高透明抗冲击聚苯乙烯树脂的研制 Ⅰ.结构与性能

用自由基接枝聚合法研究了不同增韧剂制备透明抗冲聚苯乙烯,发现只有采用高苯乙烯含量的丁二烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物作为增韧剂,才能得到透明性好的抗冲击聚苯乙烯。所得高透明抗冲击聚苯乙烯的透光率与K树脂相当,抗冲击性能优于K树脂。     

阻滞阴离子聚合应用I.星形高抗冲聚苯乙烯的制备及其抗冲击性能

采用阻滞阴离子聚合方法,以自制多锂为引发剂,三异丁基铝为阻滞剂,制备了一系列含有星形高抗冲苯乙烯-丁二烯(S-B)二元共聚物的星形高抗冲聚苯乙烯(S-HIPS),考察了聚合物的分子参数、单体配比、组成分布、微观形态结构等对其抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明:S-HIPS由橡胶相星形丁苯-b-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和树脂相星形聚苯乙烯组成;随着橡胶相含量的增加和树脂相相对分子质量的增大,S-HIPS冲击强度显著提高;当橡胶相质量分数在15.3%时,树脂相相对分子质量为82.6×10~4时,冲击强度高达33.0 kJ/m~2。     

高透明抗冲击聚苯乙烯树脂的研制：I.结构与性能

用自由基接枝聚合法研究了不同增韧剂制备透明抗冲聚苯乙烯，发现只有采用高苯乙烯含量的丁二烯，苯惭烯嵌段共聚物作为增韧剂，才能得到透明好的抗冲击聚苯乙烯，所得高透明抗冲击聚苯乙烯的透光率与Ｋ树脂相当，抗冲击性能优于Ｋ树脂。     

橡胶接枝苯乙烯本体共聚合全程聚合动力学

研究了橡胶含量、引发方式和橡胶种类对橡胶接枝苯乙烯本体共聚合动力学的影响.研究发现,橡胶链活性中心浓度较低,橡胶对引发剂自由基的笼蔽效应和对自由基的包埋是化学引发时低顺式聚丁二烯橡胶加入后聚合速率下降的主要原因;随着橡胶中苯乙烯结构单元含量的增加,橡胶的加入对接枝聚合速率的影响逐渐降低;当橡胶的黏度较高时,橡胶加入后体系的凝胶效应将导致聚合速率的增加;与热引发聚合相比,化学引发时接枝聚苯乙烯和包埋聚苯乙烯的含量较高,故其速率的下降更明显,且在相转变点出现转折点.     

苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯橡胶接枝苯乙烯聚合动力学

以自制的4种苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯橡胶(SIBR)为增韧组分,采用本体聚合工艺,以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂进行苯乙烯接枝聚合以制备高抗冲聚苯乙烯,考察了用量、相对分子质量及分子链结构不同的SIBR对苯乙烯聚合速率的影响,并比较了用不同橡胶改性聚苯乙烯时的聚合动力学行为。结果表明,SIBR的用量越大聚合速率越小,相对分子质量越大则聚合速率越大;按SIBR分子链序列结构的不同聚合速率还呈现出从大到小依次为线型嵌段SIBR、线型无规SIBR、星形嵌段SIBR及星形无规SIBR的规律。用不同橡胶增韧聚苯乙烯时的聚合速率从大到小依次为SIBR、丁苯橡胶及顺丁橡胶。苯乙烯的表观接枝率随着SIBR用量或其相对分子质量的增大而减小,且远大于使用顺丁橡胶。     

水油乳液预聚再悬浮聚合的高抗冲聚苯乙烯

现在市场上大多数高抗冲聚苯乙烯都是由橡胶—苯乙烯溶液共聚而成的。橡胶—苯乙烯溶液在有搅拌的本体预聚中转化12—40％,然后或者在不搅拌的情况下进行本体聚合,或者在带搅拌的水中进行悬浮聚合。共聚过程中搅拌程度对最终产品的性质有深远影响。高速搅拌所得的产品中凝胶含量低,橡胶粒度小。反之,如果聚合过程中搅拌速度较低,则所得产品中的凝胶含量高,橡胶粘度也大。橡胶粒度和凝胶含量是决定高抗聚苯乙烯物理性能的两     

红外光谱法对苯乙烯共聚物的鉴别

聚苯乙烯以其价格低廉,综合性能良好得到广泛的应用,但由于聚苯乙烯抗冲击强度低、脆性大、耐试剂性能差等,限制了其应用。为了改善聚苯乙烯的综合性能,常用其他单体或树脂和苯乙烯共聚进行改性,然而不同类型苯乙烯共聚物的结构、性能、价格差别很大,为了更好的了解鉴定不同类型的苯乙烯共聚物,文章通过红外光谱法,对比几种常见的苯乙烯共聚物红外光谱图特征峰的差异,可以明显区分各种苯乙烯共聚物。     

ABMS树脂的制备及性能

采用乳液聚合法制备丙烯腈-丁二烯-(α-甲基苯乙烯)接枝共聚物(ABMS)和α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(α-MSAN),再将ABMS与α-MSAN熔融共混制备了ABMS树脂,并研究了其力学性能、热性能与形态结构。结果表明:ABMS树脂的韧性随着橡胶相含量的增加而逐渐增大,拉伸强度先增加后减少;引入α-甲基苯乙烯可以改善丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂的稳定性;橡胶相含量的增加能使ABMS树脂的耐热性能提高;橡胶相含量较高的ABMS树脂从深层次发生断裂,其抗冲击性能较好。     

聚苯乙烯在紫外光作用下的老化

苯乙烯连续本体聚合能制得只含有少量单体的高分子化合物(用分光光度法测定)。由于本体聚苯乙烯的纯度很高,它在水的作用后还能保持介电性能。它广泛地用在以压铸、压制、挤出等方法来制造的各种各样的制品中。在光和热的作用下,聚苯乙烯制品发黄、变脆、表面出现裂纹,强度和介电指标降低。单体(苯乙烯)和聚合时的低分子产物从聚苯乙     

SIBR增韧PS的微观结构

采用透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了苯乙烯-丁二烯-异戊二烯三元橡胶(SIBR)增韧制备的具有超高冲击强度的高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)的微观结构,发现SIBR增韧HIPS的形态结构不是传统的海一岛结构,而是一种形状规整的立体网络结构。冲击断面照片显示SIBR增韧主要以剪切屈服为主．从而增强了材料的抗冲击性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。