温湿度对黑药吸湿性与潮解性的影响

黑药吸湿或发生潮解后，会影响其燃烧性能，造成点火困难，燃速下降，火焰力减弱，严重时甚至不能被点燃，给使用性能带来种种不利影响。黑药的吸湿与潮解，在很大的程度上决定着炮弹或装有黑药元件的使用可靠性和储存寿命。本文研究了温度和空气相对湿度对黑药的吸湿与潮解的影响。     

高活性氧化镁潮解及其活性递变规律研究

通过流化床反应器在常温常压条件下对高活性氧化镁进行吸潮性实验研究,考察流化时间对氧化镁潮解程度的影响。利用透射电镜对产物进行微观观察,柠檬酸法对产物进行活性检测,比表面积测定仪对产物进行表征。结果表明,随流化时间延长,氧化镁潮解程度加大,氢氧化镁含量增加,产物形貌呈六方片状且致密紧凑,产物活性与比表面积逐渐降低。     

掺混肥生产及产品粉化、潮解、结块原因分析

介绍了掺混肥(BB肥)生产流程的特点、对原料要求。对前期生产的BB肥产品出现粉化、潮解、结块等质量问题的原因进行了详细分析,并同时提出改善措施,有效提高了BB肥的产品质量,增强了市场竞争力。     

BB肥生产及产品粉化、潮解、结块原因分析

介绍了BB肥生产流程的特点、BB肥对原料要求，以及我公司前期BB肥生产的产品出现潮解、粉化、结块等质量问题，并从内在和外在两方面对产生这些质量问题原因进行了详细分析，同时提出改善措施，有效地提高我公司BB肥产品质量．增加了市场竞争力。     

EBM气溶胶灭火剂产物的潮解研究

EBM气溶胶灭火剂是一种新型高效灭火剂,其灭火效率高于哈龙类灭火剂。燃烧反应产生的白色烟雾对火灾具有抑制作用。白色烟雾中含有固体颗粒物质,这些颗粒物降落形成的残留物潮解后对金属材料及线路板等有腐蚀性。对气溶胶灭火剂颗粒物潮解进行研究,研究结果表明:空气的相对湿度是影响气溶胶颗粒物潮解的主要因素。     

元明粉结块原因及防止方法的探讨

通过分析元明粉结块的内、外因,提出了防止元明粉结块的基本方法。     

炸药水中爆炸规律的研究进展

通过对比炸药空中爆炸的特性,阐述了水中爆炸的显著特点,分析和总结了炸药水中爆炸规律的研究现状,包括水中爆炸冲击波理论研究、气泡脉动和目标对炸药水中爆炸的动态响应等,并根据已有的研究现状,提出了目前炸药水中爆炸机理的两大类研究热点和发展培势,即应重点进行炸药水中爆炸毁伤作用及水中爆炸载荷的能量输出结构研究,深入研究目标对于炸药水中爆炸近场能量输出结构的动态响应过程。附参考文献31篇。     

日本炸药合成及应用近况

介绍了DIPAM和HNS的合成方法及其应用情况。     

熔铸混合炸药用载体炸药评述

介绍了TNT、3号炸药、DNTF、TNAZ、DNAN、DNP等典型熔铸载体炸药的物化性能、爆炸性能、安全性能、结晶和凝固性质铸装质量,分析了作为载体炸药所存在的优点和不足,提出了利用优势克服不足的途径.认为TNT通过改性仍然是熔铸炸药的主要载体炸药;3号炸药具有系统研究的必要;DNTF通过降低冲击波感度和强化结晶控制研...     

浅析乳化炸药水相溶液制备质量影响因素及质量改进建议

乳化炸药水相溶液的制备质量是关系到乳化炸药性能参数指标优良的重要先决条件之一,如何更好把握水相溶液的制备质量,已经成为乳化炸药生产企业过程控制急需掌握的基本技能条件。为此,乳化炸药生产企业过程质量管理应认真加强对水相溶液制备质量检测监督,确保乳化炸药产品质量优质高效。     

Deliquescence and Efflorescence of Hygroscopic Salt Particles in Dust Cakes on Surface Filters

In the case of dust separation with surface filters, both the structure of the formed cake and the adhesive bonds on particle contacts significantly influence the operating behavior. Microscopic as well as macroscopic insights into the characteristics of deliquescence and efflorescence of salt particles in contact with non‐hygroscopic particles are presented. By means of an environmental scanning electron microscope a change to the adhesive bonds as well as a restructuring of the dust cake are observed. The change in the performance of test filters by inducing deliquescence and efflorescence of the salt particle fraction in a dust cake is investigated on a customized standard filter testing rig.     

