1-戊基环丙烯与1-MCP处理对芒果低温贮藏品质的影响

目的:研究环丙烯类乙烯效应抑制剂1-戊基环丙烯对"贵妃"芒果的作用效果。方法:以相应浓度的1-甲基环丙烯处理为参照,空气处理为对照,分别用1,5,50μL/L 1-PentCP在室温下熏蒸处理芒果果实20 h。每袋3个果实,置于PE果蔬专用保鲜袋(0.02 mm厚240 mm×190 mm)中低温贮藏[(4±1)℃,RH 85%~90%],每隔3d测定果实品质的变化。结果:50μL/L 1-PentCP处理与5μL/L 1-MCP处理一样,能有效延缓芒果果实呼吸高峰的出现,较好地抑制果实转黄进程,推迟果实PPO和POD活性高峰的出现。50μL/L 1-PentCP处理在保持芒果果实硬度、抑制果实贮藏期间的质量损失以及MDA积累方面优于5μL/L 1-MCP处理。结论:1-PentCP作为1种新型的乙烯效应抑制剂,有望应用于芒果及其它呼吸跃变型果蔬的贮藏保鲜中。     

不同浓度1-PentCP处理对芒果常温贮藏生理品质的影响

研究了不同浓度(1、5、50μL/L)的环丙烯类乙烯效应抑制剂1-PentCP(1-pentylcyclopropene,1-戊基环丙烯)常温(20±2)℃熏蒸处理20h对芒果果实(Mangifera indica L.)贮藏生理和品质的影响.结果表明,1-PentCP熏蒸处理能明显抑制果实的呼吸强度并延迟呼吸高峰的出现时间,延缓果实硬度、可滴定酸含量的下降和MDA(丙二醛)、SSC(可溶性固形物)含量的上升,并降低POD(过氧化物酶)、PPO(多酚氧化酶)酶的活性.说明1-PentCP处理能有效延缓芒果的后熟和衰老,抑制芒果贮藏期间品质的下降,其中以50μL/L 1-PentCP的效果较佳.     

不同浓度1-MCP和1-OCP处理对青熟期芒果后熟和衰老的影响

研究了不同浓度(1、5和50μl/L)的环丙烯类乙烯效应抑制剂1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)和1-OCP(1-辛基环丙烯)常温[(20±2)℃]熏蒸处理20h对青熟期芒果(Mangifera indica L.)后熟和衰老的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的环丙烯类乙烯效应抑制剂均能不同程度地延缓芒果果实可滴定酸、MDA(丙二醛)含量的下降;降低POD(过氧化物酶)、PPO(多酚氧化酶)活性;抑制硬度的下降和SSC(可溶性固形物)含量的上升;减缓果实质量损失和成熟度的进程;呼吸高峰出现的时间与对照相比延迟了3 d。表明1-MCP和1-OCP处理能有效地延缓芒果果实的后熟和衰老,其中以5μl/L 1-MCP和50μl/L 1-OCP的效果较佳。     

1-MCP及其结构相似物处理对番茄采后贮藏效果的影响

为了研究环丙烯类乙烯抑制剂的作用效果,以绿熟期番茄为试材,用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、1-戊基环丙烯(1-PentCP)、1-辛基环丙烯(1-OCP)处理后,常温(18℃±2℃)贮藏,每隔3 d测定1次理化指标,研究三者对番茄果实后熟衰老和贮藏效果的影响。结果表明:1-MCP及其结构相似物处理番茄不同程度地降低了呼吸强度和乙烯释放量的峰值,抑制了番茄果实硬度的下降,延缓了可溶性固形物含量的上升,同时也有效抑制了后熟期番茄果实过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,延缓了果实的后熟衰老。3种试验的抑制剂中,1-MCP、1-PentCP和1-OCP处理随支链长度的增加,抑制后熟衰老的效果依次降低。     

1-PentCP和1-MCP处理对番茄果实采后生理和品质影响的比较

以1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)处理为参照,未处理番茄果实作为对照,研究了质量浓度为0.4、0.8、1.2μL/L的1-PentCP(1-戊基环丙烯)处理在常温(18±2)℃条件下对"粉太郎"番茄(Solanumlycopersicum L.)果实采后生理和品质的影响。结果表明,不同体积分数的1-PentCP处理在减缓果实后熟衰老进程上与1-MCP处理表现出相似的作用。与对照组相比,1-PentCP和1-MCP均能有效抑制果实在贮藏期间硬度的下降、推迟SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性高峰出现的时间、减少果实VC的损失、抑制单宁质量分数的下降和可溶性总糖质量分数的上升、减少MDA(丙二醛)的积累并延缓其含量高峰出现的时间。0.8μL/L 1-MCP和0.4μL/L 1-PentCP在延缓番茄果实后熟和衰老方面的效果均明显优于其相应的其它浓度处理,并且0.8μL/L 1-MCP的处理效果要好于0.4μL/L 1-PentCP的处理效果。     

