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1.
考虑由一个供应商和一个零售商构成的二级供应链系统,在线性时变需求、产品的零售价格与其存储时间有关、货栈容量有限且不允许缺货的情形下,研究了供应商如何利用全数量折扣计划来激励零售商合作从而实现自身利润最大化和供应链系统完美协调的问题。从理论上证明和分析了模型最优解的存在性,同时提供了求解最优解的简单方法,并通过算例对上述结论进行佐证。  相似文献   

2.
    
In this paper, the issue of supply chain coordination (SCC) in a buyer–seller supply chain (SC) with an order size constraint is investigated. The buyer keeps safety stock to cope with lead time demand uncertainties from customers’ side. Unsatisfied demand will be lost. Therefore the whole SC sales volume depends on the service level provided by the buyer. By proposing a time-based temporary price discount in each replenishment cycle, the seller intends to convince the buyer to optimize its safety stock globally. Maximum and minimum discounts, which are acceptable for both parties, are determined and an appropriate discount schedule is derived. A set of numerical experiments are conducted to show performance of the proposed model. The results show that the safety stock coordination is profitable; the proposed model is capable of coordinating supply chain. In addition, the model can share extra benefits between SC members fairly.  相似文献   

3.
This study considers a two-echelon competitive supply chain consisting of two rivaling retailers and one common supplier with trade credit policy. The retailers hope that they can enhance their market demand by offering a credit period to the customers and the supplier also offers a credit period to the retailers. We assume that the market demand of the products of one retailer depends not only on their own market price and offering a credit period to the customers, but also on the market price and offering a credit period of the other retailer. The supplier supplies the product with a common wholesale price and offers the same credit period to the retailers. We study the model under a centralised (integrated) case and a decentralised (Vertical Nash) case and compare them numerically. Finally, we investigate the model by the collected numerical data.  相似文献   

4.
    
This paper considers a two‐echelon channel in which a monopolistic manufacturer supplies a single product to multiple heterogeneous retailers who are in separate markets. The present paper studies the problem of how the manufacturer in a manufacturer‐Stackelberg game designs a unified quantity‐discount pricing scheme to improve the whole channel's profit as well as each partner's profit. Considered in the paper are two types of unified quantity‐discount pricing schemes: the regular quantity‐discount pricing scheme and the incremental volume discount pricing scheme. Each of the two types of schemes includes a single price‐break discount policy and a non‐linear quantity discount policy. Optimal solutions are derived and numerical examples presented to illustrate the efficiency of each discount policy.  相似文献   

5.
随着酒店市场竞争的日趋激烈,酒店为了提高入住率,纷纷与第三方推广商开展合作.酒店如何通过与推广商合作来提高利润率成为酒店业重点关注的话题.本文分析市场上存在一个占主导地位的酒店以及和酒店合作的两家推广商,利用博弈论构建了酒店和推广商的利润函数模型.为此,首先分析了分散决策下博弈三方的最优策略,进而分析了集中决策下三方的最优策略,并刻画了影响酒店和推广商最优策略的影响因素.并进一步提出了能实现整体最优并能实现双方Pareto改善的协调契约.本文的研究发现以下现象:1)酒店的价格增加,两推广商的利润均有提升;2)当推广商间的竞争激烈程度增大时,推广商会压低利润水平并提升推广力度.从而,酒店的利润会不断提升,并且供应链的协调程度也在不断增加.数值例子也验证了所设计的协调契约对整体协调的有效性.  相似文献   

6.
非对称信息下供需链中供应商的回购决策分析   总被引:30,自引:5,他引:25  
为了解决供需链中下游实体的成本是私有信息的情况下,上游供应商的回购决策问题,运用委托—代理模型研究了供应商的最优回购策略,得到了供应商的最优决策方案,与对称信息的情况相比,信息结构的非对称导致下游实体的订货量低于系统的最优订货量,使得供需链无法达到协调,供需链的总利润和供应商的利润降低,零售商的利润增加,在非对称信息下,供应商提供的契约菜单值随着下游实体成本的增加而增大。  相似文献   

7.
针对非常规突发事件未引起价格敏感系数发生变化和引起价格敏感系数发生变化两种情形,通过考虑配件供应商的恢复时间、风险储备程度、所在国汇率和市场价格敏感系数的变化以及制造商与销售商之间存在数量折扣契约等因素,研究了集权式与分权式决策情形下的三级组装型跨国供应链的最优决策问题; 分析了数量折扣契约的变化对最优决策的影响,证明了数量折扣契约的抗突发性;通过数值模拟讨论了跨国供应链的最优应对决策。  相似文献   

8.
供应商损失厌恶情形下组装供应链协调   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
鉴于决策者的风险偏好特性和产品内分工的迅速发展,构建由多个损失厌恶零部件供应商和单个风险中性组装商构成的组装供应链模型,其中各供应商均采用拉式契约向组装商提供一种互补性零部件。首先,给出拉式契约下各节点企业的最优策略,发现拉式契约下各零部件的最优产量均小于集中化情形下的最优产量;然后,通过引入价格补贴策略设计契约协调机制;最后,通过数值分析验证了该契约协调机制的有效性。  相似文献   

9.
张冲  张俊  王海燕 《控制与决策》2019,34(8):1769-1775
为了避免坏账,同时刺激下游零售商订购批量,上游供应商要求零售商采取ACC支付模式(提前支付advance、现金支付cash和延期支付credit).针对顾客资金情况,将顾客分为如下两类:第1类顾客资金充足,顾客会提前支付部分比例的货款,同时获得价格折扣,剩余货款采取延期支付的方式,这类顾客不仅享受价格折扣,同时享受延期支付策略;第2类顾客资金不足,顾客会采取部分货款货到付款,剩余货款采取延期支付的方式,这类顾客仅享受延期支付策略.构建由1个供应商与1个零售商和两类资金情况不同的顾客构成的两层信用支付供应链库存模型,证明最优解的存在性和唯一性.研究表明,零售商可以通过提高销售价格,争取更大的价格折扣,缩短零售商提前支付货款的时间期限,减少提前支付货款的比例等策略,以实现降低其年均成本.  相似文献   

10.
供应商驱动下异质零售商的量折扣协调机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为解决多个异质零售商的订货策略及系统利润分配问题,提出了一种市场年总需求有限情形下的量折扣协调方法。理论分析表明,量折扣策略能保证零售商积极响应合作决策下的最优订货量,并有效提高渠道效益至一体化时的最优水平,供应链成员收益达到pareto改善,实现了供应链系统的完美协调。通过数值算例对上述结论作了进一步释义与分析。  相似文献   

11.
以政府碳排放限额与交易为背景,将决策主体的利他偏好引入到低碳化供应链模型中,分别建立了完全自利下、利他偏好下基于批发价格契约的报童模型,探讨了利他偏好对低碳供应链相关决策及其协调性的影响。通过建立模型和数值分析发现:零售商更倾向于与低碳型制造商合作,零售商的利他偏好能在一定程度上鼓励制造商投资减排,因而制造商更倾向于与利他偏好型零售商合作。在制造商面临碳减排压力下,零售商更应承担起整个供应链的效用责任,除了考虑自身效用外,还需考虑制造商的效用,其利他性应高于制造商,进而推动供应链系统效用的提升。但在批发价格契约下,无论零售商和制造商是否具有利他偏好行为,均不能改变传统供应链的协调性,即不能实现供应链的协调。  相似文献   

12.
段华薇  严余松  张亚东 《控制与决策》2016,31(12):2287-2292
为了分析承担社会责任对物流服务供应链定价决策的影响, 考虑企业社会责任, 分别构建集中和分散决策下的定价博弈模型, 求得供应链最优定价策略和双方所承担的企业社会责任成本. 对比发现, 分散决策下供应链存在效率损失, 进而基于收益共享契约对其进行协调. 研究表明, 考虑企业社会责任和集中决策时, 物流服务供应链总利润更大, 且双方利润都与其社会责任效用因子正相关, 收益共享契约能有效地对物流服务供应链进行协调. 最后通过算例验证了结论的正确性.  相似文献   

13.
突发事件会对基于随机需求的市场产生巨大的波动,造成供应链系统的不稳定,打破原有的协调。为此,构建了突发事件下供应链协调的应对策略,建立了收益共享-两部收费(RS-TT)联合契约。研究表明:突发事件前,联合契约可以实现供应链的协调;突发事件后,原契约不会起协调作用。因此,对原契约及契约参数进行改进,并通过算例分析验证了改进后的契约可以使供应链达到全局最优的状态且具有抗突发事件性。  相似文献   

14.
考虑参照价格效应对双渠道供应链运作的影响,构建制造商和实体店间的Stackelberg博弈模型,探讨参照价格效应影响实体店销售价格和网店直销价格的机理,并在此基础上设计一个改善供应链运作的协调机制.研究结果表明:与集中决策模式相比,分散决策模式下的供应链整体利润水平会降低;参照价格效应的存在能够缓解渠道间价格的竞争程度,提升供应链的运作效率;合理设计的两部定价契约能够作为协调双渠道供应链的有效机制.  相似文献   

15.
价格折扣和运输折扣下供应链库存—运输优化模型   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
首先考虑了价格折扣和运输折扣前销售商和供应商各自利润最大的库存—运输模型,然后建立了价格折扣和运输折扣后满足帕雷托有效性,使供应链整体利润最大的库存—运输优化模型,并结合算例说明模型的有效性.  相似文献   

16.
针对干扰事件下由单个制造商和单个零售商组成的闭环供应链系统, 建立制造商为主导的Stackelberg博弈模型, 首先分析了数量折扣契约对闭环供应链的协调作用, 然后分析了数量折扣契约应对干扰事件的协调作用。结果表明, 当干扰事件引起市场规模、再制造成本、回收努力同时扰动时, 原契约具有一定鲁棒性; 当扰动超出一定范围时, 原有的协调被打破; 为此, 给出改进的数量折扣契约具有抗干扰事件性, 并讨论闭环供应链成员的最优利润分配策略, 最后通过数值实验来验证结论的有效性。  相似文献   

17.
    
Generally, in the business world, it is observed that suppliers give different kinds of benefits to retailers due to advance payment. One of the popular benefits is instant cash discount due to advance payment. If a retailer pays off his total purchase cost before receiving the products, then he receives a certain percentage of cash discount instantly. However, if the retailer pays off a certain fraction of the total purchasing cost, then price discount is given only at the time of receiving the products while paying the remaining amount of the total purchasing cost. Using this concept, this paper formulates, under both cases of advance payment (full or partial), an inventory model for deteriorating products where shortages are allowed and demand function is considered as price and stock dependent. The closed‐form solutions for each case are presented and two numerical examples are solved. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is also performed to show the effects of advance payment with discount facility.  相似文献   

18.
    
This article will formulate and solve an inventory system with non-instantaneous deteriorating items and price-sensitive demand. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal selling price and the length of replenishment cycle such that the total profit per unit time has a maximum value for the retailer. We first establish a proper model for a mathematical formulation. Then we develop several theoretical results and provide the decision-maker with an algorithm to find the optimal solution. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the solution procedure, and a sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to major parameters is carried out.  相似文献   

19.
柳键  舒斯亮 《控制与决策》2015,30(1):98-104
针对服务集成商公平关切行为, 建立了服务提供商和服务集成商的博弈模型, 分析论证了批发价契约无法实现服务供应链协调的问题, 探讨了“成本共担+收入共享” 组合式契约协调的有效性. 研究结果表明, 成本共担契约和收入共享契约都无法实现服务供应链的协调, 而组合式契约不仅能有效协调服务供应链, 且协调具有一定柔性, 但随着服务集成商公平关切程度的增加, 服务提供商与服务集成商的协调空间变小, 协调柔性减弱, 且对服务提供商更不利.  相似文献   

20.
    
Product perishability is an important aspect of inventory control. To minimise the effect of deterioration, retailers in supermarkets, departmental store managers, etc. always want higher inventory depletion rate. In this article, we propose a dynamic pre- and post-deterioration cumulative discount policy to enhance inventory depletion rate resulting low volume of deterioration cost, holding cost and hence higher profit. It is assumed that demand is a price and time dependent ramp-type function and the product starts to deteriorate after certain amount of time. Unlike the conventional inventory models with pricing strategies, which are restricted to a fixed number of price changes and to a fixed cycle length, we allow the number of price changes before as well as after the start of deterioration and the replenishment cycle length to be the decision variables. Before start of deterioration, discounts on unit selling price are provided cumulatively in successive pricing cycles. After the start of deterioration, discounts on reduced unit selling price are also provided in a cumulative way. A mathematical model is developed and the existence of the optimal solution is verified. A numerical example is presented, which indicates that under the cumulative effect of price discounting, dynamic pricing policy outperforms static pricing strategy. Sensitivity analysis of the model is carried out.  相似文献   

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