丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂及研究进展

简要介绍了丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的组成、性能,综述了丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的研究进展,最后对其以后的研究提出了建议。     

前景广阔的新型复鞣材料——丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂研究综述与展望

本文综述了国内外研究人员对丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的研究情况;对我国进行丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂研究方向提出了自己的看法。     

丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的组成、类型、特点、合成方法及其与胶原的作用机理

本文对丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的组成、类型、特点、合成方法及其与胶原的作用机理等方面进行了系统地综述 ,举例说明了丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂在制革生产中的应用。     

丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的合成、应用及作用机理

本文对丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的研究进展进行了综述，阐述了其合成与改性的基本原理和方法及其与皮胶原的相互作用机理，举例说明了丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂在制革生产中的应用。     

丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂合成与应用

对丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂进行了全面综述，详细讨论了丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的发展历史、结构与性能的关系、合成方法与工艺、与皮胶原的作用机理和在制革中的应用等五个方面。     

丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的粘度与应用性能的相关性研究

利用旋转式粘度计对ＨＦＴ系列丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的动力粘度进行了测定,并研究了该类聚合物鞣剂的动力粘度与其应用性能的相关性。     

聚合物鞣剂复鞣

在过去十年中,水溶的聚合物已广泛地用作各种皮革的复鞣助剂.这些聚合物称谓丙烯酸合成鞣剂或聚合物鞣剂,基于这些材料有助于提高浸酸裸皮的收缩温度这个事实.具有与未鞣制胶原结合能力的丙烯酸类合成鞣剂中,最主要的是聚甲基丙烯酸酯类.除了包括甲基丙烯酸产品外,主要是含羧基的聚合物鞣剂,尽管它仅有一个可与天然胶原有亲和力的羧基,但是,上述聚合物可固定在铬革上或固定在用     

丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的Mannich反应改性研究

对丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂P(AA-AN)的Mannich反应基本条件(如胺的种类、醛胺比例、反应的pH值等)探索之后,进行了两轮正交试验,优选出Mannich改性的最佳方案并对所得改性产品(ASF)的基本性能进行了表征.通过对改性产品(ASF)的1H-NMR、13C-NMR及IR谱图分析证明丙烯酸类聚合物(P(AA-AN))羧基α-H发生了Mannich反应.由ASF的应用试验结果可以看出该鞣剂除仍保持改性前聚合物鞣剂所具有的良好填充性能和明显的选择填充性能外,还提高了坯革的着色性能.该鞣剂的综合应用效果较好.     

丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂的Mannich反应改性研究(续)

对丙烯酸类聚合物鞣剂 P(AA- AN)的 Mannich反应基本条件 (如胺的种类、醛胺比例、反应的 p H值等 )探索之后 ,进行了两轮正交试验 ,优选出 Mannich改性的最佳方案并对所得改性产品 (ASF)的基本性能进行了表征。通过对改性产品 (ASF)的 1H- NMR、13 C- NMR及 IR谱图分析证明 :丙烯酸类聚合物 (P(AA- AN) )羧基︿- H发生了 Mannich反应。由 ASF的应用试验结果可以看出 :该鞣剂除仍保持改性前聚合物鞣剂所具有的良好填充性能和明显的选择填充性能外 ,还提高了坯革的着色性能。该鞣剂的综合应用效果较好。     

柔软型聚合物鞣剂

柔软型聚合物鞣剂是马来酸酐衍生物与丙烯酸类单体在水溶液中经自由基聚合而制得的水溶性复鞣剂,是丙烯酸树脂鞣剂和苯乙烯－马来酸酐共聚物鞣剂的换代产品。１　性能特点（１）克服了丙烯酸树脂鞣剂易使皮革板硬和粒面发脆的缺点和苯乙烯－马来酸酐共聚物成本较高及产品水溶性、耐光性不佳的缺陷。（２）该鞣剂可赋予皮革特别柔软和丰满的手感,用其复鞣填充的革手感舒适。（３）该柔软型鞣剂分子中活性基团多,能同胶原蛋白和铬鞣革形成牢固结合。（４）能促进皮革对铬的吸收,增加革中铬含量,减少铬污染。（５）有良好的选择性填充作用…     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the