1-OCP作为乙烯效应抑制剂与1-MCP对芒果低温贮藏品质影响的比较研究

以相应浓度的1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene,1-甲基环丙烯)处理为参照,空气处理为对照,用1μL/L、5μL/L和50μL/L 1-OCP(1-octylcyclopropene,1-辛基环丙烯)在室温下熏蒸处理"贵妃"芒果(Mangifera indica L.)果实20 h后,每袋3个果实装入0.02 mm厚240 mm×190 mm PE果蔬专用保鲜袋中低温贮藏((4±1)℃,RH 85%～90%),每隔3 d测定果实品质的变化。结果表明,50μL/L 1-OCP和5μL/L 1-MCP处理均能有效延缓芒果果实呼吸高峰的出现,较好抑制果实硬度和可滴定酸的下降,延缓果实失重率和可溶性固形物含量的上升,同时也有效推迟果实PPO和POD活性高峰的出现以及MDA含量的积累。     

1-MCP、1-PentCP和1-OCP对冷藏中苹果代谢和贮藏特性的影响

研究了3种环丙烯类乙烯抑制剂1-MCP(1-methylecyclopropene,1-甲基环丙烯)、1-PentCP(1-pentylcyclo-propene,1-戊基环丙烯)和1-OCP(1-octylcyclopropene,1-辛基环丙烯)处理对寒富苹果冷藏中相关代谢及贮藏特性的影响。结果表明:1-MCP及其结构相似物处理均不同程度抑制了苹果冷藏期间的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,推迟了呼吸峰和乙烯释放峰出现的时间(推迟了30d),3种抑制剂处理利于保持果实硬度,延缓了可滴定酸含量的下降速度和可溶性固形物含量的上升速度。同时3种处理延缓了果实中SOD和POD活性的降低,保持了较高的CAT活性。因此1-MCP及其结构相似物处理能抑制果实生理代谢,保持果实品质,而1-MCP及其结构相似物处理间无显著差异。     

三种乙烯效应抑制剂对软枣猕猴桃贮藏品质的影响

本实验研究了三种环丙烯类乙烯效应抑制剂对青熟期软枣猕猴桃果实采后生理品质的影响。实验以相应浓度的1-MCP(1-methylecyclopropene,1-甲基环丙烯)处理为参照,采用0.4、0.8、1.2μL/L的1-PentCP(1-pentylcyclopropene,1-戊基环丙烯)和1-OCP(1-octylcyclopropene,1-辛基环丙烯)分别在室温下熏蒸处理青熟期软枣猕猴桃果实20 h后,用0.02 mm厚的PE果蔬专用保鲜袋将果实包装,常温条件[(20±1)℃,RH 85~90%]贮藏,贮藏期间每5天测定一次果实的呼吸强度、硬度、好果率、Vc、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物、MDA含量、SOD及POD活性。结果表明,0.4、0.8、1.2μL/L的1-MCP、1-PentCP和1-OCP均能有效推迟软枣猕猴桃果实呼吸高峰和SOD、POD活性高峰的出现,抑制硬度、好果率、可滴定酸含量的下降以及MDA的积累和可溶性固形物含量的上升,以1.2μL/L 1-MCP作用效果较佳,其次是0.8μL/L 1-OCP,再次为1.2μL/L 1-PentCP。     

1-OCP处理对芒果常温贮藏采后生理的影响

研究了3种含量(1,5,50μL/L)的环丙烯类乙烯效应抑制剂1-OCP在常温(20±2)℃条件下熏蒸处理20h对青熟期芒果贮藏保鲜效果的影响。试验结果表明:3种含量的1-OCP处理均能延缓果实的后熟,其中50μL/L 1-OCP处理的芒果保鲜效果最好。贮藏第13天时,50μL/L 1-OCP处理的果实SSC含量和失重率分别比对照低4.4%和0.79%,果实硬度高于对照51%,MDA含量仅为对照的43.1%;POD,PPO活性高峰和呼吸高峰较对照均有所减弱,峰值分别仅为对照峰值的89%,67%,75.1%,呼吸高峰的出现也延迟了3 d。由此说明1-OCP能够有效地抑制芒果果实贮藏期间品质的下降,可作为乙烯效应抑制剂,应用于呼吸跃变型果蔬的贮藏保鲜。     

