提案,但在许多实时场景应用中该算法还存在平均绝对差值(MAD)预测不准确等一些不足.针对现有码率控制技术的缺陷,提出一种改进的基本单元层码率控制算法.一方面在基于图像复杂度和运动信息的基础上采用了4种时空加权模型预测平均绝对差值,并且采用运动矢量信息对图像复杂程度进行判定;另一方面结合MAD的变化情况分配目标比特.实验结果表明,相比于JVT-H017和一些新的文献算法,改进算法的编码图像峰值信噪比得到了提高,同时实际码率更接近于目标码率,码率控制性能更优越.     

基于复杂度HEVC码率控制的算法优化

针对视频编码标准HEVC(high efficiency video coding)在编码过程中复杂度较高的帧层带宽相对不足而复杂度较低的帧层带宽相对富余之一的问题,为了降低计算复杂度,提高编码质量,本文首先通过研究复杂度在帧层编码过程中对码率分配的影响,提出了由SATD(sum of absolute transformed difference)构建复杂度模型,根据视频内容每帧的复杂程度,通过复杂度模型对帧层进行合理的比特分配。为了建立R-Q曲线,结合最大编码单元(LCU,largest coding unit)层的编码树特点,根据LCU残差信号的混合高斯分布特性进行量化参数(QP)的计算,从而使得输出码率与目标比特相等的同时尽可能提高视频质量。实验结果表明,所提出的算法比HEVC现行码率控制算法性能更加优良并且具有较强的鲁棒性,码率误差在0.01%以内,PSNR增益平均可达0.21dB。     

基于神经网络的量化参数预测研究

在视频有损压缩编码中,量化是为达到压缩视频的目的,将原信号值映射到较小取值范围的过程。一个合适的量化参数(QP)可以在增加压缩效率的同时平衡视频质量和编码复杂度。现有的码率控制算法对运动剧烈及存在场景切换的连续帧控制不精确,视频PSNR值波动大。本文提出一种基于神经网络的视频量化参数选择,利用已编码帧信息对当前帧的量化参数计算进行调整。神经网络模型选取当前帧的目标比特、当前帧的MAD和前一帧编码的QP和实际比特数作为输入,输出值经过反归一化及取整处理对视频进行量化。实验表明,编码时使用该方法进行与H.264/AVC的标准参考软件JM14.2相比,在保证码率精确度和平均PSNR值基本不变的情况下,减小了PSNR的波动。     

基于SSIM的HEVC帧内编码率失真优化

率失真优化(RDO)是视频编码压缩中的关键技术之 一。传统的率失真优 化技术使用误差平方和(SSE)或绝对差和(SAD)度量失真, 不能获得较好的视觉感知质量。本文针对新一代视频编码标准高效视频编码(H EVC)帧内编码RDO,提出了一种基于结构相似度(SSIM)度量失真的 RDO方法。首先,根据HEVC编码树形单元(CTU)结构设计了基于SSIM的失真计算方法; 然后,提出了一种基于量化器推导的码率-量化步长(R-Δ)模型和一种基于统计分析的失 真 -量化参数(DSSIM-QP)模型,用于求取拉格朗日乘数;最终,使用多QP优化方法求 取模 型参数。实验表明,相对于HEVC 传统的RDO,针对全I帧(即所有帧都为帧内编码)固定QP编码和多QP优化编 码,在相同的SSIM条 件下,码率分别平均降低8.4%和13.9%左右,同时编码复杂度分别平均增加约3%和2%。     

一种新的H.264/AVC码率控制算法

码率控制可以有效提高H.264视频压缩的图像传输质量。本文在JM模型的JVT-H017码率控制方案基础上,提出一种新的码率控制方法。该方法首先对原有的平均绝对差值(MAD)线性预测方法进行改进,提出新的三维MAD预测模型,以提高对图像基本单元复杂度的准确预测;在此基础上,采用自适应目标比特分配方法,实现自适应的码率控制。实验结果表明,与已有的基于线性MAD预测的方法相比,文章方法具有更好的码率控制性能,从而有效提高了H.264视频压缩算法的图像传输质量。     

基于H.264的码率控制算法研究与改进

码率控制作为H.264中的关键技术,在参考软件Joint Model(JM)中已给出其算法.由于JM算法采用线性模型预测MAD,运算量较大且存在一定的误差,为此提出了新的加权预测模型,同时在原算法基础上增加了宏块层码率控制策略.仿真结果显示,采用改进算法的H.264编码器在取得更低比特率的同时还有效提高了PSNR.     

H.264结构相似性最优的宏块层码率控制算法

传统码率控制(RC)大多以客观失真作为失真度量,无法得到最优的主观质量。该文将基于结构相似(SSIM)的主观失真用于H.264视频编码的率失真优化和码率控制,提出了一种SSIM最优的宏块(MB)层码率控制(RC)算法。首先提出了一种经验型的SSIM线性失真模型,并结合改进的二次码率-量化(R-Q)模型用Lagrange乘子法得到了SSIM最优的MB层量化步长的闭式解。实验结果表明:该文算法相比客观质量最优的MB层RC算法JVT-O016更好地编码了图像结构信息,得到了更好的主观质量。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks