TC4钛合金局部感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散连接与机理分析（英文）

提出了一种新型扩散连接方法——局部感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散(TSCB)。利用TC4板材进行了实验,验证了局部感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散方法的可行性。在实验基础上建立了感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散过程热应力应变有限元分析模型,揭示了钛合金局部感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散连接机理。实验结果表明,感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散原理合理,接头显微组织均匀,综合力学性能较好。热应力应变过程有限元数值分析表明,在刚性拘束的待连接材料对接区域进行局部感应加热时,界面附近形成热拘束应力应变场,对界面处高温热塑性状态金属进行热挤压,促进界面两侧原子扩散,最终实现了固相连接。     

TC4钛合金局部感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散连接与机理分析

提出了一种新型扩散连接方法——局部感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散(TSCB).利用TC4板材进行了实验,验证了局部感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散方法的可行性.在实验基础上建立了感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散过程热应力应变有限元分析模型,揭示了钛合金局部感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散连接机理.实验结果表明,感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散原理...     

电子束功率对TC4合金刚性拘束热自压连接、接头组织和力学性能的影响

以电子束为热源,采用不同的束流功率对TC4钛合金进行刚性拘束热自压连接,测试分析了连接接头界面焊合质量、组织和力学性能.同时,在实验基础上对刚性拘束热自压连接热应力应变过程进行有限元数值分析,实验研究和数值模拟相结合分析了束流功率对连接接头界面焊合质量以及组织和性能的影响规律.结果表明,束流功率增加,加热温度、高温区停留时间、高温区体积以及界面金属压缩塑性变形随之增加,促进界面两侧原子扩散,界面焊合质量提高.束流功率显著影响连接接头组织,小束流功率加热时能获得组织均匀的连接接头,大束流功率加热时,界面加热区产生针状a相,且a/a相界取向差主要位于59.85°附近,呈现出在同一b相晶粒内部产生的特点.连接接头的力学性能受界面焊合率和加热区组织共同影响,束流较小时,界面未焊合缺陷多,结合强度低;束流较大时,加热区发生显著组织转变,晶粒粗大,接头塑性差.束流功率为330 W时,接头组织均匀且界面焊合质量好,获得综合力学性能优异的连接接头.     

加热时间对异种钛合金热自压连接界面、原子扩散和接头力学性能的影响（英文）

采用一种新的固相连接方法——刚性拘束热自压连接方法,对纯钛和Ti6Al4V(TC4)钛合金进行固相连接。通过不同加热时间刚性拘束热自压连接界面光学显微镜观察、元素成分能谱分析、显微硬度测试以及接头力学性能测试和断口观察,分析加热时间对纯钛和TC4钛合金异种连接接头界面焊合率、界面元素扩散和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着加热时间的增加,连接界面高温停留时间、高温区材料体积、热挤压应力作用时间增加,促进界面两侧原子扩散,界面未焊合缺陷数量和尺寸减少,焊合质量提高。界面两侧发生显著的元素扩散现象,TC4合金中Al和V元素扩散至纯钛中,纯钛中的Ti元素扩散至TC4合金中,并随着加热时间增加,Al和V元素在纯钛中的扩散深度增加。加热时间对接头显微硬度分布影响不显著,但显著影响接头的强度和塑性,当加热时间增加至450 s时,可获得综合力学性能较好的纯钛和TC4合金异种材料连接接头。     

加热时间对钛合金热自压连接接头组织和性能的影响

对不同加热时间下获得的钛合金刚性拘束热自压连接接头进行了连接界面的光学显微镜观察,背散射电子衍射组织分析和接头拉伸力学性能测试,分析了加热时间对连接接头界面缺陷、组织和力学性能的影响。同时,利用热弹塑性有限元模型分析了连接中热应力应变演变过程,阐明了加热时间对连接接头界面焊合质量、组织和力学性能影响的原因。结果表明:在加热峰值温度相当的情况下,随加热时间增加,界面金属高温存在时间和受压应力作用时间以及横向压缩塑性变形增加,促进界面两侧原子扩散,界面未焊合缺陷减少,接头综合力学性能提高。加热时间至300s以上时,可以获得界面焊合质量好,组织均匀,综合力学性能优异的固相连接接头。     