1-MCP和1-PentCP二次处理对樱桃番茄采后常温贮藏生理品质影响的比较

采用1μL/L 1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)或1-Pent CP(1-戊基环丙烯)2种环丙烯类乙烯抑制剂对变色期樱桃番茄果实(Lycopersicon esculentum var.cerasiforme)分别进行一次和二次处理,比较不同处理对果实在常温贮藏期间的生理和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,1-MCP与1-Pent CP二次处理均能有效保持樱桃番茄果实的硬度并延缓番茄红素和VC含量的降低、抑制果实呼吸强度和MDA(丙二醛)的积累以及细胞膜透性的增加、降低果实中POD(过氧化物酶)活性并推迟其活性高峰的出现,综合效果优于一次处理。     

1-L-亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖和1-L-异亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热裂解分析

采用热重-差热法对1-L-亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖（Ⅰ）和1-L-异亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖（Ⅱ）的热失重和热裂解温度进行了研究,通过在线裂解GC-MS联用技术分别对（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）在350℃、450℃、550℃、650℃、750℃和850℃条件下的裂解产物进行了鉴定。研究结果表明2种Amadori化合物的的热失重曲线相似,（Ⅰ）的裂解温度为144.67℃,（Ⅱ）的裂解温度为164.26℃,600℃时（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）失重约80%;二者裂解产物主要为吡嗪类、吡啶类、吡咯类、喹啉类和呋喃类等杂环化合物,芳香族化合物以及醛类和酮类,其中以吡嗪类为主;裂解产物的数量随着裂解温度的升高而增多,（Ⅰ）的裂解产物数量与（Ⅱ）的裂解产物数量相当。对（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）的主要裂解产物形成途径进行了初步探讨,可为研究其在卷烟燃烧过程中的转化行为提供参考。      

甲型H1N1流感概述

"甲型H1N1流感"最初被称为"猪流感",它几乎一夜之间,席卷美国和墨西哥,并引发整个美洲乃至全球的担忧.     

Thiomethylstilbenes as inhibitors of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 activities

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural stilbene derivative occurring in grapes, peanuts and red wine. Its chemopreventive action has been established in studies on animal models. Recently, numerous classes of compounds with stilbene backbone have been investigated for their biological activity concerning cancer prevention; e. g. resveratrol methyl ethers appeared to be specific and potent inhibitors of cytochromes P450 (CYP) family 1 involved in the activation of procarcinogens. Since the replacement of the 4'-hydroxyl with a thiomethyl group is supposed to reduce toxicity of stilbene derivatives, the purpose of this study was the synthesis and evaluation of a series of 4-thiomethyl-trans-stilbene derivatives differing in a number and position of additional methoxy groups. Their inhibitory potency toward human recombinant CYPs: CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 have been studied and compared with the effect of resveratrol and its analogues. Among compounds tested, 2-methoxy-4'-thiomethyl-trans-stilbene and 3-methoxy-4'-thiomethyl-trans-stilbene demonstrated the most potent and selective inhibitory effect on CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 activities. The results of our study indicate that modification of stilbene derivatives with thiomethyl group may influence the selectivity and inhibitory potency of these compounds toward P450 isozymes. Thus, it should be considered in developing new chemopreventive agents based on their mechanism of action.     

1-L-苯丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖热解产物分析

采用热重-差热法测定了1-L-苯丙氨酸-l-脱氧-D-果糖(PDF)的热失重和热裂解温度,在线裂解GC/MS联用技术鉴定了PDF在350,450,550,650,750和850℃下的裂解产物.结果表明,PDF的初始裂解温度为145.91℃,二次裂解温度为170.70℃,500 ℃时裂解物失重约80%;裂解产物主要为芳烃类和杂环化合物类;裂解产物的数量随着裂解温度的升高而增多,尤其是芳香族化合物类.     

1-L-丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热裂解分析

采用热重/差热(TG-DTA)和在线裂解气相色谱/质谱联用(Py-GC/MS)分析技术对1-L-丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖(Ala-Fru)的热裂解进行了研究.TG-DTA分析结果显示,Ala-Fru的初始裂解温度为147.47℃,600℃时样品质量损失至原重的25%;在350℃,450℃,550℃,650℃,750℃和850℃这6个温度下的Py-GC/MS结果显示,裂解产物的种类和数量随裂解温度的升高而增多,其裂解产物主要为吡嗪类、吡啶类、吡咯类和呋喃类等杂环类化合物以及少量酮类化合物,这些物质是卷烟烟气中重要的香味成分.     

