长纤维增强聚丙烯制备过程中纤维的断裂和分散

在长纤维增强热塑性塑料在线配混技术基础上,研究了长纤维在深螺槽挤出过程中断裂和分散的情况。研究发现,随着纤维含量的增加,基体黏度的增大,纤维直径的减小,纤维长度和分散度逐渐下降。随着螺杆转速的提高,加料速率的减小,螺槽深度的变浅,纤维断裂严重,而纤维分散度得以改善。纤维在挤出过程中发生随机断裂,设备-纤维之间的相互作用是纤维断裂的主要因素。     

抗菌纤维及其织物的加工技术

介绍了各类常用抗菌剂及其作用机理,从实际生产应用的角度对抗菌纤维的生产工艺与织物的抗菌整理方法进行了详实的分类,并对目前抗菌纤维及其织物的加工技术作了分析与探讨。     

Processing and Structure Relationships in Electrospinning of Ceramic Fiber Systems

During the last years, several groups across the world have concentrated on the adaptation and further development of electrospinning (e-spinning) to enable ceramic fiber synthesis. Thus far, more than 20 ceramic systems have been synthesized as micro- and nanofibers. These fibers can be amorphous, polycrystalline, dense, porous, or hollow. This article reviews the experimental and theoretical basis of ceramic e-spinning. Furthermore, it introduces an expanded electro hydrodynamic (EHD) theory that allows the prediction of fired fiber diameter for lanthanum cuprate fibers. It is hypothesized that this expanded EHD theory is applicable to most ceramic e-spinning systems. Furthermore, electroceramic nanofibers produced via e-spinning are presented in detail along with an overview of electrospun ceramic fibers.     

沥青基活性炭纤维静态吸附性能研究

不同基体的活性炭纤维（PACF、VACF）,通过静态吸附乙醚、丁酮、CCl4等气体,考察相当吸碘值、相当收率的不同基体ACF的吸附量、吸附速率情况。结果表明,PACF吸附量和吸附速率较VACF有较大的优势。     

聚乙烯醇纤维在水泥基复合材料中的分散性表征及调控

为了建立聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维在水泥基复合材料(FRCC)中的分散性表征技术和调控方法,采用荧光光谱仪和荧光显微镜+图像分析软件分别对PVA纤维的荧光特性及其在FRCC中的荧光图像进行获取和分析,再研究搅拌工艺、纤维长径比及体积掺量、分散剂对PVA纤维分散性的影响。结果表明:PVA纤维最佳激发和发射波长范围分别为415~460 nm及480~540 nm,荧光图像获取时应选择绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)滤波器;基于荧光图像分析,建立荧光分析技术,利用纤维分散系数和有效利用率两个评价指标对PVA纤维的分散性能进行定量表征;采用同掺法搅拌6 min后,再掺入分散剂可使PVA纤维(长度12 mm、直径27μm、体积掺量0.3%)在FRCC中的有效利用率较基准提高了32.9%。     

明胶生产过程中的微生物控制

随着国家对食品安全管控的加强,明胶的微生物指标越来越受到明胶生产企业以及客户的重视。一旦微生物超标,将不利于产品的卫生安全,甚至给人们的健康带来潜在的危害。本文围绕明胶生产过程中易被微生物污染的环节,探讨了明胶生产过程中的微生物防控技术,为提高明胶的食用安全性提供参考。     

白色涤纶导电纤维的纺丝工艺

采用复合纺丝的方法,制备了纤维电阻≤109Ω/cm、截面为一字形与三点形、规格为22 dtex/3 f与55 dtex/6 f的白色涤纶导电纤维。对导电母粒、纤维截面、可纺性与纤维性能等方面进行了探讨。试验结果表明:较低熔融指数的导电母粒具有较好的可纺性能;不同截面形状的纤维表面光洁度不一样,会影响丝筒退绕张力;纺丝温度对纺丝组件的出丝情况与纤维截面的影响较为明显,进而影响可纺性能及纤维性能指标。最终,工业化试生产制备的纤维的可纺性及性能指标优良,具有较好的工业化前景。     

Processing and Characterization of Jute Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymers

Jute fibers were investigated to verify their possible application in reinforcement of thermoplastics. A laboratory press was modified and laminates were produced using polymer films of LDPE, HDPE, PE copolymer, and PP as interlayers. Variations of the processing parameters were carried out in order to find optimal adjustment. High molding temperature leads to a decrease of mechanical properties and water absorption ability of the composites. The effect of water treatment on mechanical properties was also studied.     

羽绒棉纤维的性能测试及其静态热性能研究

测试了羽绒棉纤维(细旦涤纶)的直径、纤度、强力,分析了纤维的应力松弛和蠕变性能对时间的依赖性及定伸长变形性,比较了其与木棉纤维的静态热性能,结果表明:羽绒棉纤维纤度平均值为0.8 dtex;60 s内应力松弛和蠕变率增加,对时间依赖性强;羽绒棉纤维的塑性变形率高;与木棉纤维相比,羽绒棉纤维在较高温度区域的导热性比木棉纤维的好,而降温速率明显低于木棉纤维。     

Environmental Effects on the Static Fatigue of Silica Optical Fiber

The static fatigue properties of silica optical fiber are measured in 90°C aqueous environment for various pH s in the range 0 to 14 and for distilled water. The effect of a UV-curable urethane acrylate protective coating is evaluated by directly comparing coated and bare fiber. It is found that both higher pH and (at long times) the presence of the protective coating increase the fatigue rate. Enhanced fatigue is observed in which the stress corrosion parameter, n, is significantly less than the accepted value of ∼20 measured from short-term experiments.     

