甘谷驿油田唐114井区注水方案研究

甘谷驿油田实施注水开发以来,注水区油井产量递减明显低于非注水区.针对水淹水窜、注采参数匹配和注水方案选择难题,对甘谷驿油田唐114井区注水方案及注采参数进行了研究.通过注采参数优化,建立非对称不稳定注水方案,设计正交实验,优选出了适合于研究区的非对称异步周期注水最优注采方案.     

多重防反吐防砂注水工艺管柱的设计与试验

注入水反吐是导致疏松油藏注水井油层出砂的根本原因,为此设计了一种多重防反吐防砂注水工艺管柱。现场试验表明,注水井停注后,该工艺管柱阻止了地层注入水的反吐,防止了地层出砂,保证了水井停注后的再次正常生产。     

低渗透油田注水政策的研究与制定

大庆西部外围地区特低渗透扶余油层具有埋藏深、厚度薄、砂体零散的特点,本文针对低渗透油田不同的区块具有不同的沉积特征和渗流规律,并且无相邻区块成功注水经验可借鉴,开发初期注水时机、注采比和注水强度难以确定。该注水政策是利用数值模拟技术,在微观渗流特征、沉积微相研究基础上,通过多套方案对比和分砂体、分注采关系的研究,确定了注水时机、注采比和注水强度。研究结果表明,同步注水采出程度较高,同时不同的砂体和注采关系确定了不同的注采比和注水强度,有效的延缓了物性较好的油层的见水时间和有效控制产量递减速度,开发两年见注入水井数,占全油田油井总数的3.4%,递减率为18.63%,低于已开发的同类油田。     

曙1-6-12块不稳定注水技术研究及矿场实践

曙光油田曙1-6-12块进入"双高"开发阶段,根据对开发矛盾和潜力的分析,主砂体部位开展周期注水,应用配套提液等油水井措施,断层边部水驱死角恢复长停井完善注采井网,提高了油藏开发效果。     

低渗透油田精细开发调整技术

本文针对低渗透油田目前存在现井网对砂体控制程度较低,现井网注采难度大,注水压力上升速度快,单井注入量低,低产井比例大的问题,分析全油田的细分注水现状,确定细分注水界限,总结细分注水效果,同时对低产井成因进行基础分析,同时针对不同类型开展了精细措施调整和措施效果分析,提高单井产量高,改善了油层吸水状况,含水上升得到一定控制,改善了开发效果。     

吴起曾岔油区长6油层注采关系评价

低渗透油层注水见效差,注采井间的注采对应关系一直是评价注水效果的重难点,它的好坏直接关系到油井以及整个油田的产量和含水率,只有清楚注采对应关系,这样才能合理的作出调剖、堵孔、补孔等措施,从而降低油田递减,控制含水率。本研究通过利用油田砂体、沉积相及生产资料分析并结合吸水剖面来研究曾岔油区长6油层注采井间的对应关系,可见油层连片、储层物性较好,井网完善的井区注采对应关系好,水驱控制程度较高,而差油层区、井网不完善的边部、油层数多射孔不完善的区域水驱控制程度和动用程度低,是今后调整的重点。     

塔3井区应用周期注水改善开发效果

敖古拉油田塔3井区是油水同层发育的低渗透油田,常规注水开发效果差。通过对周期注水机理及适用条件的研究,针对该油田的地质特征和开发现状,提出应用周期注水改善油田注水开发效果的方案。实施周期注水两年来,取得了稳油控水的良好效果。说明应用周期注水可以提高水驱波及体积,改善注水开发效果。     

油田理论注水分析图版

使用油田注水分析图版,能确定水井的配注量及最大理论注入量,预测水井不同吸水厚度和污染程度下的日注水量,从而找出影响注水量降低的主要因素,以便采取相应的措施,对于注水井措施前选井及措施后效果预测具有理论上的指导意义,该技术在文南油田文33断块区推广应用,取得了很好的应用效果,推荐措施井的增注有效率达到了95％以上,效果预测符合率达到90以上。     

龙南油田气浸复杂成因机理研究

该油田在钻井及取心过程中未发现储层存在天然裂缝,但在油田注水开发过程中,由于注水+静水柱压力(35.6-40MPa)远高于油层破裂压力(27 Mpa)储层经压裂改造后,部分东西向注水井井排上的油井水淹,出现东西向裂缝,在小层砂体连通较好的PⅠ3层,形成注水井与待钻井之间的通道,由于东侧为断层遮挡,注入水沿裂缝西向推进,并积存在砂体尖灭带附近,形成注水井-岩性蹩压区。     

周期注水开发影响因素探讨

简要分析了周期注水改善注水开发效果的作用机理及影响因素,给出了周期注水的适用条件和评价注水油田转为周期注水的可行性计算公式;渗透率越小周期注水的周期越长、油层越不均质、毛管力适中时、垂直渗透率与水平渗透率之比为0.5时,周期注水能达到最好的效果;应用不对称的短注长采交替工作制度,周期注水的效果最好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.