1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热裂解分析研究

采用热重-微分热重技术研究了1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热失重和裂解温度,通过在线热裂解与气质联用技术分别分析研究了无氧和有氧条件下1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖在300℃、600℃、750℃和900℃四个温度的热裂解产物。研究结果表明1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的裂解温度为161.3℃,在700℃时失重达到90.50%。无氧和有氧条件下裂解产物的种类和数量随着裂解温度升高而增多,有氧条件下裂解产物总数稍多于无氧条件,但品种有明显差异。 无氧裂解和有氧裂解产物主要为酮类、吡咯类、吡啶类、呋喃类、吡嗪类、吲哚类以及少量芳香族化合物。有氧热裂解产物的香韵分析结果表明1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖裂解产物具有烘烤香、坚果香、甜香、花香、奶香等香韵。      

1-L-脯氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖纯化研究

采用沉淀法、纳滤法和离子交换树脂法对1-L-脯氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖(1-L-proline-1-deoxy-D-fructose,PDF)进行分离纯化,并对该3种方法得到的PDF的纯度进行比较.结果表明:①溶剂沉淀法得到的PDF的纯度较低(35％～62％);②纳滤法得到的PDF的纯度可达75％以上;③强阴离子交换树脂可以高效分离纯化PDF,纯度达90％以上,而弱阴离子交换树脂的纯化效果不理想.说明强阴离子交换树脂是分离纯化PDF的最佳方法.     

1-L-色氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的合成及其热裂解

为探索以D-甘露糖与氨基酸的美拉德反应制备Amadori化合物的可行性问题,以D-甘露糖和L-色氨酸为原料合成了1-L-色氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖,利用IR、NMR和HR-MS对产物进行了结构表征,采用单因素试验和正交试验优化了合成工艺,利用在线裂解气相色谱/质谱联用（Py-GC/MS）法研究了产物的热裂解行为。结果表明:①最佳合成条件为:当L-色氨酸投料量为30 mmol时,反应温度65℃、反应时间6.0 h、物料比1:1（D-甘露糖与L-色氨酸的物质的量比）、催化剂用量0.5 mmol及溶剂用量80 mL,此条件下产率达到45.2%;②无论有氧或无氧条件下裂解,产物种类均随温度升高而增加,有氧条件裂解产物种类多于无氧条件;在600℃有氧条件下,1-L-色氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖裂解生成具有花香、烘烤香、坚果香、焦糖香等香韵的产物;③以D-甘露糖和L-色氨酸为原料合成1-L-色氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的技术方法可行,产品收率较高。      

Characterization of the sec1-1 and sec1-11 mutations.

Sec1 proteins are implicated in positive and negative regulation of SNARE complex formation. To better understand the function of Sec1 proteins we have identified the nature of the temperature-sensitive mutations in sec1-1 and sec1-11. The sec1-1 mutation changes a conserved glycine(443) to glutamic acid. The sec1-11 mutation changes a highly conserved arginine(432) to proline. Based on homology and the crystal structure of the mammalian nSec1p, the corresponding amino acids localize to the 3b domain of nSec1p. Compared to the wild-type Sec1p the mutant proteins are less abundant even at the permissive temperature. Thus, the R432P and G443E mutations may cause structural alterations that affect folding and make the mutant proteins more susceptible to degradation. The remaining part is sufficient for growth and protein secretion at 24 degrees C and thus is likely to be properly folded. At 37 degrees C the mutant proteins become non-functional. In pulse-chase-type experiments the newly synthesized Sec1-1 and Sec1-11 proteins decayed similarly with the wild-type protein. Thus, the non-functionality of the mutant proteins cannot be explained by denaturation-induced degradation only. It is possible that the newly synthesized mutant proteins fold slowly and are susceptible to degradation before they have managed to fold and associate with other proteins. The mutant proteins were unable to interact with the Sec1p-interacting proteins Mso1p and Sso2p in the two-hybrid assay, even at the permissive temperature. These results localize sec1-1 and sec1-11 mutations to a domain of Sec1p and suggest a mechanism by which sec1-1 and sec1-11 cells become temperature-sensitive.     

Thermodynamic characterization of the PR-10 allergens Bet v 1, Api g 1 and Dau c 1 and pH-dependence of nApi g 1 and nDau c 1

Natural and recombinant Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, and homologous allergens, Api g 1 and Dau c 1, from celery and carrot, respectively, were studied by CD spectroscopy under conditions of varying denaturant concentration, pH and temperature to determine fundamental thermodynamic parameters for conformational stability. Thermodynamic studies increase basic knowledge regarding differences between birch pollen-related allergens and are of importance in choosing processing conditions. The conformational stability determined from guanidine hydrochloride denaturation curves was similar for rBet v 1.0101 and rApi g 1.0101. Conformational responses to chaotropic salt were different for recombinant allergens from different species, but were similar for the natural isoform mixtures. The conformational stabilities of nApi g 1 and nDau c 1, were shown to be similar to rBet v 1.2801 at pH > 4.4 [Mogensen, J. E., Ipsen, H., Holm, J., & Otzen, D. E. (2004). Elimination of a misfolded folding intermediate by a single point mutation. Biochemistry, 43(12), 3357-3367], but nApi g and nDau c 1 were stable to heating at lower pH-values.