浮法玻璃气泡的产生与控制

气泡是浮法玻璃的主要缺陷之一,在浮法玻璃生产中,除退火以外,其他任何一个小环节的不稳定,都有可能产生气泡。总结气泡规律,利用岩相分析准确快速判断气泡来源,采取措施,尽快提高玻璃产量质量,成为生产过程中的一个重要课题。     

Processing of Oxide Composites with Three-Dimensional Fiber Architectures

Fabrication of oxide fiber composites is accompanied by the development of drying cracks in the matrix following slurry infiltration. The cracks are a result of the inherent shrinkage in particle compacts during drying coupled with the mechanical constraints imposed on the matrix by the fibers. The effects are most pronounced in systems with three-dimensional fiber architectures. A mitigation strategy based on the addition of coarse matrix particles to the fine particulates has been devised and demonstrated. Among the various implementation strategies explored, the most effective involves combining the two particle types (coarse and fine) into a single slurry and coinfiltrating the slurry through sequential vibration- and vacuum-assisted processes. Regardless of the infiltration route, the SiC particles have no apparent detrimental effect on the fiber bundle properties. Additionally, they increase the through-thickness thermal diffusivity by 50%–100%.     

The Processing and Characterization of Polyester/Natural Fiber Composites

The mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) and bamboo fiber (BF) composites were evaluated. Composites containing maleic anhydride-grafted PCL (PCL-g-MA/BF) exhibited noticeably improved mechanical properties due to better compatibility between the two components in comparison to PCL/BF. The dispersion of BF in the PCL-g-MA matrix was clearly more homogeneous due to the creation of branched and cross-linked macromolecules via reactions between anhydride carboxyl groups in PCL-g-MA and hydroxyl groups in BF. The tensile strength and elongation of the PCL-g-MA/BF composites at break was considerably greater than that of PCL/BF composites. In a soil environment, PCL/BF biodegraded slightly faster than PCL-g-MA/BF. Finally, the PCL-g-MA/BF composites not only provided a plateau tensile strength at break up to 40 wt% BF but also provided more easily processing properties.     

碳纤维增强复合材料加工技术研究进展

为顺应新时期工业,建筑业,航天技术业的快速发展,技术革新和新材料应用已为社会发展的决定因素,也为人类技术文明走向更高的阶段提供了基本保障。在新材料逐渐取代传统材料的大背景下,碳纤维增强复合材料也得到了广泛应用,使得各行各业都面临着新的发展机遇。介绍了碳纤维复合材料的多种加工方式,旨在了解各技术方法不同情况下的应用,通过深入分析,研究碳纤维复合材料更为科学的加工技术。     

离子交换纤维对银杏叶黄酮静态吸附和解吸的研究

在静态条件下,用强碱性阴离子交换纤维分离纯化银杏叶中的黄酮。采用正交实验法研究了不同条件对吸附的影响,并分别研究了解吸剂配比、调节荆酸度和温度对解吸的影响。结果表明,离子交换纤维对银杏叶黄酮具有良好的分离纯化效果,最佳吸附条件为：溶剂为20％乙醇溶液,．黄酮浓度为0．4045mg／mL,温度为70℃,pH值为4,浴比为I：300;最佳解吸条件为：解吸剂为70％乙醇溶液,温度为70℃,酸度调节荆为3mol／L的盐酸,且酸度调节剂与解吸荆的体积比为1：4。     

泡沫铝-钢纤维混凝土静态压缩性能试验研究

为研究静态荷载作用下的泡沫铝-钢纤维混凝土复合结构抗压性能,利用万能试验机分别对泡沫铝孔径为3～6 mm、6～9 mm、9～12 mm,钢纤维掺量(体积分数)为0％、0.5％、1.0％、1.5％的泡沫铝-钢纤维混凝土复合层试件进行压缩性能试验和拌合物性能分析,根据试验数据分析泡沫铝的孔径效应对泡沫铝-钢纤维混凝土复合结...     

静设备接管法兰汇总表自动生成软件的开发

为提高设备详细设计阶段制作法兰接管汇总表的效率和质量,编制自动生成程序。先利用Excel制作接管法兰汇总表模板文件,其次利用Microsoft SQL Server建立接管法兰汇总表相关参数数据库,最后通过C#编程,实现对SQL相关参数信息的查询,Excel表格生成的控制,从而完成接管法兰汇总表的自动生成软件的开发。结果表明,所编制的软件能够完成对接管法兰汇总表的自动生成,生成文件能够满足施工要求。     

化工化纤生产质量控制措施

我国的化纤行业发展历史悠久,是我国工业的重要组成部分,对于拉动我国经济增长,促进人民增收,起着重要的作用。在化工化纤行业中,不仅要提高化纤产量,还要提高化纤的生产质量。化纤质量是化纤行业生存的基石,是化纤行业不断取得进步的重要保障,为了提高化纤生产质量,需要对化纤生产过程进行严格的管控,以增强其质量控制措施。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维生产中静电的产生及解决

通过对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维生产过程的分析,讨论了摩擦产生静电的几种方式及静电的主要来源。结果表明:超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维生产中的静电主要来自于纤维(或冻胶丝)之间的内摩擦,可以通过给纤维上抗静电浴液来消除静电。     

电子纤维张力控制系统研制

本文从缠绕过程出发,介绍了电子张力器的结构和原理,重点分析了张力缓冲装置的原理和作用,研制了以伺服驱动为执行元件,以调节器为核心的电子张力器。