Explosive Mixture for Explosive Welding of Thin Foils

An explosive mixture of PETN and baking soda has been investigated. It was found that the size of the PETN particles had crucial influence on the detonation properties of these explosives. The suggested mix of explosives can be recommended for use in explosive welding.     

爆腔试验及计算

介绍了爆腔试验及测试方法,给出了有关实测数据.考虑三相土体介质可压缩因素,推导出了工程上实用的爆腔半径计算式,计算值同实测值基本吻合.     

Explosive Mixtures for Explosive Welding of Thin Foils: Part 2. RDX–Baking Soda Mixtures

Explosive mixtures of RDX powder and baking soda have been investigated. It was found that the size of the RDX particles had crucial influence on the detonation properties of such explosives. The suggested mix of explosives can be recommended for use in explosive welding and some other applications.     

Water Uptake by NaCl Particles Prior to Deliquescence and the Phase Rule

Using an environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM), we show that a significant amount of water, far exceeding the multilayers caused by surface adsorption, is reversibly associated prior to deliquescence with substrate-supported NaCl particles (dry diameters of ～ 40 nm to 1.5 μ m; ～ 18°C). We hypothesize that the water is present as an aqueous solution containing dissolved Na and Cl ions. Water uptake occurs at relative humidities (RH) as low as 70%, and the resulting liquid layer coating the particles is stable over extended times if the RH is held constant. We exposed CaSO ₄ and CaSO ₄ · 2H ₂ O particles to elevated RH values in the ETEM to show that chemically nonspecific condensation of gas-phase water on the TEM substrate does not explain our observations. Furthermore, damage to the NaCl surface induced by the electron beam and small fluctuations in RH do not seem to contribute to or otherwise affect water uptake. We have similar observations of water association for other alkali halide particles, including NaBr and CsCl, prior to deliquescence. To explain the observations, we derive the phase rule for this geometry and show that it allows for the coexistence of liquid, solid, and vapor for the binary NaCl/H ₂ O system across a range of RH values. The derivation includes the effects of heterogeneous pressure because of the Laplace-Young relations for the subsystems. Furthermore, in view of the lever rule and the absence of similar observations for free-floating pure NaCl aerosol particles, we hypothesize that the surface energy necessary to support these effects is provided by sample-substrate interactions. Thus, the results of this study may be relevant to atmospheric systems in which soluble compounds are associated with insoluble materials.     

Hair as Forensic Evidence of Explosive Handling

Hair has the ability to assimilate a variety of chemical compounds. The analysis of hair for determining first‐hand exposure to illegal drugs is a popular forensic technique [1–6]. Molecules such as explosives can also become trapped in hair due to external exposure and detected at trace levels [7–12]. Hair analysis could prove a powerful, non‐invasive method for the detection of individual exposure to illicit explosives. Previous studies showed that in a sealed vessel with adequate headspace, military explosives such as PETN, TNT, and RDX were sorbed to human hair. These organic explosives persisted on hair even after the hair was washed with detergents or solvent [7, 8]. Such sorption was influenced by hair color, and the levels of contamination were on the order of micrograms per gram hair after thousands of hours of exposure. It was assumed that in the “real‐world” explosives would sorb to hair through the condensation of vapors or by the deposition of solid particulates. This study involved the sampling of hair from students and instructors attending field classes for handling explosives at Fort A. P. Hill, Fredericksburg, VA and Redstone Arsenal, AL. Hair was sampled using combs fitted with cheesecloth, and the cheesecloth was extracted and analyzed by GC‐ECD for PETN, TNT, and RDX. On average, 80% of the participants were contaminated with PETN, found in detonating cord, after daily field exercises. Average participant contamination with TNT and RDX in hair ranged from 30 to 50%.     

Calibration and uncertainty quantification for Davis Equation of State models for the High Explosive PBX 9501 products

This paper investigates the uncertainty in the parameters used in the calibration of an Davis Equation Of State (EOS) for the detonation products of the High Explosive PBX 9501. The procedure sought to make use of all available information about this HE to inform the best set of calibration parameters as well as the uncertainty in these parameters. The procedure made use of historical experimental data, the results from thermo-chemical modeling as well as data on the best isentrope function fit to cylinder test experimental data. Combining all these heterogeneous data sources together in a Bayesian calibration, yielded a posterior mean and covariance. Sampling from the posterior distribution and evaluating an important Quantity Of Interest (QOI) in the EOS model, the detonation speed of a one-inch rate stick, produced a distribution which showed variations which were in agreement with experiments. The uncertainty in the EOS was reported as eleven sets of model calibrations which spanned the range of this QOI.     

温度冲击试验技术在混合炸药中的应用研究

应用炸药温度冲击试验技术，在－５４～＋７１℃之间考察温度突变对几种典型的混合炸药药柱尺寸的稳定性及力学性能的影响。