古建琉璃作技术（五）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（六）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（三）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（十二）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（八）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（十）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（一）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（二）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（十一）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（四）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（九）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点作较系统的介绍。     

古建琉璃作技术（七）

中国琉璃业有悠久的历史，琉璃生产遍及祖国南北，琉璃瓦件和建筑饰物丰富多采，风格各异。本文就我国古代建筑琉璃技术的发展、明清屋面琉璃瓦件的形状与规格、琉璃瓦屋面（硬山、悬山、庑殿、歇山、卷棚、攒尖）的构造、屋面琉璃工程的操作工艺及琉璃构筑物（影壁、牌楼等）的构造与施工要点做较系统的介绍。     

A methodology for obtaining spatiotemporal information of the vehicles on bridges based on computer vision

Spatiotemporal information of the vehicles on a bridge is important evidence for reflecting the stress state and traffic density of the bridge. A methodology for obtaining the information is proposed based on computer vision technology, which contains the detection by Faster region‐based convolutional neural network (Faster R‐CNN), multiple object tracking, and image calibration. For minimizing the detection time, the ZF (Zeiler & Fergus) model with five convolutional layers is selected as the shared part between Region Proposal Network and Fast R‐CNN in Faster R‐CNN. An image data set including 1,694 images is established about eight types of vehicles for training Faster R‐CNN. Combined with the detection of each frame of the video, the methods of multiple object tracking and image calibration are developed for acquiring the vehicle parameters, including the length, number of axles, speed, and the lane that the vehicle is in. The method of tracking is mainly based on the judgment of the distances between the vehicle bounding boxes in virtual detection region. As for image calibration, it is based on the moving standard vehicles whose lengths are known, which can be regarded as the 3D template to calculate the vehicle parameters. After acquiring the vehicles' parameters, the spatiotemporal information of the vehicles can be obtained. The proposed system has a frame rate of 16 fps and only needs two cameras as the input device. The system is successfully applied on a double tower cable‐stayed bridge, and the identification accuracies of the types and number of axles are about 90 and 73% in the virtual detection region, and the speed errors of most vehicles are less than 6%.     

Solar radiation on domed roofs

Solar radiation received and absorbed by four domed roofs was estimated and compared with that of a flat roof. The domed roofs all had the same base areas, and equal to that of the flat roof. One of the roofs considered was the dome of the St. Peter's Church in Rome. Compared with the other roofs considered, this dome had a higher aspect ratio. It was found that all domed roofs received more solar radiation than the flat roof. Considering glazed tiles to cover a selected dome in Iran and the dome of the St. Peter's Church, it was found that the solar radiation absorbed by these roofs is reduced appreciably. In the case of the dome of St. Peter's Church, the amount of radiation absorbed was roughly equal to that absorbed by the comparable flat roof in the warm months. In the case of the glazed reference dome located in Yazd, Iran (a city with very high solar radiation), the radiation absorbed was less than that of flat roof at all times. In addition to aesthetics, this may be a reason for employing glazed tiles to cover the domes of all mosques, shrines, and other large buildings in Iran.     

谈紫禁城建筑中琉璃瓦的运用

对紫禁城建筑中琉璃瓦的运用方法和运用实例进行了分析,并对紫禁城建筑中琉璃瓦的运用原则进行了总结,指出在严格遵循等级制度的基础上,充分考虑建筑使用功能和造型美观的要求,采用多种颜色、多种形制的琉璃瓦和其他琉璃制品,不仅区别了建筑的级别,而且是中国皇家建筑多样统一美学风格的体现。     

Thermal performance evaluation of domed roofs

Domed roofs have been used in Iran and many other countries to cover large buildings such as mosques, shrines, churches, schools. They have been also employed in other buildings like bazaars or market places in Iran due to their favorable thermal performance. The aim of this research is to study about domed roofs thermal performance in order to determine how they can be helpful in reducing the maximum air temperature of inside buildings during the warm seasons considering all parameters like air flow around them, solar radiation, radiation heat transfer with the sky and the ground as well as some openings on the building. The results of the study show that the thermal performance of the investigated domed roof is better than the building with flat roof, particularly when the dome is covered with glazed tiles. In addition to their aesthetic values, domes covered with glazed tiles have thermal benefits of keeping the inside air of these buildings relatively cool during the summer. Moreover, openings cause passive air flow inside building, which is helpful for human comfort.     

Automated Analysis of Mobile LiDAR Data for Component‐Level Damage Assessment of Building Structures during Large Coastal Storm Events

Rapid assessment of building damages due to natural disasters is a critical element in disaster management. Although airborne‐based remote sensing techniques have been successfully applied in many postdisaster scenarios, automated building component‐level damage assessment with terrestrial/mobile LiDAR data is still challenging to achieve due to lack of reliable segmentation methods for damaged buildings. In this research, a novel building segmentation and damage detection approach is proposed to realize automated component‐level damage assessment for major building envelop elements including wall, roof, balcony, column, and handrail. The proposed approach first conducts semantic segmentation of building point cloud data using a rule‐based approach. The detected building components are then evaluated to determine if the components are damaged. The authors applied this method on a mobile LiDAR data set collected after Hurricane Sandy. The results demonstrate that the approach is capable of achieving 96% and 86% parsing accuracy for wall façades and roof facets, and obtain 82% and 78% of detection accuracy for damaged walls and roof facets.     

湘南传统建筑屋面瓦作营造工艺研究

本文探究湘南地区的传统屋面瓦作营造工艺。从技术角度研究传统民居屋面瓦作构造做法,主要以屋面坡度、屋面形式及铺设方式、屋脊构造、屋面曲线及屋面交接部位构造等五个方面分别进行阐述其相关的构件与构造做法及工艺特点。通过文献研究、实地调研、现场测绘及走访当地传统匠人,真实地记录传统建筑屋面瓦作技术构造方面的经验与手法,分析整理总结出湘南传统屋面瓦作营造工艺的特点。     

承德小布达拉宫白台屋面维修工艺

承德小布达拉宫白台原屋面因裂隙、根穿而渗漏,采用SBS改性沥青防水卷材＋PRRM抗根防水卷材＋隔离层等措施进行抗根防水处理,并采用有机硅憎水剂“万可涂”对其上的琉璃瓦等进行喷涂维修,收到良好效果,为古建筑屋面修复工程探索出了一条新路。