加热时间对钛合金热自压连接及接头组织性能影响

对不同加热时间下获得的钛合金刚性拘束热自压连接接头进行了连接界面光学显微镜观察,背散射电子衍射组织分析和接头拉伸力学性能测试,分析了加热时间对连接接头界面缺陷、组织和力学性能的影响。同时,利用热弹塑性有限元模型分析了连接中热应力应变演变过程,阐明了加热时间对连接接头界面焊合质量、组织和力学性能影响的原因。结果表明：加热峰值温度相当的情况下,加热时间增加,界面金属高温存在时间和受压应力作用时间以及横向压缩塑性变形增加,促进界面两侧原子扩散,界面未焊合缺陷减少,接头综合力学性能提高。加热时间至300s以上时,可以获得界面焊合质量好,组织均匀,综合力学性能优异的固相连接接头。     

加热温度和热处理对TC4钛合金热自压连接接头组织和性能的影响

采用自行设计的感应线圈、刚性拘束工装与实验室现有感应加热装置结合,以5 mm厚TC4钛合金为母材进行局部感应加热刚性拘束热自压扩散连接（TSCB）,探究了不同加热温度和热处理对接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,加热温度过低（900 ℃）会导致原子扩散不充分,加热温度过高（990 ℃,超过β→α相变温度）会形成的粗大魏氏体组织,导致接头力学性能降低。随着温度的升高,热拘束应力场对接头施加的压力先升高后降低,接头的连接质量也先升高后降低。只有加热温度为950 ℃即稍低于β→α相变温度时,组织分布最均匀,等轴α相晶粒最明显,且原子扩散更充分,应力场对接头施加的压力最高,接头力学性能最好。经650 ℃/3 h退火热处理后,发生了α→β相变,晶格的畸变程度降低,晶粒细化。TSCB接头残余应力状态由拉应力转变为压应力。残余应力显著降低,应力得到释放,从而提高了TSCB接头的力学性能,解决了TSCB接头塑性较低的问题。     

热处理工艺参数对TC4+TC17线性摩擦焊接头微观组织的影响

在前期焊接试验参数优化基础上,对TC4+TC17钛合金进行线性摩擦焊,焊后进行不同温度的热处理,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜等对不同状态接头组织进行对比分析。结果表明,焊态下接头焊缝为典型动态再结晶组织,热力影响区由于热输入较小,以变形组织为主。585℃×3h热处理后焊缝TC4侧形成弥散的α+β相,细小的针状α相从亚稳态β相析出。热力影响区变形的α相在长度和宽度方向都长大,相界较焊态下更清晰;TC17侧形成细小片层状α相、针状次生α相和β相,次生针状α相沿初生α相析出。热力影响区亚稳β相分解,析出针状次生α相;热处理温度升高到685℃,接头组织的析出相长大粗化,组织趋于稳定。     

局部预热对焊接接头抗裂性能的影响

本文采用平板刚性拘束裂纹试验方法探讨了局部预热对焊接接头抗裂性能的影响。试验证明,局部预热对一定拘束条件下的焊接接头抗裂性能有双重作用,一是改善,二是降低。因此,在其一定的拘束条件下,存在一个不产生裂纹的“最佳局部预热温度范围”。Y形坡口的14MnMoNbB钢接头的最佳预热温度范围为150℃左右。     

TC4/TA15异种钛合金激光焊焊缝的显微组织和高温力学性能（英文）

研究不同焊接工艺参数条件下TC4/TA15异种钛合金激光焊接接头的显微组织和高温力学性能。结果表明:TC4/TA15异种激光焊焊缝熔合区由含针状α’马氏体的粗化β柱状晶组成,热影响区主要由初始α相和β转变相组成,TA15侧热影响区的宽度窄于TC4侧热影响区的宽度。TC4/TA15异种接头的屈服强度和抗拉强度随温度的升高而降低,高温拉伸强度从高到低的顺序为TA15母材>异种接头>TC4母材,800°C时塑性变形程度最高。TC4/TA15异种接头横截面的最高显微硬度位于焊缝中心,热处理后接头的显微硬度整体降低,但硬度分布特征未发生改变。异种接头的高温拉伸断裂均发生在TC4母材侧,并在拉伸过程中发生明显颈缩,微观断口呈现韧性断裂特征。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。